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Long-term spaceflight and the cardiovascular system

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第4期3卷 284-291页

作者： Nicholas A.Vernice Cem Meydan ebrahim Afshinnekoo christophe. e.mason The Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine Weill Cornell Medicine1305 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA The WordQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York AvenueNew YorkNY 10021USA The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine1300 York Avenue New YorkNY 10021USA

While early investigations into the physiological effects of spaceflight suggest the body’s ability to reversibly adapt,the corresponding effects of long-term spaceflight(>6months)aremuch less *** exposure to microgravity and radiation yields profound effects on the cardiovascular system,including a massive cephalad fluid translocation and altered arterial pressure,which attenuate blood pressure regulatory mechanisms and increase cardiac ***,central venous pressure decreases as a result of the loss of venous *** stimulation of baroreceptors by the cephalad shift results in an approximately 10%–15%reduction in plasma volume,with fluid translocating from the vascular lumen to the *** possible increases in cardiac workload,myocyte atrophy and notable,yet unexplained,alterations in hematocrit have been *** is postulated to result from shunting of protein synthesis from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria via mortalin-mediated *** data are scarce regarding their causative agents,arrhythmias have been frequently reported,albeit sublethal,during both Russian and American expeditions,with QT interval prolongation observed in long,but not short duration,*** of the heart to the proton and heavy ion radiation of deep space has also been shown to result in coronary artery degeneration,aortic stiffness,carotid intima thickening via collagen-mediated action,accelerated atherosclerosis,and induction of a pro-inflammatory *** return,long-term spaceflight frequently results in orthostatic intolerance and altered sympathetic responses,which can prove hazardous should any rapidmobilization or evacuation be required,and indicates that these cardiac risks should be especially monitored for future missions.

关键词： microgravity cardiovascular system spaceflight aerospace medicine

Improved gastrointestinal health for irritable bowel syndrome with metagenome-guided interventions

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Precision Clinical Medicine 2020年第2期3卷 136-146页

作者： Cem Meydan ebrahim Afshinnekoo Nate Rickard Guy Daniels Laura Kunces Theresa Hardy Loukia Lili Sarah Pesce Paul Jacobson christophe. e.mason Joel Dudley Bodi Zhang Onegevity Health 152 W 57thNew YorkNY 10019USA Thorne Research 152 W 57thNew YorkNY 10019USA

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder worldwide,and the most common reason for referral to gastroenterology ***,the pathophysiology is still not fully understood and consequently current management guidelines are very symptom-specific,leading to mixed *** we present a study of 88 individuals with IBS who had baseline sequencing of their gut microbiome(stool samples),received targeted interventions that included dietary,supplement,prebiotic/probiotic,and lifestyle recommendations for a 30-day period,and a follow-up sequencing of their gut *** study’s objectives were to demonstrate unique metagenomic signatures across the IBS phenotypes and to validate whether metagenomic-guided interventions could lead to improvement of symptom scores in individuals with *** subjects also completed a baseline and post-intervention questionnaire that assessed their symptom *** average symptom score of an individual with IBS at baseline was 160 and at the endpoint of the study the average symptom score of the cohort was *** mixed IBS subtype showed the most significant reduction in symptom scores across the different subtypes(average decrease by 102 points,P=0.005).The metagenomics analysis reveals shifts in the microbiome post-intervention that have been cross-validated with the literature as being associated with improvement of IBS *** the complex nature of IBS,further studies with larger sample sizes,more targeted analyses,and a broader population cohort are needed to explore these results further.

关键词： irritable bowel syndrome microbiome metagenomics

The influence of stocking levels,clone,fertilization,and weed control on surface CO_(2)efflux in a mid-rotation Pinus radiata *** plantation in Canterbury,New Zealand

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2567-2575页

作者： Mohan KC euan G.mason Horacio e.Bown School of Forestry University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800ChristchurchNew Zealand Ministry of Industry TourismForests and EnvironmentHetaudaBagmati ProvinceNepal Faculty of Forestry University of ChileP.O.Box 9206SantiagoChile

Silvicultural practices applied in managed forest plantations may help counteract the effects of climate change by influencing soil surface CO_(2)efflux(Fs).Understanding the effects of silvicultural practices on Fs will provide unbiased estimates of carbon fluxes and allow better silvicultural decisions for carbon ***,we assessed how Fs differed seasonally across silvicultural practices(i.e.,stocking levels,clone,fertilization and weed control treatments)and evaluated the effects of soil temperature(Ts)and soil volumetric water content(θv)on Fs across these practices for a mid-rotation(14 year-old)Pinus radiata plantation in the Canterbury region of New *** were significant differences in Fs(per the four seasons,three levels of stocking,and five *** effects of fertilization and weed control applied 12 years previously on Fs were *** estimate of Fs(mean±1 standard deviation)from the study site was 22.7±7.1 t ha^(-1)a^(-1)in the form of CO_(2)(6.2±2.1 t ha^(-1)a^(-1)in the form of C).Fs values were consistently higher in plots with 1250 stems ha^(-1)compared to 2500 stems ha^(-1),which may be related to a strong soil resource limitation because of the close spacing in the latter *** differences in Fs across clones suggest that variations in carbon partitioning might explain their growth *** treatments influenced Fs response to soil temperature(pesulting in models explaining 28-49%of the total variance in *** findings provide insights into how silvicultural management decisions may impact Fs in mid-rotation radiata pine plantations,contributing towards developing more precise and unbiased plantation carbon budgets.

关键词： Clone Silvicultural practices Soil CO_(2)efflux Stocking Weed control

Classification of Sandstone-Related Uranium Deposits

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Journal of earth Science 2022年第2期33卷 236-256页

作者： Michel Cuney Julien Mercadier christophe.Bonnetti Universitéde Lorraine GéoRessourcesCNRSCREGUNancy F54500France 2.State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and EnvironmentEast China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China

Sandstone type deposits are the most common type of uranium deposits in the world.A large variety of sub-types have been defined,based either on the morphology of the deposits(e.g.,tabular,roll front,etc),or on the sedimentological setting(e.g.,paleovalley,paleochannel,unconformity),or on tectonic or lithologic controls(e.g.,tectonolithologic,mafic dykes/sills),or still on a variety of others characteristics(phreatic oxidation type,interlayer permeable type,multi-element stratabound infiltrational,solution front limb deposit,humate type,etc.),reflecting the diversity of the characteristics of these deposits,but making it difficult to have a clear overview of these ***,uranium deposits occurring in the same sedimentological setting(e.g.,paleochannel),presenting similar morphologies(e.g.,tabular),may result from different genetic mechanisms and thus can be misleading for exploration *** aim of the present paper is to propose a new view on sandstone-related uranium deposits combining both genetic and descriptive *** dual view is indeed of primordial importance because all the critical characteristics of each deposit type,not limited to the morphology/geometry of the ore bodies and their relationships with depositional environments of the sandstone,have to be taken into account to propose a comprehensive classification of uranium *** this respect,several key ore-forming processes,like the physical-chemical characteristics of the mineralizing fluid,have to be used to integrate genetic aspects in the *** a succession of concentration steps,potentially temporally-disconnected,are involved in the genesis of some uranium mineralization,the classification here proposed will focus on the main mechanisms responsible for the formation and/or the location of ore *** objective of this paper is also to propose a robust and widely usable terminology to define and categorize sandstone uranium deposits,considering

关键词： sandstone uranium genetic classification redox control depositional environment fluids ore deposit geology

evaluation of ambient mass spectrometry tools for assessing inherent postharvest pepper quality

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2252-2259页

作者： Tyler J.mason Harmonie M.Bettenhausen Jacqueline M.Chaparro Mark e.Uchanski Jessica e.Prenni Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80524USA

Horticulturists are interested in evaluating how cultivar,environment,or production system inputs can affect postharvest *** mass spectrometry approaches enable analysis of minimally processed samples under ambient conditions and offer an attractive high-throughput alternative for assessing quality characteristics in plant ***,we evaluate direct analysis in real time(DART-MS)mass spectrometry and rapid evaporative ionization-mass spectrometry(ReIMS)to assess quality characteristics in various pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)***-MS exhibited the ability to discriminate between pod colors and pungency based on chemical fingerprints,while ReIMS could distinguish pepper market class(e.g.,bell,lunchbox,and popper).Furthermore,DART-MS analysis resulted in the putative detection of important bioactive compounds in human diet such as vitamin C,p-coumaric acid,and *** results of this study demonstrate the potential for these approaches as accessible and reliable tools for high throughput screening of pepper quality.

关键词： cultivar pepper ambient

A quantum cascade laser infrared spectrometer for CO_2 stable isotope analysis：Field implementation at a hydrocarbon contaminated site under bio-remediation

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2016年第2期28卷 60-74页

作者： christophe.Guimbaud Cécile Noel Michel Chartier Valéry Catoire Michaela Blessing Jean christophe.Gourry Claude Robert Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l'environnement et de l'espace (LPC2e) CNRS et Universite d'Orleans (UMR 7328)45071 Orleans cedex 2 France Bureau de Recherches Geologiques et Minieres (BRGM) 45060 Orleans cedex 2 France

Real-time methods to monitor stable isotope ratios of CO_2 are needed to identify biogeochemical origins of CO_2 emissions from the soil–air interface. An isotope ratio infra-red spectrometer（IRIS） has been developed to measure CO_2 mixing ratio with δ~13C isotopic signature, in addition to mixing ratios of other greenhouse gases（CH_4, N2_O）. The original aspects of the instrument as well as its precision and accuracy for the determination of the isotopic signature δ~13C of CO_2 are discussed. A first application to biodegradation of hydrocarbons is presented, tested on a hydrocarbon contaminated site under aerobic bio-treatment. CO_2 flux measurements using closed chamber method is combined with the determination of the isotopic signature δ~13C of the CO_2 emission to propose a non-intrusive method to monitor in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbons. In the contaminated area, high CO_2 emissions have been measured with an isotopic signature δ~13C suggesting that CO_2 comes from petroleum hydrocarbon *** first field implementation shows that rapid and accurate measurement of isotopic signature of CO_2 emissions is particularly useful in assessing the contribution of contaminant degradation to the measured CO_2 efflux and is promising as a monitoring tool for aerobic bio-treatment.

关键词： Isotope ratio infrared spectrometry Isotopic signature δ^(13)C of CO_2 Biodegradation monitoring Hydrocarbons BTeX

Overlap syndrome consisting of PSC-AIH with concomitant presence of a membranous glomerulonephritis and ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第16期20卷 4811-4816页

作者： Odile Warling christophe.Bovy Carla Combra Timothée Noterdaeme Jean Delwaide edouard Louis Department of Internal Medicine CHU de LiègeUniversity of Liège4000 LiegeBelgium Department of Internal Medicine NephrologyCHU de LiègeUniversity of Liège4000 LiegeBelgium Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation CHU de LiègeUniversity of Liège4000 LiegeBelgium Department of Cardiovascular Surgery German Heart Center80636 MunichGermany Department of Internal Medicine GastroenterologyCHU de LiègeUniversity of Liège4000 LiegeBelgium

The association of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC)and autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is known as an overlap syndrome(OS).OS can also be described in the setting of concomitant presence of AIH and *** diseases can in some cases be associated with ulcerative *** this case report we describe,to our knowledge,the first case in the literature of a young Caucasian male suffering from ulcerative colitis and an overlap syndrome consisting of an association betweenPSC-AIH,with the concomitant presence of a membranous glomerulonephritis.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Autoimmune hepatitis Overlap syndrome Ulcerative colitis Membranous glomerulonephritis

experiments on thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of Opalinus Clay at Mont Terri rock laboratory, Switzerland

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical engineering 2017年第3期9卷 120-128页

作者： Paul Bossart David Jaeggi christophe.Nussbaum Swiss Geological Survey at swisstopo Wabern Switzerland

Repositories for deep geological disposal of radioactive waste rely on multi-barrier systems to isolate waste from the biosphere.A multi-barrier system typically comprises the natural geological barrier provided by the repository host rock e in our case the Opalinus Clay e and an engineered barrier system(eBS).The Swiss repository concept for spent fuel and vitrified high-level waste(HLW)consists of waste canisters,which are emplaced horizontally in the middle of an emplacement gallery and are separated from the gallery wall by granular backfill material(GBM).We describe here a selection of five in-situ experiments where characteristic hydro-mechanical(HM)and thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)processes have been *** first example is a coupled HM and mine-by test where the evolution of the excavation damaged zone(eDZ)was monitored around a gallery in the Opalinus Clay(eD-B experiment).Measurements of pore-water pressures and convergences due to stress redistribution during excavation highlighted the HM *** same measurements were subsequently carried out in a heater test(He-D)where we were able to characterise the Opalinus Clay in terms of its THM *** yielded detailed data to better understand the THM behaviours of the granular backfill and the natural host *** a presentation of the Swiss concept for HLW storage,we designed three demonstration experiments that were subsequently implemented in the Mont Terri rock laboratory:(1)the engineered barrier(eB)experiment,(2)the in-situ heater test on key-THM processes and parameters(He-e)experiment,and(3)the full-scale emplacement(Fe)*** first demonstration experiment has been dismantled,but the last two ones are on-going.

关键词： Deep geological disposal Radioactive waste Demonstration experiments engineered barrier system(eBS) Granular backfill material(GBM) Bentonite Thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM) behaviour

Numerical investigation of electric field distortion induced by internal defects in composite insulators

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High Voltage 2017年第4期2卷 253-260页

作者： Gbah Kone christophe.Volat Hassan ezzaidi Modeling and Diagnostic of Power Network equipment Laboratory University of Quebec at Chicoutimi555 Bd.de l'UniversitéQCCanada G7H 2B1

This paper presents an exhaustive study of numerical investigations based on three-dimensional finite-element method modelling of several non-ceramic insulators of 69,110 and 230 kV having different internal semi-conductive defects in terms of size and *** internal defects were positioned close to the high-voltage electrode,the ground electrode and at floating *** simulations effected on the distortion of the axial and radial e-field components close to the insulator shank between *** results obtained showed that the radial e-field component is more sensitive to the presence of an internal defect as it shows a greater distortion in presence of the *** was also observed that the e-field component distortion increases with longer internal defect and that this increase is particularly important for a defect at floating ***,it was demonstrated that the length of the insulator,for a defect of constant length,has no significant influence on the e-field component ***,the results demonstrated that the presence of a grading ring,as used on the 230 kV insulator,does not have any influence on the e-field component distortion,independently of the defect position.

关键词： distortion insulator defect