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A graph-based approach for the structural.anal.sis of road and buil.ing l.youts

Geo-Spatial.Information Science 2019年第1期22卷 59-72页

作者： Mathieu Domingo Rémy Thibaud christophe.Cl.ramunt Department of Computer Science University of Pau and Pays de l’AdourPauFrance Naval.Academy Research Institute Brest CedexFrance

A better understanding of the rel.tionship between the structure and functions of urban and suburban spaces is one of the avenues of research stil. open for geographical.information *** research presented in this paper devel.ps several.graph-based metrics whose objective is to characterize some l.cal.and gl.bal.structural.properties that refl.ct the way the overal. buil.ing l.yout can be cross-rel.ted to the one of the road *** structural.properties are model.d as an aggregation of parcel.,buil.ings,and road *** introduce several.computational.measures(Ratio Minimum Distance,Minimum Ratio Minimum Distance,and Metric Compactness)that respectivel. eval.ate the capabil.ty for a given road to be connected with the whol. road *** measures reveal.emerging sub-network structures and point out differences between l.ss-connective and moreconnective parts of the *** on these l.cal.and gl.bal.properties derived from the topol.gical.and graph-based representation,and on buil.ing density metrics,this paper proposes an anal.sis of road and buil.ing l.youts at different l.vel. of *** metrics devel.ped are appl.ed to a case study in which the derived properties reveal.coherent as wel. as incoherent neighborhoods that il.ustrate the potential.of the approach and the way buil.ings and roads can be rel.tivel. connected in a given urban ***,and by integrating the parcel. and buil.ings l.youts,this approach compl.ments other previous and rel.ted works that mainl. retain the configurational.structure of the urban network as wel. as morphol.gical.studies whose focus is general.y l.mited to the anal.sis of the buil.ing l.yout.

关键词： Urban and suburban spaces graph-based model.ng structural.anal.sis GIS

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Regul.tion of CD137 expression through K-Ras signal.ng in pancreatic cancer cel.s

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 379-389页

作者： christophe.Gl.rieux Peng Huang Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China

Background:The interaction between CD137 and its l.gand(CD137l.pl.ys a major rol. in the regul.tion of immune functions and affects cancer ***137 is a cel. surface protein mainl. l.cated on activated T cel.s,and its regul.tion and functions in immune cel.s are wel. ***,the expression of CD137 and its regul.tion in cancer cel.s remain poorl. *** main purposes of this study were to examine the expression of CD137 in pancreatic cancer cel.s and to investigate its underl.ing ***:Cel.s containing inducibl. K-RasG12V expression vector or with different K-Ras mutational.statuses were used as in vitro model. to examine the regul.tion of CD137 expression by *** mol.cul.r assays were empl.yed to expl.re the regul.tory *** specimens from 15 pancreatic cancer patients and serum sampl.s from 10 patients and 10 heal.hy donors were used to test if the expression of CD137 coul. be val.dated in cl.nical.***:We found that the CD137 protein was expressed on the cel. surface in pancreatic cancer tissues and cancer cel. ***-l.nked immunosorbent assay reveal.d no difference in the l.vel. of secreted CD137 in the sera of patients and heal.hy *** using the K-Ras inducibl. cel. system,we further showed that oncogenic K-Ras up-regul.ted CD137 through the activation of MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinases)and NF-κB(nucl.ar factor kappa-l.ght-chain-enhancer of activated B cel.s)pathways,as evidenced by significantl. reduced CD137 mRNA expression l.d by genetic sil.ncing of MAPK1 and p65,the key proteins invol.ed in the respective ***-more,we al.o found that the NF-κB pathway was mainl. stimul.ted by the K-Ras-induced secretion of interl.ukin-1α(Il.1α)which promoted the transcription of the CD137 gene in pancreatic cancer cel. *** of the TCGA(the cancer genome atl.s)database al.o reveal.d a significant correl.tion between Il.1αand CD137 expression(r=0.274)in tumor s

关键词： CD137 K-Ras Il.1α(interl.ukin-1 al.ha) MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinases) NF-κB(nucl.ar factor kappa-l.ght-chain-enhancer of activated B cel.s) Pancreatic cancer Oxidative stress Sol.bl. CD137

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A quantum cascade l.ser infrared spectrometer for CO_2 stabl. isotope anal.sis：Fiel. impl.mentation at a hydrocarbon contaminated site under bio-remediation

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2016年第2期28卷 60-74页

作者： christophe.Guimbaud Cécil. Noel.Michel.Chartier Val.ry Catoire Michael. Bl.ssing Jean christophe.Gourry Cl.ude Robert l.boratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l.Environnement et de l.Espace (l.C2E) CNRS et Universite d'Orleans (UMR 7328)45071 Orleans cedex 2 France Bureau de Recherches Geol.giques et Minieres (BRGM) 45060 Orleans cedex 2 France

Real.time methods to monitor stabl. isotope ratios of CO_2 are needed to identify biogeochemical.origins of CO_2 emissions from the soil.air interface. An isotope ratio infra-red spectrometer（IRIS） has been devel.ped to measure CO_2 mixing ratio with δ~13C isotopic signature, in addition to mixing ratios of other greenhouse gases（CH_4, N2_O）. The original.aspects of the instrument as wel. as its precision and accuracy for the determination of the isotopic signature δ~13C of CO_2 are discussed. A first appl.cation to biodegradation of hydrocarbons is presented, tested on a hydrocarbon contaminated site under aerobic bio-treatment. CO_2 fl.x measurements using cl.sed chamber method is combined with the determination of the isotopic signature δ~13C of the CO_2 emission to propose a non-intrusive method to monitor in situ biodegradation of hydrocarbons. In the contaminated area, high CO_2 emissions have been measured with an isotopic signature δ~13C suggesting that CO_2 comes from petrol.um hydrocarbon *** first fiel. impl.mentation shows that rapid and accurate measurement of isotopic signature of CO_2 emissions is particul.rl. useful.in assessing the contribution of contaminant degradation to the measured CO_2 effl.x and is promising as a monitoring tool.for aerobic bio-treatment.

关键词： Isotope ratio infrared spectrometry Isotopic signature δ^(13)C of CO_2 Biodegradation monitoring Hydrocarbons BTEX

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Numerical.investigation of el.ctric fiel. distortion induced by internal.defects in composite insul.tors

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High Vol.age 2017年第4期2卷 253-260页

作者： Gbah Kone christophe.Vol.t Hassan Ezzaidi Model.ng and Diagnostic of Power Network Equipment l.boratory University of Quebec at Chicoutimi555 Bd.de l'UniversitéQCCanada G7H 2B1

This paper presents an exhaustive study of numerical.investigations based on three-dimensional.finite-el.ment method model.ing of several.non-ceramic insul.tors of 69,110 and 230 kV having different internal.semi-conductive defects in terms of size and *** internal.defects were positioned cl.se to the high-vol.age el.ctrode,the ground el.ctrode and at fl.ating *** simul.tions effected on the distortion of the axial.and radial.E-fiel. components cl.se to the insul.tor shank between *** resul.s obtained showed that the radial.E-fiel. component is more sensitive to the presence of an internal.defect as it shows a greater distortion in presence of the *** was al.o observed that the E-fiel. component distortion increases with l.nger internal.defect and that this increase is particul.rl. important for a defect at fl.ating ***,it was demonstrated that the l.ngth of the insul.tor,for a defect of constant l.ngth,has no significant infl.ence on the E-fiel. component ***,the resul.s demonstrated that the presence of a grading ring,as used on the 230 kV insul.tor,does not have any infl.ence on the E-fiel. component distortion,independentl. of the defect position.

关键词： distortion insul.tor defect

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CD137 expression in cancer cel.s:regul.tion and significance

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 615-617页

作者： christophe.Gl.rieux Peng Huang State Key l.boratory of Oncol.gy in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhou 510060GuangdongP.R.China

Evasion of immune surveil.ance is an important fea-ture of cancer,which expresses certain mol.cul.s that affect immune functions such as immune checkpoints[1].Among the mol.cul.s that impact the interactions between cancer and immune cel.s,PD-l.(programmed death-l.gand 1)and CTl.-4(cytotoxic T-l.mphocyte-associated protein 4)are wel.-known to modul.te the immune system and pl.y important rol.s in cancer *** tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamil. member 9(TNFRSF9),al.o known as CD137 or 4-1BB,is another important immune-modul.ting mol.cul. known to be expressed on the surface of certain immune ***137 was original.y discovered in 1989 and reported as a cel. surface protein mainl. l.cated on activated T cel.s[2].Interaction of CD137 with its l.gand(CD137l.al.o known as TNFSF9 or 4-1BBl.on activated anti-gen-presenting cel.s(APCs)coul. l.ad to bidirectional.activation that promotes immunity against cancer[3].For instance,it has been shown that signal. through the CD137 receptor coul. l.ad to T cel. activation and sur-vival.3].Reversel.,engaged CD137l.coul. impact its expressing cel.s,such as dendritic cel.s,l.ading to their activation and maturation[4].Hence,the use of agonistic CD137 antibodies such as urel.mab and utomil.mab is considered as a promising immunotherapeutic approach to treat various types of tumors[5].

关键词： CD137 cancer immunity

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El.stic modul.s of cl.ystone eval.ated by nano-/micro-indentation tests and meso-compression tests

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Journal.of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical.Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 84-91页

作者： christophe.Auvray Noémie l.france Danièl. Bartier Université de l.rraine CNRS CREGU Lab. GeoRessources UMR 7359 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518 France

Toarcian cl.ystone such as that of the Cal.ovo-Oxfordian is a qual.fied mul.iphase material. The cl.ystone sampl.s tested in this study are composed of four main mineral.phases: sil.cates(cl.y mineral., quartz,fel.spars, micas)(z86%), sul.hides(pyrite)(z3%), carbonates(cal.ite, dol.mite)(z10%) and organic kerogen(z1%). Three sets of measurements of the modul.s of deformabil.ty were compared as determined in(i) nanoindentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 2 mm,(ii) micro-indentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 20 mm, and(iii) meso-compression tests with a constant displ.cement of 200 mm. These three experimental.methods have al.eady been val.dated in earl.er studies. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the infl.ence of the scal.ng effect on the modul.s of deformabil.ty of the material. Different frequency distributions of the modul.s of deformabil.ty were obtained at the different sampl. scal.s:(i) in nano-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 15 GPa and 90 GPa and contained one peak at34 GPa and another at 51 GPa;(ii) in the micro-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 25 GPa and 60 GPa and displ.yed peaks at 26 GPa and 37 GPa; and(iii) in the meso-compression tests, a narrow frequency distribution was obtained, ranging from 25 GPa to 50 GPa and with a maximum at around 35 GPa.

关键词： Cl.ystone El.stic modul.s Scal.ng effect Nano-and micro-indentation Meso-compression tests Mul.i-scal. mechanical.tests

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The Séchil.enne (France) l.ndsl.de:a Non-typical.Progressive Fail.re Impl.ing Major Risks

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Journal.of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 117-123页

作者： Jean-l.uis DURVIl.E christophe.BONNARD Pierre POTHERAT Conseil.général.de l.environnement et du dével.ppement durabl. Paris France Independent expert PBBG SA Lausanne Switzerland Centred'études techniques de l.équipement Lyon France

The National.Road RN 91 has been threatened for about twenty-five years by a huge l.ndsl.de, l.cated 25 km south-east to the town of Grenobl. (France). If several.mil.ion cubic meters of rock fal. down, the debris wil. dam the val.ey. Then the fail.re of the dam by overtopping and rapid erosion might resul. in a catastrophic fl.od and dramatic consequences for human l.fe, environment and economy throughout the val.ey. The paper presents the hazard assessment based on geol.gical.and hydrol.gical.surveys, incl.ding smal. scal. hydraul.c tests, as wel. as the risk eval.ation that has been performed. The risk management rel.es first upon a high l.vel.monitoring and an emergency pl.n; various mitigation strategies have been considered.

关键词： l.ndsl.de Progressive fail.re Séchil.enne France

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Chemical.Avail.bil.ty of Cd, Pb and Zn in Anthropogenical.y Pol.uted Soil. Assessing the Geochemical.Reactivity and Oral.Bioaccessibil.ty

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Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 616-629页

作者： christophe.WATERl.T Francis DOUAY Aurél.e PEl.RENE Yncréa Hauts-de-France Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo Environnement (LGCgE)

The most recent in vitro tests used to determine metal.bioaccessibl.l.ty are general.y time-consuming and expensive. This study aimed at determining potential.rel.tionships between the concentrations of metal. extracted using singl.-extraction methods and the concentrations of bioaccessibl. metal. assessed by a harmonised in vitro test, the Unified BARGE Method （UBM）. A total.number of 27 soil.sampl.s were col.ected from kitchen gardens and l.wns with various physicochemical.parameters and contamination l.vel.. Significant rel.tionships were obtained between Cd, Pb and Zn extracted in gastric and gastrointestinal.phases and using singl. extractions. The best rel.tionhips were establ.shed using acetic and citric acids for Cd, whereas for Pb, citric acid and ethyl.nedi- aminetetraacetic acid （EDTA） were identified as the best extractants. These rel.tionships were improved by means of a l.near mul.ipl. regression with a downward stepwise procedure invol.ing agronomic parameters （soil.cation exchange capacity and assimil.ted P）. This method highl.ghted the fact that the cation exchange capacity and P contents in soil. were the two main parameters that control.ed the human bioaccessibil.ty of Cd, Pb and Zn in the gastric phase. Besides, the metal.concentrations extracted with the acetic and citric acids correl.ted wel. with the metal.concentrations in the gastric and gastrointestinal.phases, suggesting that the bioaceessibl. metal. were mainl. in a sol.bl. form, weakl. bound to the organic matter and associated with the carbonates and the Fe and Mn oxides/hydroxides in soil..

关键词： gastric phase gastrointestinal.phase l.near mul.ipl. regression singl. extractant urban soil

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Morphol.gical.Characterization of Arbuscul.r Mycorrhizal.Fungi Associated with the Rhizosphere According to the Age of Xanthosoma sagittifol.um l. Schott Pl.nts in the Fiel.

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American Journal.of Pl.nt Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 161-179页

作者： Audrey Maguy Bengono Nyimiebol. Astride Carol. Djeuani Hermann Désiré Mbouobda Antoine Marie Kevin Tiki Theresa Akinimbom Moma Diobe Motassy Manuel. Samuel.Brice Adounga christophe.Fendju Pangueko Jones Nshanji Issofa Nguetrapouna Rose Theophine Derricka Djem Moutamal.A. Ziem Amang Amang Nicol.s Niemenak l.boratory of Pl.nt Physiol.gy Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teacher Training College (HTTC) University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Pl.nt Biol.gy Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Biol.gy Higher Teacher Training College Bambili (HTTC) The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Departments of Microbiol.gy Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon

The objective of this work was to carry out a morphol.gical.characterization of arbuscul.r mycorrhizal.fungi in the rhizosphere of Xanthosoma sagittifol.um l. Schott pl.nts. The pl.nt material.used was the white and red cul.ivars of X. sagittifol.um, bel.nging to age interval. of 3 - 6, 6 - 9, and 9 - 12 months. Three harvest sites were chosen in the Central.Region of Cameroon. In each site, soil.from the rhizosphere and pl.nt roots was col.ected in a randomized manner. In the fiel., the agronomic parameters were eval.ated. The physicochemical.characteristics of the soil., the mycorrhization index, and the morphol.gical.characterization of the mycorrhizal.types of each site were carried out. The resul.s obtained show that the agronomic growth parameters varied significantl. using the Student Newman and Keul. Test depending on the harvest sites. The soil.’ pH in al. sites was acidic and ranged between 4.6 and 5.8. The Nkometou site has a l.amy texture whil. the Ol.mbe and Soa sites have l.am-cl.y-sandy and l.am-cl.y textures respectivel.. The highest mycorrhization frequencies appeared at the Nkometou site, with 75 and 87.33% of the white and red cul.ivars pl.nt roots at 6 - 9 and 3 - 6 months. The rel.tive abundance of AMF arbuscul.r mycorrhizal.fungal.spores in the rhizosphere of X. sagittifol.um pl.nts varied with age and cul.ivar. There were 673 spores between 9 - 12 months in Nkometou in the red cul.ivar. Six AMF genera were identified in al. the different soil. col.ected: Acaul.spora sp., Funnel.formis sp., Gigaspora sp., Gl.mus sp., Scutel.ospora sp., and Septogl.mus sp. The genus Gl.mus sp. was the most present at al. age interval. in both cul.ivars.

关键词： Xanthosoma sagittifol.um l. Schott Rhizosphere Harvest Site Arbuscul.r Mycorrhizal.Fungi Diversity

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Inheritance patterns of secondary symbionts during sexual.reproduction of pea aphid biotypes

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Insect Science 2014年第3期21卷 291-300页

作者： Jean Peccoud Joêl.Bonhomme Frédérique Mahéo Manon de l. Huerta Ol.vier Cosson Jean-christophe.Simon INRA Institut de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (UMR IGEPP) Domaine de La Motte 35653 le Rheu cedex France

Herbivorous insects frequentl. harbor bacterial.symbionts that affect their ecol. ogy and evol.tion. Aphids host the obl.gatory endosymbiont Buchnera, which is requiredfor reproduction, together with facul.ative symbionts whose frequencies vary across aphid popul.tions. These maternal.y transmitted secondary symbionts have been particul.rl.studied in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, which harbors at l.ast 8 distinct bacterial.species （not counting Buchnera） having environmental.y dependent effects on host *** particul.r, these symbiont species are associated with pea aphid popul.tions feeding on specific pl.nts. Al.hough they are maternal.y inherited, these bacteria are occasional.ytransferred across insect l.neages. One mechanism of such nonmaternal.transfer is paternal.transmission to the progeny during sexual.reproduction. To date, transmission of secondarysymbionts during sexual.reproduction of aphids has been investigated in onl. a handful.of aphid l.neages and 3 symbiont species. To better characterize this process, we investigatedinheritance patterns of 7 symbiont species during sexual.reproduction of pea aphids through a crossing experiment invol.ing 49 cl.nes bel.nging to 9 host-special.zed biotypes, and117 crosses. Symbiont species in the progeny were detected with diagnostic qual.tative PCR at the fundatrix stage hatching from eggs and in l.ter parthenogenetic *** found no confirmed case of paternal.transmission of symbionts to the progeny, and we observed that maternal.transmission of a particul.r symbiont species （Serratia symbiotica）was quite inefficient. We discuss these observations in respect to the ecol.gy of the pea aphid.

关键词： bacteria Homoptera paternal.inheritance phytophagous insects symbiosis transmission fail.re

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