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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第3期50卷 300-310页

作者： christine delpre Stanley Lutts Unitde Biologie vgtale Universitcatholique de Louvain5(Bte 13) Place Croix du Sud1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Unitde Biologie vgtale Universit catholique de Louvain5(Bte 13) Place Croix du Sud1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium

In order to analyze the adaptation potential of tomato shoots to a sudden increase in Cd concentration, tomato plants （Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Ailsa Craig） were exposed under controlled environmental conditions to a high dose of this heavy metal （250 μm CdCl2） in nutrient solution for 7 and 14d. Both root and shoot growth was completely inhibited but all plants remained alive until the end of the treatment. Cell viability remained unaffected but the activity of the mitochondrial alternative pathway was stimulated by Cd stress at the expense of the cytochrome pathway. Cadmium concentration was higher in roots than in shoots and a decrease in the rate of net Cd translocation was noticed during the second week of stress. Cadmium decreased both leaf conductance （gl） and chlorophyll concentration. However, the effect on net CO2 assimilation remained limited and soluble sugars accumulated in leaves. Photochemical efficiency of PSII （FvlFm） was not affected despite a decrease in the number of reaction centers and an inhibition of electron transfer to acceptors of PSII. It is concluded that tomato shoot may sustain short term exposure to high doses of cadmium despite growth inhibition. This property implies several physiological strategies linked to both avoidance and tolerance mechanisms.

关键词： cadmium chlorophyll fluorescence growth heavy metal toxicity Lycopersicon esculentum tomato

Vegetation composition of old extensive green roofs(from 1980s Germany)

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ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 225-235页

作者： christine e Thuring Nigel Dunnett Department of Landscape Floor 9The Arts TowerWestern BankSheffieldSouth Yorkshire S102TNUK

Introduction:Since their development in the late 1970s in Germany,extensive green roofs(eGr)have become increasingly popular as mitigation tools for urban environmental issues around the *** are planted with select species,which ensure consistent cover and performance over *** research presented herein is part of a systematic re-evaluation of eGr technology since the German industry ***:Given the opportunity to access a small sample of old eGrs installed over 20 years ago in south-west Germany,this research surveyed the vegetation and substrate with an interest in describing these parameters with time-through-space ***:Similar to previous studies,this preliminary work found correlations between roof age with vegetation(cover abundance and species diversity)and substrate properties(e.g.,depth,organic content,pH,and nutrients).roof age had positive relationship with soil organic content(Corg),and negative relationships with substrate depth and soil *** soil variables are inter-related,as shallow acidic substrates create unfavourable conditions for decomposition and thereby the accumulation of *** variables correlated with eGr vegetation,suggesting a trend of simplified species composition over ***,Corg had a negative relationship with cover and species diversity of most life forms;only Sedum species had positive associations with ***:Considering the dynamics associated with shallow mineral substrates,and the greater floristic diversity of younger roofs,simple Sedum-based vegetation may represent a steady state for conventional eGrs.

关键词： Biodiversity extensive green roofs Germany Long-term performance Plant life forms Sedum Species diversity Substrate depth

effects of mountain pine beetle-killed forests on source water contributions to streamflow in headwater streams of the Colorado rocky Mountains

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Frontiers of earth Science 2017年第3期11卷 496-504页

作者： christine e. WeHNer John D. STeDNICK Watershed Science Program College of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1472 USA

Natural or human-influenced disturbances are important to the health and diversity of forests, which in turn, are important to the water quantity and quality exported from a catchment. However, human-induced disturbances （prescribed fire and harvesting） have been decreasing, and natural disturbances （fires and insects） have been increasing in frequency and severity. One such natural disturbance is the mountain pine beetle （MPB）, （Denclroctonus ponderosae） an endemic species. A recent epidemic resulted in the mortality of millions of hectares of lodgepole pine （Pinus contorta） forests in Colorado, USA. Beetle-induced tree mortality brings about changes to the hydrologic cycle, including decreased transpiration and interception with the loss of canopy cover. This study examined the effect of the mountain pine beetle kill on source water contributions to streamflow in snowmelt- dominated headwater catchments using stable isotopes （2H and ~80） as tracers. Study catchments with varying level of beetle-killed forest area （6% to 97%） were sampled for groundwater, surface water, and precipitation. Streams were sampled to assess whether beetle-killed forests have altered source water contributions to streamflow. Ground- water contributions increased with increasing beetle-killed forest area （p = 0.008）. Both rain and snow contributions were negatively correlated with beetle-killed forest area （p = 0.035 and p = 0.011, respectively）. As the beetle-killed forest area increases, so does fractional groundwater contribution to streamflow.

关键词： mountain pine beetle isotope tracers stream-flow generation headwaters

Genetic evaluation and testing for hereditary forms of cancer in the era of next-generation sequencing

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2016年第1期13卷 55-67页

作者： christine Stanislaw Yuan Xue William r.Wilcox Department of Human Genetics Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA Fulgent Diagnostics Temple City CA 92780USA

The introduction of next-generation sequencing(NGS) technology in testing for hereditary cancer susceptibility allows testing of multiple cancer susceptibility genes simultaneously. While there are many potential benefits to utilizing this technology in the hereditary cancer clinic, including efficiency of time and cost, there are also important limitations that must be considered. The best panel for the given clinical situation should be selected to minimize the number of variants of unknown significance. The inclusion in panels of low penetrance or newly identified genes without specific actionability can be problematic for *** counselors are an essential part of the hereditary cancer risk assessment team, helping the medical team select the most appropriate test and interpret the often complex results. Genetic counselors obtain an extended family history, counsel patients on the available tests and the potential implications of results for themselves and their family members(pre-test counseling), explain to patients the implications of the test results(post-test counseling), and assist in testing family members at risk.

关键词： Genetic counseling genetic testing informed consent high-throughput nucleotide sequencing neoplastic syndromes hereditary

Precision medicine in hearing loss

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2018年第2期45卷 99-109页

作者： Jason r.rudman christine Mei Sara e.Bressler Susan H.Blanton Xue-Zhong Liu Department of Otoloryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Cenetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA

Precision medicine（PM） proposes customized medical care based on a patient＇s unique genome, biomarkers, environment and behaviors. Hearing loss（HL） is the most common sensorineural disorder worldwide and is frequently caused by a single genetic mutation. With recent advances in PM tools such as genetic sequencing and data analysis, the field of HL is ideally positioned to adopt the strategies of ***, we review current and future applications of PM in HL as they relate to the four core qualities of PM（P4）： predictive, personalized, patient-centered, and participatory. We then introduce a strategy for effective incorporation of HL PM into the design of future research studies, electronic medical records,and clinical practice to improve diagnostics, prognostics, and, ultimately, individualized patient treatment. Finally, specific anticipated ethical and economic concerns in this growing era of genomics-based HL treatment are discussed. By integrating PM principles into translational HL research and clinical practice, hearing specialists are uniquely positioned to effectively treat the heterogeneous causes and manifestations of HL on an individualized basis.

关键词： Precision medicine Personalized medicine Hearing loss Genetics

Using Statistical Downscaling to Quantify the GCM-related Uncertainty in regional Climate Change Scenarios: A Case Study of Swedish Precipitation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2006年第1期23卷 54-60页

作者： Deliang CHeN christine ACHBerGer Jouni r■IS■NeN Cecilia HeLLSTrM earth Sciences Centre Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden Laboratory for Climate Studies/National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijingChina earth Sciences Centre Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of HelsinkiFinland

There are a number of sources of uncertainty in regional climate change scenarios. When statistical downscaling is used to obtain regional climate change scenarios, the uncertainty may originate from the uncertainties in the global climate models used, the skill of the statistical model, and the forcing scenarios applied to the global climate model. The uncertainty associated with global climate models can be evaluated by examining the differences in the predictors and in the downscaled climate change scenarios based on a set of different global climate models. When standardized global climate model simulations such as the second phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project （CMIP2） are used, the difference in the downscaled variables mainly reflects differences in the climate models and the natural variability in the simulated climates. It is proposed that the spread of the estimates can be taken as a measure of the uncertainty associated with global climate models. The proposed method is applied to the estimation of global-climate-model-related uncertainty in regional precipitation change scenarios in Sweden. results from statistical downscaling based on 17 global climate models show that there is an overall increase in annual precipitation all over Sweden although a considerable spread of the changes in the precipitation exists. The general increase can be attributed to the increased large-scale precipitation and the enhanced westerly wind. The estimated uncertainty is nearly independent of region. However, there is a seasonal dependence. The estimates for winter show the highest level of confidence, while the estimates for summer show the least.

关键词： Statistical downscaling global climate model climate change scenario uncertainty

Optimizing photorespiration for improved crop productivity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第12期60卷 1217-1230页

作者： Paul F.South Amanda P.Cavanagh Patricia e.Lopez-Calcagno christine A.raines Donald r.Ort Global Change and Photosynthesis research Unit United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research ServiceUrbana Carl r.Woese Institute for Genomic Biology University of IllinoisUrbana School of Biological Sciences University of Essex Department of Crop Sciences University of IllinoisUrbana Department of Plant Biology University of IllinoisUrbana

In C3 plants, photorespiration is an energyexpensive process, including the oxygenation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate(ruBP) by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(rubisco) and the ensuing multiorganellar photorespiratory pathway required to recycle the toxic byproducts and recapture a portion of the fixed carbon. Photorespiration significantly impacts crop productivity through reducing yields in C3 crops by as much as 50%under severe conditions. Thus, reducing the flux through, or weive r improving the efficiency of photorespiration has the potential of large improvements in C3 crop ***, we review an array of approaches intended to engineer photorespiration in a range of plant systems with the goal of increasing crop productivity. Approaches include optimizing flux through the native photorespiratory pathway, installing non-native alternative photorespiratory pathways, and lowering or even eliminating rubiscocatalyzed oxygenation of ruBP to reduce substrate entrance into the photorespiratory cycle. Some proposed designs have been successful at the proof of concept level.A plant systems-engineering approach, based on new opportunities available from synthetic biology to implement in silico designs, holds promise for further progress toward delivering more productive crops to farmer’s fields.

关键词： Optimizing photorespiration for improved crop productivity Figure

Influence of psychosocial factors on treatment of elderly Chinese patients with hypertension

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2007年第4期4卷 202-207页

作者： Cesar V. Borlongan christine e. Stahl Department of Neurology Medical College of Georgia Augusta Department of Internal Medicine Dwight D.Eisenhower Army Medical Center Fort Gordon

Objective The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of psychosocial factors on the treatment of elderly patients with hypertension. Methods Atotalof 260 elderly Chinese patients with hypertension were treated with benazepril alone or benazepril combined with amlodipine for 8 weeks. The target blood pressure (BP) (both eved in 180 patients, who were then assigned to the well-controlled BP group;the rest were placed in the modestly controlled BP group. The psychosocial factors present in both groups were assessed by the Hamilton depression scale, Hamilton anxiety scale, life event scale and social support evaluation list before and after anti-hypertensive treatment. results There were no significant differences in gender, mean age, hist ory of hypertension, education and smoking habit, or in SBP and DBP between the groups before treatment. Significant differences were also not found in all psychosocial factors before and after treatment in the patients. However, significant differences were found between the groups with respect to post-treatment SBP and marital status. The patients with modestly controlled BP had significantly higher scores, as well as incidents, on the depressive, anxiety, and stressful life event scales than those with well-controlled BP. The patients with well-controlled BP had significantly higher scores in tangible support, subjective support, and social support compared to the patients with modestly controlled BP. Logistic regression analysis showed the independent contribution of psychosocial factors in reaching the goal of lowering BP at treatment endpoint in these hypertensive patients. Conclusions The results suggest that psychosocial factors stand as a main barrier to achieving the BP-lowering target in the management of elderly Chinese patients with hypertension.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2007;4:202-207.)

关键词： hypertension psychosocial factor elderly treatment outcome

Quantitative Variation in Water-Use efficiency across Water regimes and Its relationship with Circadian, Vegetative, reproductive, and Leaf Gas-exchange Traits

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 653-668页

作者： christine e. edwards Brent e. ewers C. robertson McClung Ping Lou Cynthia Weinig Department of Botany University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA Present address： USACe erDC Environmental Laboratory 3909 Halls Ferry Road Vicksburg MS 39180 USA Program in ecology University of Wyoming Laramie WY 82071 USA Department of Biological Sciences Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA

Drought limits light harvesting, resulting in lower plant growth and reproduction. One trait important for plant drought response is water-use efficiency （WUe）. We investigated （1） how the joint genetic architecture of WUe, reproductive characters, and vegetative traits changed across drought and well-watered conditions, （2） whether traits with distinct developmental bases （e.g. leaf gas exchange versus reproduction） differed in the environmental sensitivity of their genetic architecture, and （3） whether quantitative variation in circadian period was related to drought response in Brassica rapa. Overall, WUe increased in drought, primarily because stomatal conductance, and thus water loss, declined more than carbon fixation. Genotypes with the highest WUe in drought expressed the lowest WUe in well-watered conditions, and had the largest vegetative and floral organs in both treatments. Thus, large changes in WUe enabled some genotypes to approach vegetative and reproductive trait optima across environments. The genetic architecture differed for gas-exchange and vegetative traits across drought and well-watered conditions, but not for floral traits. Correlations between circadian and leaf gas-exchange traits were significant but did not vary across treatments, indicating that circadian period affects physiological function regardless of water availability. These results suggest that WUe is important for drought tolerance in Brassica rapa and that artificial selection for increased WUe in drought will not result in maladaptive expression of other traits that are correlated with WUe.

关键词： Brassica rapa drought ecophysiology floral traits G matrix leaf gas-exchange traits water-use efficiency vegetative traits

A peptide containing the receptor binding site of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 enhances bone mass in ovariectomized rats

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Bone research 2018年第3期6卷 280-288页

作者： Gang Xi christine Wai Clifford J.rosen David r.Clemmons Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUSA Maine Medical Center research Institute ScarboroughUSA

Male Igfbp2-/-mice have a significant reduction in bone mass and administration of a peptide that contains the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2(IGFBP-2) receptor-binding domain stimulates bone formation in these animals. Female Igfbp2-/-mice do not have this phenotype but following ovariectomy(OVX) lose more bone than OVX wild-type mice. This suggests that in the absence of estrogen, IGFBP-2 is required to maintain bone mass. Therefore these studies were undertaken to determine if this peptide could stimulate bone acquisition in OVX rats. OVX rats were divided into seven treatment groups: sham animals, OVX animals, OVX animals receiving a control scrambled peptide, or one of three doses of the active peptide termed PeG-HBD-1(0.7, 2,and 6 mg·kg^(-1)) and an OVX group receiving parathyroid hormone(PTH)(50 μg·kg-1 per day). The peptides were administered for8 weeks. DXA revealed a significant reduction in femoral and tibial areal bone mineral density(aBMD) after OVX, whereas treatment with the high-dose peptide increased aBMD by 6.2% ± 2.4%(P red to control peptide; similar to the increase noted with PTH(5.6% ± 3.0%, P r increases were noted with two lower doses of the peptide(3.8% ± 1.5%, P r low dose; 3.1% ± 1.6%, P = 0.07 for middle dose). Micro CT showed that the OVX control peptide animals had reductions of 41% and64% in femoral trabecular BV/TV and trabecular number, respectively. All three doses of the peptide increased bone volume/total volume(BV/TV) significantly, while the low and middle doses increased trabecular number. Cortical BV/TV and thickness at the midshaft increased significantly with each dose of peptide(18.9% ± 9.8%, P r low dose; 23.7% ±10.7%, P r middle dose; 19.0% ± 6.9%, P r high dose)and with PTH(25.8% ± 9.2%, P rphometry showed that the low

关键词： insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 OVX wild-type mice