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Development of a standardized in vitro approach to evaluate microphysical,chemical,and toxicological properties of combustion-derived fine and ultrafine particles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 104-117页

作者： Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio Clement Castilla Cecile Corbiere Helene Lavanant Carlos Afonso christophe Morin Nadine Merlet-Machour Laurence Chevalier Jean-Marie Vaugeois Jerome Yon Christelle Monteil Normandie Univ UNIROUENUNICAEN ABTE76000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSCOBRA76000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSGPM-UMR663476000 RouenFrance Normandie Univ UNIROUENINSA RouenCNRSCORIA76000 RouenFrance

Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine(FP) and ultrafine(UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a mini CAST(Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot generator used with two different operating conditions(CAST1 and CAST3). The chemical characterization was performed by an untargeted analysis using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry. In conjunction with this approach, subsequent analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) was performed to identify polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH). CAST1 enabled the generation of FP with a predominance of small PAH molecules, and CAST3 enabled the generation of UFP, which presented higher numbers of carbon atoms corresponding to larger PAH molecules. Healthy normal human bronchial epithelial(NHBE) cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface(ALI) were directly exposed to these freshly emitted FP and UFP. Expression of MUC5AC, FOXJ1, OCLN and ZOI as well as microscopic observation confirmed the ciliated pseudostratified epithelial phenotype. Study of the mass deposition efficiency revealed a difference between the two operating conditions, probably due to the morphological differences between the two categories of particles. We demonstrated that only NHBE cells exposed to CAST3 particles induced upregulation in the gene expression of IL-8 and NQO1. This approach offers new perspectives to study FP and UFP with stable and controlled properties.

关键词： In vitro Air-liquid interface MiniCAST Fine and ultrafine particles Organic compounds OC/TC

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THE ATHENIAN COINAGE, FROM MINES TO MARKETS

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2019年第2期34卷 189-209,328页

作者： christophe Flament University of Namur(Belgium)

This study tries to identify the main parameters determining the rhythm and scale of annual coin production in Athens by considering first the profitability of the Laurion mining *** next stage is to clarify the relationships between mining activity and monetary production by examining epigraphic documents from Athens and Delphi dealing with coin *** main conclusion is that the greatest part of the Laurion silver was converted into Athenian coins by mine lessees to defray their operating costs.

关键词： mining silver dealing

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Elastic modulus of claystone evaluated by nano-/micro-indentation tests and meso-compression tests

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 84-91页

作者： christophe Auvray Noémie Lafrance Danièle Bartier Université de Lorraine CNRS CREGU Lab. GeoRessources UMR 7359 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518 France

Toarcian claystone such as that of the Callovo-Oxfordian is a qualified multiphase material. The claystone samples tested in this study are composed of four main mineral phases: silicates(clay minerals, quartz,feldspars, micas)(z86%), sulphides(pyrite)(z3%), carbonates(calcite, dolomite)(z10%) and organic kerogen(z1%). Three sets of measurements of the modulus of deformability were compared as determined in(i) nanoindentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 2 mm,(ii) micro-indentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 20 mm, and(iii) meso-compression tests with a constant displacement of 200 mm. These three experimental methods have already been validated in earlier studies. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the influence of the scaling effect on the modulus of deformability of the material. Different frequency distributions of the modulus of deformability were obtained at the different sample scales:(i) in nano-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 15 GPa and 90 GPa and contained one peak at34 GPa and another at 51 GPa;(ii) in the micro-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 25 GPa and 60 GPa and displayed peaks at 26 GPa and 37 GPa; and(iii) in the meso-compression tests, a narrow frequency distribution was obtained, ranging from 25 GPa to 50 GPa and with a maximum at around 35 GPa.

关键词： Claystone Elastic modulus Scaling effect Nano-and micro-indentation Meso-compression tests Multi-scale mechanical tests

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Mechanical strength of soda-lime glass sandblasted by gravitation

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Friction 2015年第1期3卷 65-71页

作者： Fouad ROUMILI Saci BENBAHOUCHE Jean-christophe SANGLEBOEUF Laboratoire de Mécanique de Précision Appliquée Institut d’Optique et Mécanique de PrécisionUniversitéFerhat AbbasSétif19000Algérie Institut de Physique de Rennes UMR CNRS 6251 Bât.10BCampus de Beaulieu35042 Rennes cedexFrance

Damage to a glass surface by sandblasting has a remarkable effect on its mechanical properties and *** this study,we analyze the superficial deterioration of soda-lime glass and its influence on the mechanical *** by gravitation from a fixed height causes damages by the free fall of different quantities of sand,which we performed for a selected grain size and at different angles of *** characterize the surface state,we used different roughness measures(the arithmetic mean value of the roughness Ra,the root mean square roughness Rq,and the maximum roughness Rmax)and measured the optical transmission(transmittance)at different points on the specimen surface using a *** determine the mechanical strength,we proceeded by two methods:first,by a shock ball(falling ball),and then by biaxial bending using circular *** effects of the surface damage on the optical transmission and the mechanical strength of the glass are graphically presented and discussed in this paper.

关键词： sandblasting mechanical strength roughness soda lime glass

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A tiny dural arteriovenous fistula

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Chinese Medical Journal 2003年第7期116卷 1113-1114页

作者：张鹏朱风水凌锋 christophe COGNARD Cerebral Vascular Disease Institute Interventional Center of Xuanwu HospitalBeijing 100053 China Neurointerventional

Pulsatile tinnitus is commonly encountered in approximately 10% of a given population.1 Since causes of the disease vary, selecting appropriate protocols of imaging strategies is quite challenging.2 Vascular anormalies or diseases including anormalies of the carotid arteries and jugular veins, intracranial arteriovenous malformation and dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) are major causative factors of the disease. Before imaging studies, history inquiry and physical examination are important for detect the possible causes of pulsatile tinnitus. Different imaging examinations are depended on histories and clinical signs of different patients.

关键词： ICA A tiny dural arteriovenous fistula

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The SlSHN2 transcription factor contributes to cuticle formation and epidermal patterning in tomato fruit

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 186-205页

作者： Cecile Bres Johann Petit Nicolas Reynoud Lysiane Brocard Didier Marion Marc Lahaye Benedicte Bakan christophe Rothan UMR 1332 BFP INRAEUniversite de Bordeaux33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance Unite Biopolymeres InteractionsAssemblagesINRAEBP7162744316 Nantes Cedex 3France Univ.Bordeaux CNRSINSERMBordeaux Imaging CenterBICUMS 3420US 433000 BordeauxFrance INRA UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit Et Pathologie71 Av Edouard Bourlaux33140 Villenave d’OrnonFrance

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is an established model for studying plant cuticle because of its thick cuticle covering and embedding the epidermal cells of the *** this study,we screened an EMS mutant collection of the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom for fruit cracking mutants and found a mutant displaying a glossy fruit *** using an established mapping-by-sequencing strategy,we identified the causal mutation in the SlSHN2 transcription factor that is specifically expressed in outer epidermis of growing *** point mutation in the shn2 mutant intro-duces a K to N amino acid change in the highly conserved‘mm’domain of SHN *** cuticle from shn2 fruit showed a~fivefold reduction in cutin while abundance and composition of waxes were barely *** addition to alterations in cuticle thickness and properties,epidermal patterning and polysaccharide composition of the cuticle were *** analysis further highlighted the altered expression of hundreds of genes in the fruit exocarp of shn2,including genes associated with cuticle and cell wall formation,hormone signaling and response,and transcrip-tional *** conclusion,we showed that a point mutation in the transcriptional regulator SlSHN2 causes major changes in fruit cuticle formation and its coordination with epidermal patterning.

关键词： Mutant SHINE Cuticle Epidermis Cell wall Ethylene

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The Séchilienne (France) Landslide:a Non-typical Progressive Failure Implying Major Risks

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第2期8卷 117-123页

作者： Jean-Louis DURVILLE christophe BONNARD Pierre POTHERAT Conseil général de l'environnement et du développement durable Paris France Independent expert PBBG SA Lausanne Switzerland Centred'études techniques de l'équipement Lyon France

The National Road RN 91 has been threatened for about twenty-five years by a huge landslide, located 25 km south-east to the town of Grenoble (France). If several million cubic meters of rock fall down, the debris will dam the valley. Then the failure of the dam by overtopping and rapid erosion might result in a catastrophic flood and dramatic consequences for human life, environment and economy throughout the valley. The paper presents the hazard assessment based on geological and hydrological surveys, including small scale hydraulic tests, as well as the risk evaluation that has been performed. The risk management relies first upon a high level monitoring and an emergency plan; various mitigation strategies have been considered.

关键词：风险评估渐进破坏法国非典型滑坡人类生活流域经济水文调查

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Chemical Availability of Cd, Pb and Zn in Anthropogenically Polluted Soil: Assessing the Geochemical Reactivity and Oral Bioaccessibility

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Pedosphere 2017年第3期27卷 616-629页

作者： christophe WATERLOT Francis DOUAY Aurélie PELFRENE Yncréa Hauts-de-France Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo Environnement (LGCgE)

The most recent in vitro tests used to determine metal bioaccessiblility are generally time-consuming and expensive. This study aimed at determining potential relationships between the concentrations of metals extracted using single-extraction methods and the concentrations of bioaccessible metals assessed by a harmonised in vitro test, the Unified BARGE Method(UBM). A total number of 27 soil samples were collected from kitchen gardens and lawns with various physicochemical parameters and contamination *** relationships were obtained between Cd, Pb and Zn extracted in gastric and gastrointestinal phases and using single extractions. The best relationhips were established using acetic and citric acids for Cd, whereas for Pb, citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) were identified as the best extractants. These relationships were improved by means of a linear multiple regression with a downward stepwise procedure involving agronomic parameters(soil cation exchange capacity and assimilated P). This method highlighted the fact that the cation exchange capacity and P contents in soils were the two main parameters that controlled the human bioaccessibility of Cd, Pb and Zn in the gastric phase. Besides, the metal concentrations extracted with the acetic and citric acids correlated well with the metal concentrations in the gastric and gastrointestinal phases, suggesting that the bioaccessible metals were mainly in a soluble form, weakly bound to the organic matter and associated with the carbonates and the Fe and Mn oxides/hydroxides in soils.

关键词：生物有效性污染土壤地球化学反应有效性评价人类活动 Pb 阳离子交换容量化学性

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Management of renal replacement therapy among adults in French intensive care units: A bedside practice evaluation

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2023年第2期3卷 147-154页

作者： Florian Jolly Marine Jacquier Delphine Pecqueur Marie Labruyère christophe Vinsonneau Isabelle Fournel Jean-Pierre Quenot The READIAL Study group Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation CHU Dijon-BourgogneDijon 21000France Equipe Lipness Centre de recherche INSERM UMR1231 et LabEx LipSTICUniversitéde Bourgogne-Franche ComtéDijon 21000France INSERM CIC 1432Module Epidémiologie CliniqueDijon 21000France CHU Dijon-Bourgogne Centre d’Investigation CliniqueModule Epidémiologie Clinique/Essais CliniquesDijon 21000France Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation-Unitéde Sevrage Ventilatoire et Réhabilitation CH de BethuneBethune 62408France 不详

Background:This study aimed to investigate renal replacement therapy (RRT) practices in a representative nationwide sample of French intensive care units (ICUs).Methods:From July 1 to October 5 2021, 67 French ICUs provided data regarding their ICU and RRT implementation. We used an online questionnaire to record general data about each participating ICU, including the type of hospital, number of beds, staff ratios, and RRT implementation. Each center then prospectively recorded RRT parameters from 5 consecutive acute kidney injury (AKI) patients, namely the indication, type of dialysis catheter used, type of catheter lock used, type of RRT (continuous or intermittent), the RRT parameters initially prescribed (dose, blood flow, and duration), and the anticoagulant agent used for the ***:A total of 303 patients from 67 ICUs were analyzed. Main indications for RRT were oligo-anuria (57.4%), metabolic acidosis (52.1%), and increased plasma urea levels (47.9%). The commonest insertion site was the right internal jugular (45.2%). In 71.0% of cases, the dialysis catheter was inserted by a resident. Ultrasound guidance was used in 97.0% and isovolumic connection in 90.1%. Citrate, unfractionated heparin, and saline were used as catheter locks in 46.9%, 24.1%, and 21.1% of cases, ***:Practices in French ICUs are largely compliant with current national guidelines and international literature. The findings should be interpreted in light of the limitations inherent to this type of study.

关键词： Renal replacement therapy Acute kidney injury Intensive care unit Practice evaluation Bedside

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含硫铁物料脱硫工艺技术现状

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矿产综合利用 2022年第6期43卷 116-123页

作者：罗立群雷严明 Niyonzima Jean christophe 武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院矿物资源加工与环境湖北省重点实验室湖北武汉430070

硫在含铁物料的开发利用中是有害杂质元素,因此需要脱除。本文介绍了含铁物料中硫的来源、产出特征与危害,归纳了以浮选法、焙烧法、浸出法处理含铁物料脱硫的技术现状,介绍了此3种脱硫方法的适用条件、应用特色,并比较了各自的优缺点... 详细信息

硫在含铁物料的开发利用中是有害杂质元素,因此需要脱除。本文介绍了含铁物料中硫的来源、产出特征与危害,归纳了以浮选法、焙烧法、浸出法处理含铁物料脱硫的技术现状,介绍了此3种脱硫方法的适用条件、应用特色,并比较了各自的优缺点。展望未来含硫铁物料脱硫研究与发展方向,指出浮选法需合理选择磨选流程和药剂制度,注重铜离子复合活化剂、黄药类组合捕收剂提高浮选脱硫指标;焙烧法根据含硫矿物组成和热力学性质选择合适的焙烧炉型、筛选适宜的热工制度;生物浸出应结合多形态硫元素的迁移演变特征,培育良性高效菌种、实施短周期高效浸出,以实现高效脱硫。

关键词：含铁物料脱硫黄铁矿氧化焙烧生物浸出

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