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Chinese Chemical Letters 2001年第10期12卷 855-858页

作者： An Qi CHeN christine L.WILLIS Department of Chemistry Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005 School of Chemistry University of BristolBristolUK BS8 1TS

A novel rearrangement-addition reaction of trisubstituted gibberellin epoxides with trimethylaluminium is reported. The reaction proceeds stereospecifically to give tertiary methyl alcohols. The possible mechanism for... 详细信息

关键词： gibberellin epoxide trimethylaluminium rearrangement-addition reaction

Stereoselective Functionalization at C-2 and C-3 of the Gibberellin via an Intramolecular Free radical Cyclization Approach

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2001年第5期12卷 397-398页

作者： An Qi CHeN christine L.WILLIS Department of Chemistry Xiamen UniversityXiamen3610052School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUK BS81TS

Stereoselective functionalization at C-2 and C-3 of the gibberellin skeleton was achieved via an intramolecular free radical cyclization approach using a tethered C-19 halomethyl ester as the radical precursor.

关键词： Gibberellin lactonization free radical cyclization.

ethnography and the Internet： Taking Account of emerging Technological Landscapes

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2017年第3期10卷 315-329页

作者： christine Hine Department of Sociology University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK

This article explores the strengths of ethnography as a methodology for exploring the complex social landscape of the contemporary Intemet. The article outlines the historical development of the Intemet, from Web 1.0 to a participatory Web 2.0 embedded within everyday life and ultimately to the prospect of an autonomous Internet of Things. The benefits of an ethnographic approach for understanding such developments in depth and examining taken-for-granted assumptions are outlined alongside an account of some of the challenges that digital technologies pose for an ethnographic methodology. Amongst these challenges are the difficulties inherent in mapping out a field site that effectively captures the complexity of online/offline connections and of developing a sufficient degree of immersion and co-presence for a rich understanding to be attained. Finally, the challenges offered by the emergence of mobile Internet, algorithmic filtering of information and unpredictable flows of data are explored. It is suggested that the ethnographer of the Internet can usefully position their task as being to explore a socially constructed yet technologically mediated landscape, immersing themselves in it, interrogating how others experience it and mapping the ways in which it becomes meaningful to those who navigate its complexities.

关键词： Internet ethnography Social media Participant observation Methodology Community Internet of Things Field site Landscape Algorithm

The rain on Underground Porous Media Part Ⅰ:Analysis of a richards Model

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2013年第2期34卷 193-212页

作者： christine BerNArDI Adel BLOUZA Linda eL ALAOUI Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions CNRS & Université Pierre et Marie CurieBC 1874 Place Jussieu75252 Paris Cedex 05France Laboratoire de Mathématiques raphaёl Salem(UMr 6085 CNrS) Université de RouenAvenue de l'UniversitéBP 1276801 Saint-tienne-du-RouvrayFrance Universit Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris CitLAGACNRS(UMR 7539)F-93430VilletaneuseFrance

The richards equation models the water flow in a partially saturated underground porous medium under the *** it rains on the surface,boundary conditions of Signorini type must be considered on this part of the *** authors first study this problem which results into a variational inequality and then propose a discretization by an implicit euler's scheme in time and finite elements in *** convergence of this discretization leads to the well-posedness of the problem.

关键词： richards equation, Porous media, euler's implicit scheme, Finite element discretization Parabolic variational inequality

Thin Films of ruthenium Phthalocyanine Complexes

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Nano research 2009年第9期2卷 678-687页

作者： Tristan rawling christine e.Austin Dominic Hare Philip A.Doble Hadi M.Zareie Andrew M.McDonagh Institute for Nanoscale Technology University of Technology SydneySydneyNSW 2007Australia

Four new ruthenium phthalocyanine complexes bearing axial ligands with thioacetate groups that facilitate thin fi lm formation on gold surfaces are *** tunnelling microscopy(STM)images and surface coverage data obtained by solution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)experiments show that peripheral and axial ligand substituents on the complexes have a signifi cant effect on their surface coverage.A laser ablation ICP-MS technique that provides information about thin films across macro-sized areas is described here for the fi rst *** the technique,the maximum surface coverage of a ruthenium phthalocyanine complex was found to occur within one minute of gold substrate immersion in the complex-containing solution.

关键词： ruthenium phthalocyanine gold surface laser ablation

Cloud Aesthetics:An epistemological Challenge, Aesthetics from Below, and the Question of History

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2021年第1期5卷 15-25,155页

作者： christine Blaettler Kiel University

Clouds are often appealed to when an objection is raised to the rationalist knowledge paradigm of the clear and distinct,as formulated by rene *** such cases,clouds serve to establish an anti-classically oriented,non-hierarchical and non-determinative,chaos-theoretically informed *** informed by this tendency,this essay proposes to examine clouds as an epistemological challenge,capable of exposing specific tensions in science,philosophy,and art *** fields negotiate questions of perception and representation,hence aesthetic problems,on the basis of which this contribution formulates an“aesthetics from below.”Such an aesthetics does not proceed from aesthetic theories,nor is it based on fuzzy concepts;rather,it begins with reflection on perception-based experience and specifically historical artifacts and seeks to lead these toward the work of *** this essay,this is accomplished through an examination of the significance of clouds in Siegfried Kracauer’s philosophical reflections on history.

关键词： clouds aesthetics epistemology history Kracauer

Lifetime risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in patients with Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第28期20卷 9611-9617页

作者： Piers Gatenby christine Caygill christine Wall Santanu Bhatacharjee James ramus Anthony Watson Marc Winslet Division of Surgery and Interventional Science UCLLondonNW32QGUnited Kingdom

AIM:To investigate the lifetime risk of development of esophageal adenocarcinoma and/or high-grade dysplasia in patients diagnosed with Barrett’s ***:Data were extracted from the United Kingdom National Barrett’s Oesophagus registry on date of diagnosis,patient age and gender of 7877 patients from who had been registered from 35 United Kingdom *** expectancy was evaluated from United Kingdom National Statistics data based upon gender and age at year at *** data were then used with published estimates of annual adenocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia incidences from metaanalyses and large population-based studies to estimate overall lifetime risk of development of these study ***:The mean age at diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus was 61.6 years in males and 67.3 years in *** mean life expectancy at diagnosis was23.1 years in males,20.7 years in females and 22.2years *** data from published meta-analyses,the lifetime risk of development of adenocarcinoma was between 1 in 8 and 1 in 14 and the lifetime risk of high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma was 1 in 5 to1 in *** data from 3 large recent population-based cohort studies the lifetime risk of adenocarcinoma was between 1 in 10 and 1 in 37 and of the combined endpoint of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma was between 1 in 8 and 1 in *** at Barrett’s esophagus diagnosis is reducing and life expectancy is increasing,which will partially counter-balance lower annual cancer ***:There is a significant lifetime risk of development of high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s esophagus.

关键词： Barrett esophagus esophageal neoplasms Forecasting Meta-analysis Cohort studies

Is convenience really king? Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 17-28页

作者： Nguyen Hoa Binh Quang Vo Luan Nguyen Forse rachel Jeanette Wiemers Anja Maria christine Huynh Huy Ba Dong Thuy Thi Thu Phan Yen Thi Hoang Creswell Jacob Dang Thi Minh Ha Nguyen Lan Huu Shedrawy Jad L?nnroth Knut Nguyen Tuan Dinh Van Dinh Luong Annerstedt Kristi Sidney Codlin Andrew James National Lung Hospital Ha Noi Viet Nam Friends for International TB relief Ha Noi Viet Nam Department of Global Public Health WHO Collaboration Centre On Tuberculosis and Social Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Stop TB Partnership Geneva Switzerland Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Background In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private *** Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate *** The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578;P=0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313;P=0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (USD 754 vs USD 164;Presulted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts (Private: 55% vs NTP: 52%;P=0.675). Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household [adjusted odds ratio [(aOr=13.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–138.14;P=0.026], unemployment during treatment (aOr=10.86; 95%CI: 2.64–44.60;Pexperiencing TB-related stigma (aOr=37.90; 95%CI: 1.72–831.73;P=0.021).Conclusions Persons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the

关键词： Tuberculosis Patient cost Catastrophic cost Private sector Comparative analysis Viet Nam

Using ADMS models for Air Quality Assessment and Management in China

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中国人口·资源与环境：英文版 2005年第3期3卷 3-10页

作者： christine McHugh David Carruthers Cambridge environmental research Consultants (CerC) 3 King's Parade Cambridge CB2 1SJ U.K.Cambridge Environmental Research Consultants (CERC) 3 King's Parade Cambridge CB2 1SJ U.K.

ADMS-Urban is the most widely used advanced dispersion model for urban areas, being used extensively in China and worldwide, providing a practical tool for assessing and managing urban air quality. In this paper we briefly describe the ADMS dispersion models and give an overview of their use in China. And it describes in more detail the use of ADMS-Urban in Fushun in Liaoning province and in Jinan in Shangdong province respectively, for studies of urban air quality. Finally the conclusions are presented.

关键词： ADMS-Urban air quality air dispersion model

Use of a saline-coupled bipolar sealer open liver resection for hepatic malignancy: Medical resource use and costs

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第46期22卷 10189-10197页

作者： christine I Nichols Joshua G Vose Medtronic Advanced energy 180 Intemational Drive Portsmouth NH 03801 United States

AIM To evaluate outcomes associated with use of a saline coupled bipolar sealer during open partial liver *** This retrospective analysis utilized the United States Premier? insurance claims database(2010-2014). Patients were selected with codes for liver malignancy and partial hepatectomy or lobectomy. Cases were defined by use the saline-coupled bipolar sealer; controls had no use. A Propensity Score algorithm was used to match one case to five controls. A deviationbased cost modeling(DBCM) approach provided an estimate of *** One hundred and forty-four cases and 720 controls were available for analysis. Patients in the case cohort received fewer transfusions vs controls(18.1% vs 29.4%, P = 0.007). In DBCM, more patients in the case cohort experienced "on-course" hospitalizations(53.5% vs 41.9%, P = 0.009). The cost calculation showed an average savings in total hospitalization costs of $1027 for cases vs controls. In multivariate analysis, cases had lower odds of receiving a transfusion(Or = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.27-0.71, P = 0.0008).CONCLUSION Use of a saline-coupled bipolar sealer was associated with a greater proportion of patients with an "on course" hospitalization.

关键词： Liver resection hepatocellular carcinoma costs