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Do aphids actively search for ant partners？

Insect Science 2015年第2期22卷 283-288页

作者： christophe Y. fischer Maryse Vanderplanck Georges C. Lognay Claire Detrain Francois J. Verheggen Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Research Institute of Biosciences Laboratory of Zoology University of Mons Mons Unit of Social Ecology Universit6 Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Gembloux Belgium

The aphid-ant mutnalistic relationships are not necessarily obligate for neither partners but evidence is that such interactions provide them strong advantages in terms of global fitness. While it is largely assumed that ants actively search for their mutualistic partners namely using volatile cues; whether winged aphids （i.e., aphids＇ most mobile form） are able to select ant-frequented areas had not been investigated so far. Ant-frequented sites would indeed offer several advantages for these aphids including a lower predation pressure through ant presence and enhanced chances of establishing mutuaslistic interactions with neighbor ant colonies. In the field, aphid colonies are often observed in higher densities around ant nests, which is probably linked to a better survival ensured by ants＇ services. Nevertheless, this could also result from a preferential establishment of winged aphids in ant-frequented areas. We tested this last hypothesis through different ethological assays and show that the facultative myrmecophilous black bean aphid, Aphisfabae L., does not orientate its search for a host plant preferentially toward ant-frequented plants. However, our results suggest that ants reduce the number of winged aphids leaving the newly colonized plant. Thus, ants involved in facultative myrmecophilous interactions with aphids appear to contribute to structure aphid populations in the field by ensuring a better establishment and survival of newly established colonies rather than by inducing a deliberate plant selection by aphid partners based on the proximity of ant colonies.

关键词： ant aphid Aphisfabae Lasius niger mutualism partner research

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Bacteria may contribute to distant species recognition in ant-aphid mutualistic relationships

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Insect Science 2017年第2期24卷 278-284页

作者： christophe Y. fischer Claire Detrain Philippe Thonart Eric Haubruge Frederic Francis Francois J. Verheggen Georges C. Lognay Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Unit of Social Ecology Universite Libre de Bruxelles CP231 50 avenue F. Roosevelt B-1050 Brussels Walloon Center of Industrial Biology University of Liege B40 Sart-Tilman 4000 Liege 4Functional and Evolutionary Entomology University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Passage des Deportes 2 5030 Gembloux Belgium

Mutualistic interactions between ant and aphid species have been the subject of considerable historical and contemporary investigations, the primary benefits being clean- ing and protection for the aphids and carbohydrate-rich honeydew for the ants. Questions remained, however, as to the volatile semiochemical factor influencing this relationship. A recent study highlighted the role of bacterial honeydew volatile compounds in ant at- traction. Here, ant＇s ability to distantly discriminate 2 aphid species was investigated based on bacterial honeydew semiochemicals emissions using a two-way olfactometer. Both the mutualistic aphid Aphis fabae L. and the nonmyrmecophilous aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris were found to be attractive for the ant Lasius niger L. The level of attraction was similar in both assays （control vs. one of the aphid species）. However, when given a choice between these 2 aphid species, ants showed a significant preference for Aphis fabae. Honeydew volatiles, mostly from bacterial origins, are known to be a key element in ant attraction. Using the same olfactometry protocol, the relative attractiveness of volatiles emitted by honeydews collected from each aphid species and by bacteria isolated from each honeydew was investigated. Again, ants significantly preferred volatiles released by Aphis fabae honeydew and bacteria. This information suggests that microbial honeydew volatiles enable ants to distantly discriminate aphid species. These results strengthen the interest of studying the occurrence and potential impact of microorganisms in insect symbioses.

关键词： ant aphid bacteria honeydew mutualism recognition VOC

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Development of a Performant Method for Glucocapparin Determination in Boscia senegalensis Lam Ex. Poir.: A Study of the Variability

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2013年第2期4卷 104-110页

作者： Momar Talla Gueye Dogo Seck Abdoulaye Diallo Danny Trisman christophe fischer Jean-Paul Barthelemy Jean-Paul Wathelet Georges Lognay Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Unit Analysis Quality Risks—Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry University of Liege Gembloux Belgium Institute of Food Technology (ITA) Hann-Dakar Senegal Regional Centre for Research in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety (CERES/Locustox) Dakar Senegal University of Liege Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Unit of General and Organic Chemistry Gembloux Belgique

This study describes a glucocapparin determination method. Based on rapeseed determination of glucosinolate (GSL), the equation of the average straight regression line is Y = 100.42X – 0.03 (R2 = 0.9998). Enzymatic hydrolysis of glucocapparin extracted from leaves and fruits of B. senegalensis, analyzed by SPME-GC-MS confirmed the presence of methylisothiocyanate as the main hydrolysis glucocapparin product. Monitoring glucocapparin contents in B. senegalensis leaves and fruits collected in 4 localities in Senegal showed differences between organs according localities and periods of harvest. Glucocapparin content was very high in dry season particularly in January and the lowest rates were recorded during the rainy period between August and November.

关键词： Boscia Senegalensis Validation Method Glucocapparin Monitoring Senegal

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Fast-GC Quantification of Harmonine,the Major Defense Alkaloid of the Multicolored Asian Ladybird Harmonia axyridis(Pallas)

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012年第1期3卷 67-75页

作者： christophe Y.fischer Pascal Laurent Stephanie Heuskin Delphine Durieux Eric Haubruge Francois J.Verheggen Georges C.Lognay Department of Analytical Chemistry Gembloux Agro-Bio TechLiege UniversityLiegeBelgium Department of General and Organic Chemistry Gembloux Agro-Bio TechLiege UniversityLiegeBelgium Department of Biological and Industrial Chemistry Gembloux Agro-Bio TechLiege UniversityLiegeBelgium Department of Functional and Evolutionary Entomology Gembloux Agro-Bio TechLiege UniversityLiegeBelgium

These last few years the multicolored Asian ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), previously introduced in Europe and North America as a biological control agent, has swiftly spread out on those territories and turns out to be a pest in several ways. In order to improve understanding of several key points of the biology of this ladybird, a novel fast-GC method of quantification of harmonine, the main defense alkaloid of H. axyridis, has been designed and validated using the accuracy profile concept for concentrations ranging from 13 to 264 μg/individual. This method allows quantifying harmonine in a single insect with a maximal error risk of 20%. For ladybirds collected in spring, mean harmonine concentration observed was 106.6 μg/individual with a very high standard deviation of 80.2 μg/individual, which can easily be explained by the strong asymmetry of the results distribution. Males and females seem equally chemically protected as the harmonine concentration did not significantly differ between sexes. This method is currently used to improve our comprehension of several key points of H. axyridis biology including aggregation behavior and aposematism.

关键词： Alkaloid Harmonine Harmonia axyridis Fast-GC Validation

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急性缺血性卒中的机械取栓治疗：ESO、ESMINT、ESNR和EAN共同支持的2014／2015 ESO-卡罗林斯卡卒中更新会议共识声明

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国际脑血管病杂志 2016年第1期24卷 1-12页

作者： Nils Wahlgren Tiago Moreira Patrik Michel Thorsten Steiner Olav Jansen christophe Cognard Heinrich P Mattle Wim van Zwam Staffan Holmin Turgut Tatlisumak Jesper Petersson Valeria Caso Werner Hacke Mikael Mazighi Marcel Arnold Urs fischer Istvan Szikora Laurent Pierot Jens Fiehler Jan Gralla Franz Fazekas Kennedy R Lees 高洁徐格林不详南京军区南京总医院神经内科 210002

这份卒中后机械取栓治疗共识声明的原始版本于2014年11月16—18日在斯德哥尔摩召开的欧洲卒中组织（European Stroke Organisation, ESO）-卡罗林斯卡卒中更新会议期间得到批准。根据会议安排，在2015年利用新的临床试验数据对该声明进... 详细信息

这份卒中后机械取栓治疗共识声明的原始版本于2014年11月16—18日在斯德哥尔摩召开的欧洲卒中组织（European Stroke Organisation, ESO）-卡罗林斯卡卒中更新会议期间得到批准。根据会议安排，在2015年利用新的临床试验数据对该声明进行了更新。2015年2月，在瑞士伯尔尼召开的ESO冬季培训会期间组织了面对面会议对共识声明进行修订，然后通过电子邮件交换意见，最终版本得到各学会的认可。推荐意见与原始版本一致，证据等级更新到2015年2月20日为止，在2015年5月15日获得确认。ESO-卡罗林斯卡卒中更新会议的目的在于总结卒中治疗研究的最新进展并探讨如何将这些最新研究结果应用于临床实践。共识会议选择了一些议题进行讨论，与会者草拟一份共识声明并进行讨论。该声明接受了ESO指南委员会的指导。这份共识声明包括对急性卒中后机械取栓治疗的推荐意见，得到欧洲卒中组织ESO、欧洲神经微创治疗学会（European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy, ESMINT）、欧洲神经放射学学会（European Society of Neuroradiology, ESNR）和欧洲神经病学学会（European Academy of Neurology, EAN）的支持。

关键词：推荐共识声明急性卒中治疗机械取栓血管内

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