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A Reinforcement Learning approach for the continuous electricity market ofGermany: Trading from the perspective of a wind park operator

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Energy and AI 2022年第2期8卷 67-78页

作者： Malte Lehna Björn Hoppmann christoph Scholz RenéHeinrich Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology(IEE) Königstor 5934119 KasselGermany

With the rising extension of renewable energies, the intraday electricity markets have recorded a growingpopularity amongst traders as well as electric utilities to cope with the induced volatility of the energysupply. Through their short trading horizon and continuous nature, the intraday markets offer the abilityto adjust trading decisions from the day-ahead market or reduce trading risk in a short-term notice. Producersof renewable energies utilize the intraday market to lower their forecast risk, by modifying their providedcapacities based on current forecasts. However, the market dynamics are complex due to the fact that thepower grids have to remain stable and electricity is only partly storable. Consequently, robust and intelligenttrading strategies are required that are capable to operate in the intraday market. In this work, we proposea novel autonomous trading approach based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms as a possiblesolution. For this purpose, we model the intraday trade as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and employ theProximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm as our DRL approach. A simulation framework is introducedthat enables the trading of the continuous intraday price in a resolution of one minute steps. We test ourframework in a case study from the perspective of a wind park operator. We include next to general tradeinformation both price and wind forecasts. On a test scenario of German intraday trading results from 2018,we are able to outperform multiple baselines with at least 45.24% improvement, showing the advantage of theDRL algorithm. However, we also discuss limitations and enhancements of the DRL agent, in order to increasethe performance in future works.

关键词： Deep Reinforcement Learning German intraday electricity trading Deep neural networks Markov Decision Process Proximal Policy Optimization Electricity price forecast

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Second-generation direct-acting-antiviral hepatitis C virus treatment: Efficacy, safety, and predictors of SVR12

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第35期22卷 8050-8059页

作者： christoph R Werner Julia M Schwarz Daniel P Egetemeyr Robert Beck Nisar P Malek Ulrich M Lauer christoph P Berg Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectiology University Hospital Tübingen Institute of Medical Virology University Hospital Tübingen

AIM To gather data on the antiviral efficacy and safety of second generation direct acting antiviral(DAA) treatment with respect to sustained virological response(SVR) 12 wk after conclusion of treatment, and to determine predictors of SVR12 in this *** Two hundred and sixty patients treated with SOF combination partners PR(n = 51), R(n = 10), SMV(n = 30), DCV(n = 81), LDV(n = 73), or 3D(n = 15).144/260 were pre-treated, 89/260 had liver cirrhosis, 56/260 had portal hypertension with platelets < 100/nL, 25/260 had a MELD score ≥ 10 and 17/260 were postliver transplantation patients. 194/260 had HCV GT1, 44/260 HCV *** Two hundred and forty/256(93.7%) patients achieved SVR12(m ITT); 4/260 were lost to follow-up. SVR12 rates for subgroups were: 92% for SOF/DCV, 93% for each SOF/SMV, SOF/PR, 94% for SOF/LDV, 100% for 3D, 94% for pretreated, 87% for liver cirrhosis, 82% for patients with platelets < 100/n L, 88% post-liver transplantation, 95% for GT1 a, 93% for GT1 b, 90% for GT3, 100% for GT2, 4, and 6. 12 patients suffered from relapse, 6 prematurely discontinued treatment, of which 4 died. Negative predictors of SVR12 were a platelet count < 100/nL, MELD score ≥ 10(P < 0.0001), liver cirrhosis(P = 0.005) at baseline. In Interferonfree treatment GT3 had significantly lower SVR rates than GT1(P = 0.016). Side effects were mild. CONCLUSION Excellent SVR12 rates and the favorable side-effect profile of DAA-combination therapy can be well translated into "real-world". Patients with advanced liver disease, signs of portal hypertension, especially with platelets < 100/n L and patients with GT3 are in special need for further research efforts to overcome comparatively higher rates of virological failure.

关键词： Sofosbuvir Simeprevir Ledipasvir Hepatitis C Liver transplant Sustained virological response Liver cirrhosis Side effects Resistance Daclatasvir

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Long-term follow-up of cataract surgery in eyes filled with silicone oil

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第1期14卷 72-75页

作者： Piotr Kanclerz christoph Leisser Andrzej Grzybowski Pawel Lipowski Hygeia Clinic Gdańsk 80-286Poland VIROS-Vienna Institute for Research in Ocular Surgery a Karl Landsteiner InstituteVienna 1140Austria Hanusch Hospital Vienna 1140Austria Department of Ophthalmology University of Warmia and MazuryOlsztyn 10-082Poland Institute for Research in Ophthalmology Foundation for Ophthalmology DevelopmentPoznan 60-554Poland Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of GdańskGdańsk 80-952Poland

AIM:To evaluate the refractive and long-term outcome of eyes filled with silicone oil(SO)undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery(PCS).METHODS:This retrospective study evaluated patients with SO tamponade who were scheduled for ***:Subjects(n=26)were followed for 29.5±13.9 mo after cataract *** median spherical equivalent refraction(SER)was+5.3 D[interquartile range(IQR)+2.9 to+6.7]before PCS,and+3.4 D(IQR+2.0 to+4.4)after *** the follow-up period retinal reattachment after SO removal was achieved in 15 out of 26 eyes(57.7%).In 13 eyes assessment of refraction after SO-removal was possible,and showed a myopic shift of-4.6 D(IQR-2.9 to-7.3)in the *** SO removal,5 of the 13 eyes(38.5%)were within±1.0 D of the target refraction,while 9 out of the 13 eyes(69.2%)were within±2.0 ***:In our study,the refraction after PCS for eyes filled with SO manifested low predictability,as did the myopic shift following SO removal.A significant percentage of the eyes that underwent SO administration required a long-term tamponade.

关键词： biometry cataract surgery intraocular lens outcomes phacoemulsification refraction silicone oil

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Role of Calcium Magnesium Aluminate in Carbon-containing Bricks for Steel Ladle

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China's Refractories 2021年第1期30卷 23-30页

作者： GAO Jianying WOHRMEYER christoph DETEUF Cyrille Imerys Aluminates(China)Co. Ltd.Tianjin 300457China Imerys Aluminates Puteaux 92800France

Calcium magnesium aluminate,with the commercial name of MagArmour,is a synthetic material consisting of 70 mass%Al_(2)O_(3),20 mass%MgO and 10 mass%CaO,*** is characterized by porous microstructure,intergranular aluminates phases and micro-crystalline *** globally launched in 2017,MagArmour has been successfully applied to various carbon-containing refractories serving for steel refining *** of cases have demonstrated the role of MagArmour in enhancing the service life of carbon containing bricks for ladle *** benefits embody in formation of protective coating on hot surface,relief of drilling corrosion in joint positions,and elimination of grooves or cracks caused by mechanical stress *** addition,MagArmour is effective in protecting graphite from deep oxidization so as to be capable of replacing the metallic or carbide anti-oxidants in carbon-containing bricks *** means of chemical analysis and microstructural dissection,postmortem investigations on the used MgO-C bricks from both metal and slag zones of 120t steel refining ladle were conducted to clarify the working mechanism of *** formation of protective coating on hot face is attributed to the dissolution of micro-crystalline spinel into contacting slag,which changes the slag chemistry so as to enhance *** improvement in corrosion/erosion resistance is highly related to the porous microstructure and dispersive *** well known,evaporation of Mg,Al and SiO,and/or internal migration,occurs in MgO-C bricks at elevated *** gaseous phases are absorbed by MagArmour particles due to the high surface area of porous microstructure and condense as corresponding *** oxides react with the intergranular calcium aluminates forming liquid *** increasing temperature,the liquid phase seeps into the matrix under capillary *** increased liquid amount improves the flexibility of the matrix and thus releases th

关键词： calcium magnesium aluminate MagArmour protective coating flexibility oxidation resistance

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Diagnostic criteria for acute liver failure due to Wilson disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第11期13卷 1711-1714页

作者： christoph Eisenbach Olivia Sieg Wolfgang Stremmel Jens Encke Uta Merle University Hospital of Heidelberg Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Im Neuenheimer Feld 410 Heidelberg D-69120 Germany

AIM： To describe the diagnostic criteria for acute liver failure due to Wilson disease （WD）, which is an uncommon cause of acute liver failure （ALF）. METHODS： We compared findings of patients presenting with ALF due to WD to those with ALF of other etiologies. RESULTS： Previously described criteria, such as low alkaline phosphatase activity, ratio of low alkaline phosphatase to total bilirubin or ratio of high aspartate arninotransferase （AST） to alanine arninotransferase （ALT）, failed to identify patients with ALF due to WD. There were significant differences in low ALT and AST activities （53 ± 43 vs 1982 ± 938, P 〈 0.0001 and 87 ± 44 vs 2756 ± 2941, P = 0.037, respectively）, low choline esterase activity （1.79 ± 1.2 vs 4.30 ± 1.2, P = 0.009）, high urine copper concentrations （93.4 ± 144.0 vs 3.5 ± 1.8, P = 0.001） and low hemoglobin （7.0 ± 2.2 vs 12.6 ± 1.8, P 〈 0.0001） in patients with ALF caused by WD as compared with other etiologies. Interestingly, 4 of 7 patients with ALF due to WD survived without liver transplantation. CONCLUSION： In ALF, these criteria can help establish a diagnosis of WD. Where applicable, slitlamp examination for presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings and liver biopsy for determination of hepatic copper concentration still remain important for the diagnosis of ALF due to WD. The need for liver transplantation should be evaluated carefully as the prognosis is not necessarily fatal.

关键词： Acute liver failure Copper metabolism Fulminant hepatic failure Wilson disease Liver transplantation

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Estimated prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis in rac-coon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides in northern Branden- burg, Germany

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 655-661页

作者： Sabine SCHWARZ Astrid SUTOR christoph STAUBACH Roswitha MATTIS Kirsten TACKMANN Franz Josef CONRATHS Friedrich-Loeffier-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Institute of Epidemiology 16868 Wusterhausen Germany

Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of the small fox tapeworm, is a lethal zoonotic infection if left untreated. E. multilocularis is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and lives in the small intestines of carnivores, mainly canids. The main definitive host of E. multilocularis in European countries is the red fox Vulpes vulpes and in the last ten years new endemic areas for the parasite in Central Europe have been identified. In some areas, for instance in Germany, the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides - a spreading neozoon - must be regarded as an additional definitive host for E. multilocularis. In 2001 this parasite was found for the first time in raccoon dogs in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. Between 2000 and 2008, 1,252 raccoon dogs from Brandenburg were examined by the Intestinal Scraping Technique. The majority of samples were obtained in five northern counties and all 60 animals that tested positive for E. multilocularis were located there. The estimated true prevalence calculated by a beta-binomial- model ranged from 6%-12% [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 655-661, 2011].

关键词： Zoonosis Invasive species Echinococcosis Germany Raccoon dog

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Host and viral factors contributing to CD8+ T cell failure in hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第36期13卷 4839-4847页

作者： christoph Neumann-Haefelin Hans Christian Spangenberg Hubert E Blum Robert Thimme Department of Medicine Ⅱ University Hospital Freiburg Germany

Virus-specific CD8+ T cells are thought to be the major anti-viral effector cells in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Indeed, viral clearance is associated with vigorous CD8+ T cell responses targeting multiple epitopes. In the chronic phase of infection, HCV-specific CD8+ T cell responses are usually weak, narrowly focused and display often functional defects regarding cytotoxicity, cytokine production, and proliferative capacity. In the last few years, different mechanisms which might contribute to the failure of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic infection have been identified, including insufficient CD4+ help, deficient CD8+ T cell differentiation, viral escape mutations, suppression by viral factors, inhibitory cytokines, inhibitory ligands, and regulatory T cells. In addition, host genetic factors such as the host’s human leukocyte antigen (HLA) background may play an important role in the efficiency of the HCV- specific CD8+ T cell response and thus outcome of infection. The growing understanding of the mechanisms contributing to T cell failure and persistence of HCV infection will contribute to the development of successful immunotherapeutical and -prophylactical strategies.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus CD8+ T cells T cell failure Viral escape Programmed death 1 Regulatory T cells T cell maturation Human leukocyte antigen

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In-silico synthesis of lowest-pressure high-T_(c) ternary superhydrides

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1119-1125页

作者： Roman Lucrezi Simone Di Cataldo Wolfgang von der Linden Lilia Boeri christoph Heil Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics Graz University of TechnologyNAWI Graz8010GrazAustria Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Universitàdi Roma00185RomeItaly Enrico Fermi Research Center Via Panisperna 89 A00184RomeItaly

We report the theoretical prediction of two high-performing hydride superconductors BaSiH_(8)and SrSiH_(8).They are thermodynamically stable above pressures of 130 and 174 GPa,respectively,and metastable below *** anharmonic phonon calculations,we determine the minimum pressures of dynamical stability to be around 3 GPa for BaSiH8 and 27 GPa for SrSiH_(8),and using the fully anisotropic Migdal-Eliashberg theory,we predict Tc’s around 71 and 126 K,*** also introduce a method to estimate the lowest pressure of synthesis,based on the calculation of the enthalpy barriers protecting the BaSiH_(8)Fm3¯m structure from decomposition at various *** kinetic pressure threshold is sensibly higher than the one based on dynamic stability,but gives a much more rigorous limit for synthesizability.

关键词： synthesis stability high

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Budesonide induces complete remission in autoimmune hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第9期12卷 1362-1366页

作者： Antal Csepregi christoph R(o|¨)cken Gerhard Treiber Peter Malfertheiner Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectious DiseasesOtto-von-Guericke UniversityLeipziger Str 4439120 MagdeburgGermany Institute of Pathology Otto-von-Guericke University Leipziger Str 4439120 MagdeburgGermany

AIM： Prednisone and azathioprine represent the standard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis （AIH）. However, only 65% of the patients enter complete histological remission. Recently, budesonide （BUD） was reported to be a promising alternative. In this study we assessed the efficacy and safety of BUD in AIH. METHODS： Eighteen patients （12 women, 6 men; mean age 45.4±21 years） with AIH were treated with BUD （Budenofalk） 3 mg thrice daily and followed up for at least 24 wk. Seven patients also had features of primary biliary cirrhosis （n = 5） or primary sclerosing cholangitis （n = 2）. Advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis was present in RESULTS： Fifteen （83%） patients had a complete clinical and biochemical remission. Ten patients, including five with acute hepatitis, were given BUD as first-line therapy, of which seven enter remission. Three patients, two with liver cirrhosis, did not improve. All patients with second-line therapy experienced long-term remission. A histological remission was also seen in three patients. Clinically relevant BUD-induced side effects were recorded only in patients with liver cirrhosis （n = 4）. CONCLUSION： BUD is effective in remission induction in the majority of our patients with AIH. Side effects and treatment failure was mainly observed in patients with liver cirrhosis.

关键词： Budesonide Autoimmune hepatitis Complete remission Adverse events

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Surface roughness of zirconia for full-contour crowns after clinically simulated grinding and polishing

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International Journal of Oral Science 2014年第4期6卷 241-246页

作者： Rim Hmaidouch Wolf-Dieter Mller Hans-christoph Lauer Paul Weigl Department of Prosthodontics and Geriatric Dentistry Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine at Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Department of Prosthodontics and Geriatric Dentistry University of Medicine Charite Department of Postgraduate Education Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine at Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of controlled intraoral grinding and polishing on the roughness of full-contour zirconia compared to classical veneered zirconia. Thirty bar-shaped zirconia specimens were fabricated and divided into two groups（n515）. Fifteen specimens（group 1） were glazed and 15 specimens（group 2） were veneered with feldspathic ceramic and then glazed. Prior to grinding,maximum roughness depth（Rmax） values were measured using a profilometer, 5 times per specimen. Simulated clinical grinding and polishing were performed on the specimens under water coolant for 15 s and 2 N pressure. For grinding, NTI diamonds burs with grain sizes of 20 mm, 10 mm, and 7.5 mm were used sequentially. The ground surfaces were polished using NTI kits with coarse, medium and fine polishers. After each step, Rmaxvalues were determined. Differences between groups were examined using one-way analysis of variance（ANOVA）. The roughness of group 1 was significantly lower than that of group 2. The roughness increased significantly after coarse grinding in both groups. The results after glazing were similar to those obtained after fine grinding for non-veneered zirconia. However, fine-ground veneered zirconia had significantly higher roughness than venerred, glazed zirconia. No significant difference was found between fine-polished and glazed zirconia, but after the fine polishing of veneered zirconia, the roughness was significantly higher than after *** can be concluded that for full-contour zirconia, fewer defects and lower roughness values resulted after grinding and polishing compared to veneered zirconia. After polishing zirconia, lower roughness values were achieved compared to glazing; more interesting was that the grinding of glazed zirconia using the NTI three-step system could deliver smooth surfaces comparable to untreated glazed zirconia surfaces.

关键词： full-contour zirconia grinding polishing roughness veneering porcelain

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