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Validation of the Suitability of Stripped Lipid as a Skin Model in Plasma Medical Investigations

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2015年第2期5卷 40-49页

作者： Joanna Hirschberg christoph gerhard Andrea Braun Stefan Grottker Alexander Krupp Steffen Emmert Wolfgang Viol Department of Sciences and Technology HAWK University of Applied Sciences and ArtsGottingenGermany Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films IST Application Center for Plasma and Photonic APPGottingenGermany Department of Dermatology Venerology and AllergologyUniversity Medical Center GottingenGottingenGermany

In this work, the suitability of lipid stripping as an alternative model of stratum corneum for plasma medical studies was investigated. Plasma treatment experiments were performed on samples prepared by the cyanoacrylat stripping method. Therefore, two different dielectric barrier discharge-based plasma sources driven by high-voltage pulses in the microsecond and nanosecond range were applied. The lipid sample heating, change in pH-value, and the interaction with plasma-induced UV-radiation are presented and discussed with respect to existing findings on skin samples. After the plasma treatment, the lipid stripping shows similar changes compared to human skin relating to sample heating and pH-value. The investigation of the interplay with UV- radiation shows a high absorption in the wavelength range of 250 nm up to 400 nm. Further, the thickness, surface structure, and composition of lipid stripping samples were determined. The stripped sample shows a thickness of 3 ± 1 μm whereby approximately 30% of the sample surface is covered by lipids. In addition, it was shown that there are no changes in structure caused by the sample preparation. Based on the results of this work, it can be stated that lipid stripping represents an appropriate skin model for plasma medical investigations.

关键词： Lipid Stripping Skin Model Plasma Medicine Dielectric Barrier Discharge

Wheat zinc finger protein TaZF interacts with both the powdery mildew AvrPm2 protein and the corresponding wheat Pm2a immune receptor

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Plant Communications 2024年第5期5卷 25-41页

作者： Beatrice Manser Helen Zbinden gerhard Herren Joel Steger Jonatan Isaksson Stephanie Braunlich Thomas Wicker Beat Keller Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of ZurichZollikerstrasse 1078008 ZurichSwitzerland Agroscope Route de Duillier 501260 NyonSwitzerland BIOREBA AG Christoph Merian-Ring 74153 ReinachSwitzerland

Plant defense responses to pathogens are induced after direct or indirect perception of effector proteins or their activity on host *** fungal–plant interactions,relatively little is known about whether,in addi-tion to avirulence effectors and immune receptors,other proteins contribute to specific *** nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NLR)immune receptor Pm2a in wheat recognizes the fungal pow-dery mildew effector *** found that the predicted wheat zincfinger TaZF interacts with both the fungal avirulence protein AvrPm2 and the wheat NLR *** further demonstrated that the virulent AvrPm2-H2 variant does not interact with *** silencing in wheat resulted in a reduction but not a loss of Pm2a-mediated powdery mildew *** studies showed that the leucine-rich repeat domain of Pm2a is the mediator of the interaction with *** recruits both Pm2a and AvrPm2 from the cytosol to the nucleus,resulting in nuclear localization of Pm2a,TaZF,and AvrPm2 in *** propose that TaZF acts as a facilitator of Pm2a-dependent AvrPm2 effector *** highlight the importance of identifying effector host targets for characterization of NLR-mediated effector recognition.

关键词： plant immunity plant-fungal interactions pathogen effectors nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptor NLR wheat powdery mildew

Increase in Generation of Poly-Crystalline Silicon by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Assisted Excimer Laser Annealing

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2013年第6期3卷 346-351页

作者： Alexander Gredner christoph gerhard Stephan Wieneke Kai Schmidt Wolfgang Viol Laboratory for Laser and Plasma Technologies University of Applied Sciences and Arts G6ttingen 3 7085 Germany Application Center for Plasma and Photonic Fraunhofer Institute for Surface Engineering and Thin Films GOttingen 37085Germany Coherent Laser Systems GmbH & Co. KG Gottingen 37079 Germany

In this work, a novel atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted excimer laser annealing method for increasing the generation efficiency of poly-crystalline silicon from amorphous silicon layers is presented. Here, both the plasma and the laser propagate coaxially in order to generate energetic synergies. The influence of different process gases and plasma discharge modes as well as the working distance were investigated. Depending on the particularly applied plasma, the crystalline area was increased by a factor of approx. 1.1 to 1.9, where the highest efficiency was observed when introducing an argon plasma beam to the annealing process.

关键词：等离子体辅助准分子雷射激光退火多晶硅常压生成效率激光传播协同作用

Budesonide induces complete remission in autoimmune hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第9期12卷 1362-1366页

作者： Antal Csepregi christoph R(o|¨)cken gerhard Treiber Peter Malfertheiner Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious DiseasesOtto-von-Guericke UniversityLeipziger Str 4439120 MagdeburgGermany Institute of Pathology Otto-von-Guericke University Leipziger Str 4439120 MagdeburgGermany

AIM： Prednisone and azathioprine represent the standard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis （AIH）. However, only 65% of the patients enter complete histological remission. Recently, budesonide （BUD） was reported to be a promising alternative. In this study we assessed the efficacy and safety of BUD in AIH. METHODS： Eighteen patients （12 women, 6 men; mean age 45.4±21 years） with AIH were treated with BUD （Budenofalk） 3 mg thrice daily and followed up for at least 24 wk. Seven patients also had features of primary biliary cirrhosis （n = 5） or primary sclerosing cholangitis （n = 2）. Advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis was present in RESULTS： Fifteen （83%） patients had a complete clinical and biochemical remission. Ten patients, including five with acute hepatitis, were given BUD as first-line therapy, of which seven enter remission. Three patients, two with liver cirrhosis, did not improve. All patients with second-line therapy experienced long-term remission. A histological remission was also seen in three patients. Clinically relevant BUD-induced side effects were recorded only in patients with liver cirrhosis （n = 4）. CONCLUSION： BUD is effective in remission induction in the majority of our patients with AIH. Side effects and treatment failure was mainly observed in patients with liver cirrhosis.

关键词： Budesonide Autoimmune hepatitis Complete remission Adverse events

Acute exacerbation of autoimmune hepatitis induced by Twinrix

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第26期11卷 4114-4116页

作者： Antal Csepregi gerhard Treiber christoph R(o|¨)cken Peter Malfertheiner Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious Diseases Department of Pathology Otto-von-Guericke University Leipziger Str. 44 Magdeburg 39120 Germany

We report on a 26-year-old man who presented with severe jaundice and elevated serum liver enzyme activities after having received a dose of Twinrix? In his past medical history, jaundice or abnormal liver function tests were never recorded. Following admission, an elevated immunoglobulin G level and antinuclear antibodies at a titer of 320 with a homogenous pattern were found. Histology of a liver biopsy showed marked bridging liver fibrosis and a chronic inflammation, compatible with autoimmune hepatitis. Treatment was started with budesonide and ursodeoxycholic acid, and led to complete normalization of the pathological liver function tests. We believe that Twinrix led to an acute exacerbation of an unrecognized autoimmune hepatitis in our patient. The pathogenesis remains to be clarified. It is tempting to speculate that inactivated hepatitis A virus and/or recombinant surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus -as seen in patients with chronic hepatitis C and unrecognized autoimmune hepatitis who were treated with interferon alpha-might have been responsible for disease exacerbation.

关键词： Twinrix Autoimmune hepatitis Budesonide

Effects of Exposure to GSM Mobile Phone Base Station Signals on Salivary Cortisol,Alpha-Amylase,and Immunoglobulin A

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第3期23卷 199-207页

作者： christoph AUGNER gerhard W.HACKER GERD OBERFELD MATTHIAS FLORIAN WOLFGANG HITZL JORG HUTTER GERNOT PAUSER IGGMB-Research Institute for Frontier Questions of Medicine and Biotechnology Salzburg Federal Hospital-University Clinics of the Paracelsus Medical Private UniversitySalzburg Federal Clinics(SALK)SalzburgAustria Public Health Department Salzburg SalzburgAustria Research office Paracelsus Medical Private UniversityComma SalzburgAustria University Clinic of Surgery Salzburg Federal Hospital University Clinics of the Paracelsus Medical Private UniversitySalzburg Federal Clinics(SALK)SalzburgAustria University Clinic for Anesthesiology Perioperative Medicine and General Intensive CareSalzburg Federal Hospital-University Clinics of the Paracelsus Medical Private UniversitySalzburg Federal Clinics(SALK)SalzburgAustria

Objective The present study aimed to test whether exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields （RF-EMF） emitted by mobile phone base stations may have effects on salivary alpha-amylase, immunoglobulin A （IgA）, and cortisol levels. Methods Fifty seven participants were randomly allocated to one of three different experimental scenarios （22 participants to scenario 1, 26 to scenario 2, and 9 to scenario 3）. Each participant went through five 50-minute exposure sessions. The main RF-EMF source was a GSM-900-MHz antenna located at the outer wall of the building. In scenarios 1 and 2, the first, third, and fifth sessions were ＂low＂（median power flux density 5.2 μW/m^2） exposure. The second session was ＂high＂（2126.8 μW/m^2）, and the fourth session was ＂medium＂（153.6 μW/m^2） in scenario 1, and vice versa in scenario 2. Scenario 3 had four ＂low＂ exposure conditions, followed by a ＂high＂ exposure condition. Biomedical parameters were collected by saliva samples three times a session. Exposure levels were created by shielding curtains. Results In scenario 3 from session 4 to session 5 （from ＂low＂ to ＂high＂ exposure）, an increase of cortisol was detected, while in scenarios 1 and 2, a higher concentration of alpha-amylase related to the baseline was identified as compared to that in scenario 3. IgA concentration was not significantly related to the exposure. Conclusions RF-EMF in considerably lower field densities than ICNIRP-gnidelines may influence certain psychobiological stress markers.

关键词： GSM base stations Mobile phone Salivary IgA Alpha amylase Cortisol Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF)

确保高能效离心泵在预定工作范围内运行——为流程工业提供自动化解决方案

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流程工业 2011年第19期 42-42,44-46页

作者： gerhard Berge christoph Emde KSB Aktiengesellschaft公司

离心泵所执行的流体输送任务对我们的日常生活和工业过程的可靠运行都具有极为重要的意义，因此可靠性就成为了离心泵运行的关键衡量标准之一。德国约30％的电量都被消耗在泵及其电动驱动装置上，用以推动生活中不可或缺的流程工业。很... 详细信息

离心泵所执行的流体输送任务对我们的日常生活和工业过程的可靠运行都具有极为重要的意义，因此可靠性就成为了离心泵运行的关键衡量标准之一。德国约30％的电量都被消耗在泵及其电动驱动装置上，用以推动生活中不可或缺的流程工业。很明显，泵及电动驱动装置在提升能效和降低排放量方面具有极其重要的意义。

关键词：流程工业可靠运行离心泵能效自动化预定驱动装置工业过程

SEMS vs cSEMS in duodenal and small bowel obstruction:High risk of migration in the covered stent group

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第37期19卷 6199-6206页

作者： Oliver Waidmann Jrg Trojan Mireen Friedrich-Rust christoph Sarrazin Wolf Otto Bechstein Frank Ulrich Stefan Zeuzem Jrg gerhard Albert Med-izinische Klinik 1 Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie und Hepatolo-gieKlinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitt Klinik für Allgemein und Viszeralchirurgie Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitt

AIM:To compare clinical success and complications of uncovered self-expanding metal stents(SEMS)vs covered SEMS(cSEMS)in obstruction of the small ***:Technical success,complications and outcome of endoscopic SEMS or cSEMS placement in tumor related obstruction of the duodenum or jejunum were retrospectively *** primary end points were rates of stent migration and *** end points were the effect of concomitant biliary drainage on migration rate and overall *** data was analyzed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology ***:Thirty-two SEMS were implanted in 20 *** all patients,endoscopic stent implantation was *** migration was observed in 9 of16 cSEMS(56%)in comparison to 0/16 SEMS(0%)implantations(P=0.002).Stent overgrowth did not significantly differ between the two stent types(SEMS:3/16,19%;cSEMS:2/16,13%).One cSEMS dislodged and had to be recovered from the jejunum by way of *** until migration between SEMS and cSEMS in patients with and without concomitant biliary stents did not significantly differ(HR=1.530,95%CI0.731-6.306;P=0.556).The mean follow-up was 57±71 d(range:1-275 d).CONCLUSION:SEMS and cSEMS placement is safe in small bowel tumor ***,cSEMS is accompanied with a high rate of migration in comparison to uncovered SEMS.

关键词： Endoscopy Digestive system Intestinal neoplasms Self-expandable metal stents Tumor obstruction Self-expandable metal stents complications

Intraductal endoscopic radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hilar non-resectable malignant bile duct obstruction

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2014年第1期6卷 13-19页

作者： Andrea Oliver Tal Johannes Vermehren Mireen FriedrichRust Jrg Bojunga christoph Sarrazin Stefan Zeuzem Jrg Trojan Jrg gerhard Albert Medizinische Klinik 1 Universittsklinikum Frankfurt

AIM: To evaluate the safety and technical success of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for palliative treatment of malignant hilar bile duct obstruction. METHODS: In this study, a recently CE and FDA-approved endoscopic RFA catheter was first tested in an ex vivo pig liver model to study the effect of electrosurgical variables on the extent of the area of induced necrosis. Subsequently, a retrospective analysis was conducted of all patients treated with endoscopic RFA for malignant biliary obstruction at our center between February 2012 and April 2013. All patients received an additional plastic stent implantation into the biliary tree following RFA. RESULTS: In the pig model, ablation time of 60-90 seconds using the bipolar soft coagulation mode at 8-10 watts with an effect of 8 was found to be the most feasible setting. Twelve patients(5 females, 7 males; mean age, 70 years) underwent 19 endoscopic RFA(range, 1-5) sessions. Deployment of RFA was successful in all patients. Systemic chemotherapy was administered in four patients. We observed biliary bleeding 4-6 wk after the intervention in three cases and two of these patients died: in one patient, spontaneous hemobilia occurred, whereas bleeding started during stent extraction in the other. In the third patient, bleeding was stopped by insertion of a non-covered self-expanding metal stent. Another three patients developed cholangitis during follow-up. Seven patients died during follow-up and median survival was 6.4 mo(95%CI: 0.05-12.7) from the time of the first RFA. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic RFA is an easy to perform and technically highly successful procedure. However, hemobilia possibly associated with RFA occurred in three of our patients. Therefore, larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of this promising new method.

关键词： Radiofrequency ablation Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Endoscopy Cholangiography Bile duct cancer Cholangiocarcinoma