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Climate change,thermal niches,extinction risk and maternal-effect rescue of toad-headed lizards,Phrynocephalus,in thermal extremes of the Arabian Peninsula to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 450-470页

作者： barry SINERVO Donald B.mILES Yayong WU Fausto R.mÉNDEZ-DE LA CRUZ Sebastian KIRCHHOF Yin QI The Institute for the Study of the Ecological and Evolutionary Climate Impacts University of Californiaand Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA Department of Biological Sciences Ohio UniversityAthensOhioUSA Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuanChina Laboratory of Herpetology Institute of BiologyUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico museum of Natural History Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Scienceand Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research(BBIB)BerlinGermany

Determining the susceptibility of species to changing thermal niches is a major goal for *** this paper we develop an eco-physiological model of extinction risk under climate change premised on behavioral *** method downscales operative environmental temperatures,which restrict hours of activity of lizards,hr,for present-day climate(1975)and future climate scenarios(2070).We apply our model using occurrence records of 20 Phrynocephalus lizards(or taxa in species complexes)drawn from literature and museum *** analysis is phylogenetically informed,because some clades may be more sensitive to rising *** limits for computed hr predict local extirpations among Phrynocephalus lizards at continental scales and delineate upper boundaries of thermal niches as defined by Extreme Value *** the 8.5 Representative Concentration Pathway scenario,we predict extirpation of 64%of local populations by 2070 across 20 Phrynocephalus species,and 12 are at high risk of total extinction due to thermal limits being *** tandem with global strategies of lower CO_(2) emissions,we propose regional strategies for establishing new national parks to protect extinction-prone taxa by preserving high-elevation climate refugia within existing sites of species *** propose that evolved acclimatization–maternal plasticity–may ameliorate risk,but is poorly *** studies revealed that adaptive maternal plasticity by thermoregulating gravid females alter progeny thermal preferences by±1℃.We describe plasticity studies for extinction-prone species that could assess whether they might be buffered from climate warming–a *** discuss an epigenetic framework for studying such maternal-effect evolution.

关键词： climate change eco-physiology extinction model maternal effect lizards

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The transfer and resulting negative effects of nano-and micro-plastics through the aquatic trophic web—A discreet threat to human health

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第4期1卷 1-8页

作者： Charles V.Neves christine C.Gaylarde Jose Antonio Baptista Neto Khaue S.Vieira Bruno Pierri Carolina C.C.Waite Daniela C.Scott Estefan m.da Fonseca Department of Geology and Geophysics/LAGEmAR–Laboratorio de Geologia marinha Instituto de GeocienciasUniversidade Federal FluminenseAvenida Litoranea S/n24210-340NiteroiRJBrazil Department of microbiology and Plant Biology Oklahoma University770 Van Vleet OvalNormanOK73019USA

The ubiquitous occurrence of plastic nano-and micro-particle contamination has raised concerns about its potential risks and impacts on the global environment,especially in aquatic *** of aquatic species,from different trophic levels,have been affected by this“new”contaminant,which has been reported mainly in their digestive ***,current knowledge about plastic nano-and micro-particle spread and the potential impact on aquatic biota is growing ***,there is a significant lack of understanding of the trophic spread of microplastic contamination and integration of knowledge derived from laboratory assays with that from field research is *** experiments are unable to deal with differentiating between directly and indirectly ingested plastic *** the other hand,laboratory assays evaluating the influence of plastic microparticles and of their adhered or constitutive toxins on representative species cannot satisfactorily simulate the real *** a result,little is known about the effective transfer of plastic particles through the trophic net and the resulting human health *** present review seeks to gather information that can give a more accurate idea of the current situation and future challenges to be faced in mitigating the environmental and human effects of plastic particle pollution in aquatic,particularly estuarine,ecosystems.

关键词： Trophic transfer Plastic matrix additives Anthropogenic pollution Human health microplastics

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Quantitative analysis for management 7th ed. 7th ed

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1999年

作者： barry Render Ralph m. Stair Jr.

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Restricted cross-scale habitat selection by American beavers

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 703-710页

作者： Robert A. FRANCIS Jimmy D. TAYLOR Eric DIBBLE Bronson STRICKLAND Vanessa m. PETRO christine EASTERWOOD Guiming WANG Department of Wildlife Fisheries and Aquaculture Thompson Hall Mississippi State University Starkville MS 39762 USA USDA APHIS Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center Corvallis 3180 SW Jefferson Wav OR 97331 USA Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University 321 Richardson Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA Environmental management Division US Army Garrison - Building 4488 Martin Rd SW Redstone Redstone Arsenal AL 35898 USA

Animal habitat selection, among other ecological phenomena, is spatially scale dependent. Habitat selection by American beavers (hereafter, beaver) has been studied at singular spatial scales, but to date no research addresses multi-scale selection. Our objectives were to determine if beaver habitat selection was specialized to semiaquatic habitats and if variables explaining habitat selection are consistent between landscape and fine spatial scales. We built maximum entropy (maxEnt) models to relate landscape-scale presence-only data to landscape variables, and used generalized linear mixed models to evaluate fine spatial scale habitat selection using global positioning system (GPS) relocation data. Explanatory variables between the landscape and fine spatial scale were compared for consistency. Our findings suggested that beaver habitat selection at coarse (study area) and fine (within home range) scales was congruent, and was influenced by increasing amounts of woody wetland edge density and shrub edge density, and decreasing amounts of open water edge density. Habitat suitability at the landscape scale also increased with decreasing amounts of grass frequency. As territorial, central-place foragers, beavers likely trade-off open water edge density (i.e., smaller non-forested wetlands or lodges closer to banks) for defense and shorter distances to forage and obtain construction material. Woody plants along edges and expanses of open water for predator avoidance may limit beaver fitness and subsequently determine beaver habitat selection.

关键词： Castor canadensis maximum entropy scale-dependent selection space use wetland

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Physical separation from the mate diminishes male＇s attentiveness towards other females： a study in monogamous prairie voles microtus ochrogaster

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 537-544页

作者： christine J. DELEVAN Natalia A. RODRIGUEZ Karine m. LEGZIm Fayeza ALIOU Jamie T. PARKER maryam BAmSHAD Department of Biological Sciences Lehman College--The City University of New York Bronx NY 10468 USA

We tested whether continuous cohabitation in monogamous voles affects the mated male＇s atten-tiveness to his breeding partner versus another female. Each male was housed in a 3-chamber ap-paratus with a Focal female （FF） and a Control female （CF） for 13 days then placed in a T-maze toassess his attentiveness to and memory of those females. The Distal male remained physically sep-arated from both females, but received their distal cues. The Separate male cohabited with the FFfor 3 days then remained physically separated from both females. The Disrupt male＇s continuouscohabitation with the FF was disrupted by having him physically separated from her after 10 daysand placed with the CF for the last 3 days. The Continuous male cohabited continuously with the FFfor 13 days. With females in the T-maze, the Separate and Disrupt males spent more time near theFF＇s box and the Disrupt males spent more time manipulating the FF＇s box than the CF＇s box. TheSeparate males groomed themselves more when near the FF＇s box than the CF＇s box. The Distaland Continuous males＇ attentiveness to the two females did not differ. Results suggest that phys-ical distance from the partner may reduce male＇s attentiveness toward other potential *** voles might be similar to socially monogamous primates in using tactile cues as a signal formaintaining their social bonds.

关键词： attachment, monogamy, partner preference, partner separation, social cognition.

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Scientific case studies in land-use driven soil erosion in the central United States: Why soil potential and risk concepts should be included in the principles of soil health

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第1期6卷 63-78页

作者： Benjamin L.Turner Jay Fuhrer melissa Wuellner Hector m.menendez barry H.Dunn Roger Gates Texas A&m University-Kingsville Department of AgricultureAgribusinessand Environmental Science700 University Blvd.MSC 228KingsvilleTX 78363USA North Dakota Natural Resource Conservation Service 220 East Rosser AvenuePO Box 1458BismarckND 58502-1458USA University of Nebraska-Kearney Department of BiologyBruner Hall of Science240111th AvenueKearneyNE 68849-1140USA South Dakota State University Department of Natural Resource ManagementBox 2140BBrookingsSD 57007USA South Dakota State University Box 2201BrookingsSD 57007USA University of Georgia 104 S.Thornton Ave.DaltonGA 30720USA

Despite recent improvements in overall soil health gained through conservation agriculture, which has become a global priority in agricultural systems, soil and water-related externalities (e.g., wind and water erosion) continue to persist or worsen. Using an inductive, systems approach, we tested the hypothesis that such externalities persist due to expansion of cultivation onto areas unsuitable for sustained production. To test this hypothesis, a variety of data sources and analyses were used to uncover the land and water resource dynamics underlying noteworthy cases of soil erosion (either wind or water) and hydrological effects (e.g., flooding, shifting hydrographs) throughout the central United States. Given the evidence, we failed to reject the hypothesis that cultivation expansion is contributing to increased soil and water externalities, since significant increases in cultivation on soils with severe erosion limitations were observed everywhere the externalities were documented. We discuss the case study results in terms of land use incentives (e.g., policy, economic, and biophysical), developing concepts of soil security, and ways to utilize case studies such as those presented to better communicate the value of soil and water resource conservation. Incorporating the tenets of soil potential and soil risk into soil health evaluations and cultivation decision-making is needed to better match the soil resource with land use and help avoid more extreme soil and water-related externalities.

关键词： Soil erosion Watershed runoff Soil potential Soil security Externality

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Control of the carrier-envelope phases of a synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillator and its applications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第5期53卷 642-651页

作者： SUN JingHua barry J S Gale Derryck T Reid Ultrafast Optics Group School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK Laboratory of Optical Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

The intrinsic synchronization, multi-color outputs and related carrier-envelope phases (CEP) among pulses bring advantages to synchronously pumped femtosecond optical parametric oscillators and the pumping sources for broadband frequency comb generation and ultrashort waveform coherent syn-thesis. In this paper, we discuss our latest research results in this field, which cover the following as-pects: the phase relationship and energy conservation law in an OPO and related experimental verifi-cation; control of the pumping Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser's CEP by self-referencing technology, and its repetition-rate locking by piezoelectric transducer (PZT); CEP locking of the pulses from the OPO by beating the non-phase-matched visible outputs against pump supercontinuum to obtain a driving signal for a fast PZT on the OPO end mirror; the generation of a broadband frequency comb spanning from 400 nm to 2.4 μm with 1.2 kHz bandwidth; and the realization of coherent interference between phase controlled pump pulses and signal second harmonic pulses.

关键词：光学参数振荡器载波包络相同步控制超短光脉冲

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ABA-mediated Inhibition of Germination Is Related to the Inhibition of Genes Encoding Cell-Wall Biosynthetic and Architecture： modifying Enzymes and Structural Proteins in medicago truncatula Embryo Axis

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molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 108-119页

作者： christine Gimeno-Gilles Eric Lelievre Laure Viau mustafa malik-Ghulam Claudie Ricoult Andreas Niebel Nathalie Leduc Anis m. Limami University of Angers UMR_A 1191 Physiologie Moleculaire des Semences (PMS) 2 Bd Lavoisier F-49045 Angers France UmR 441 CNRs-INRA Laboratoire de Biologie Moleculaire des Relations Plantes Micro-organismes (LIPM) Castanet-Tolosan 31326 cedex France University of Angers UMR Sciences Agronomiques Appliques a I'Horticulture (SAGAH) 2 Bd Lavoisier F-49045 Angers France

Radicle emergence and reserves mobilization are two distinct programmes that are thought to control germination. Both programs are influenced by abscissic acid （ABA） but how this hormone controls seed germination is still poorly known. Phenotypic and microscopic observations of the embryo axis of medicago truncatula during germination in mitotic inhibition condition triggered by 10 μm oryzalin showed that cell division was not required to allow radicle emergence. A suppressive subtractive hybridization showed that more than 10% of up-regulated genes in the embryo axis encoded proteins related to cell-wall biosynthesis. The expression of α-expansins, pectin-esterase, xylogucan-endotransglycosidase, cellulose synthase, and extensins was monitored in the embryo axis of seeds germinated on water, constant and transitory ABA. These genes were overexpressed before completion of germination in the control and strongly inhibited by ABA. The expression was re-established in the ABA transitory-treatment after the seeds were transferred back on water and proceeded to germination. This proves these genes as contributors to the completion of germination and strengthen the idea that cell-wall loosening and remodeling in relation to cell expansion in the embryo axis is a determinant feature in germination. Our results also showed that ABA controls germination through the control of radicle emergence, namely by inhibiting cell-wall loosening and expansion.

关键词： ABA cell-wall expansion germination medicago truncatula radicle emergence XET.

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Development of a CO_2 Tolerant Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst:from Laboratory to Commercial-Sca1e Demonstration in Alaska

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2004年第1期13卷 1-9页

作者： Joep J H m Font Freide Tim D Gamlin J Richard Hensman barry Nay Christopher Sharp BP Exploration Operating Company Chertsey RoadSunbury on ThamesMiddlesexTWl6 7LNEnglandDavy Process Technology Lid 20 Eastbourne TerraceLondon W2 6LEEnglandDavy Process Technology Lid 20 Eastbourne TerraceLondon W2 6LEEnglandBP Chemicals LtdChertsey RoadSunbury on ThamesMiddlesexTW16 7LLEnglandBP Chemicals LtdChertsey RoadSunbury on ThamesMiddlesexTW16 7LLEngland

This article describes the development of BP's Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, used for the conversion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons. It covers the 18 year period from the early eighties, when laboratory scale preparations and micro-reactors were heavily used, right through to the present day with the commercial scale manufacture and proving of the finished catalyst in BP's new ＄86 million gas to liquids demonstration facility in Nikiski, Alaska. Extensive performance testing and scale-up experiments have been successfully carried out, all proof that a laboratory preparation can indeed be translated into a commercial manufacturing process. In addition, the resulting catalyst does not only meet the process design targets, but also exhibits enhanced stability and is tolerant to carbon dioxide. Above all, a commercial scale, fixed bed Fischer-Tropsch catalyst is now available and ready for licensing. manufacturing procedures and quality control have all been successfully detailed and transferred to the commercial manufacturer.

关键词： carbon dioxide Fisher-Tropsch development syngas commercial catalyst

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黏土中静压沉桩离心模型

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工程科学学报 2018年第3期40卷 285-292页

作者：李雨浓 barry m Lehane 刘清秉燕山大学建筑工程与力学学院秦皇岛066004 西澳大学土木工程与资源学院珀斯6009 中国地质大学武汉三峡研究中心武汉430074

采用西澳大学室内鼓轮式离心机,在预先固结的高岭黏土中开展不同离心力场（50g,125g及250g,g为重力加速度）条件下的模型压桩试验、T-bar试验和静力触探试验,分析了模型桩在贯入过程、静置稳定过程中桩身径向应力（σr）的变化规律,并... 详细信息

采用西澳大学室内鼓轮式离心机,在预先固结的高岭黏土中开展不同离心力场（50g,125g及250g,g为重力加速度）条件下的模型压桩试验、T-bar试验和静力触探试验,分析了模型桩在贯入过程、静置稳定过程中桩身径向应力（σr）的变化规律,并对后期桩体拉伸载荷阶段的径向应力变化值（Δσr）及桩侧摩阻力变化情况行了探讨,揭示了在不同超固结比（OCRs）黏土中静压桩侧摩阻力的演变特性.在此基础上,通过两种经验公式方法对桩侧摩承载力进行了预测计算和对比分析.研究结果表明：沉桩过程中桩端相对高度（h/B）对桩身径向应力的发展变化有很大的影响,桩身不同位置（h/B）的总径向应力对同一贯入深度而言,存在桩侧径向应力退化现象;基于静力触探试验提出的经验方法,能有效考虑静力触探锥端阻力（qt）和桩端相对高度（h/B）因素的影响,将其应用于黏土沉桩时桩侧摩阻力的预测,可取得与试验实测结果较吻合的结果.研究成果对软土地区静压桩施工与承载力设计具有一定的工程指导意义.

关键词：静压桩径向应力黏土桩侧承载力离心模型

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