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Health insurance and social capital inGhana: a cluster randomised controlled trial

Global Health Research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 14-24页

作者： christine j.fenenga Katalin Buzasi Daniel K.Arhinful Stephen K.O.Duku Alice Ogink Wouter Poortinga Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development Paasheuvelweg 241105 BP AmsterdamThe Netherlands University of Groningen Broerstraat 59712 CP GroningenThe Netherlands Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 11051081 HV AmsterdamThe Netherlands Tinbergen Institute Gustav Mahlerplein 1171082 MS AmsterdamThe Netherlands Cardiff University Cardiff CF103ATWalesUK

Background:The National Health Insurance Scheme(NHIS)was introduced in Ghana in 2003,enrolment is still far from the desired target of universal *** community engagement in the design and management of the system was identified as one of the main *** aim of the current study was to explore the role of social capital in NHIS enrolment in two regions of Ghana,Western and Greater ***:The study involved a cluster-randomised controlled trial of 3246 clients of 64 healthcare facilities who completed both a baseline and a follow-up ***-two facilities were randomly selected to receive two types of *** remaining facilities served as *** interventions were co-designed with *** and follow up surveys included measures of different types of social capital,as well as enrolment in the health insurance ***:The study found that the interventions encouraged NHIS enrolment(from 40.29 to 49.39%(intervention group)versus 36.49 to 36.75%(control group)).Secondly,certain types of social capital are associated with increased enrolment(log-odds ratios(p-values)of three types of vertical social capital are 0.127(<0.01),0.0952(<0.1)and 0.15(<0.01)).Effectiveness of the interventions was found dependent on initial levels of social capital:respondents with lowest measured level of interpersonal trust in the intervention group were about 25%more likely to be insured than similar respondents in the control *** highly trusting respondents this difference was *** was however no evidence that the interventions effect social *** of the study are ***:We showed that the interventions helped to increase enrolment but that the positive effect was not realized by changes in social capital that we hypothesised based on result of the first phase of our *** research should aim to identify other community factors that are part of the enrolment process,whethe

关键词： Ghana Social capital Health insurance Marginal effects Cluster randomised controlled trial Systematic client engagement

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Disparities between Explanatory Models of Health Clients, Healthcare Providers and Health Insurer

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journal of Health Science 2016年第3期4卷 143-154页

作者： christine j. fenenga Robert Kaba Alhassan Stephen Duku Wendy janssens Daniel Arhinful Inge Hutter Population Research Centre Department of Demography Faculty of Spatial Sciences University of Groningen and at the Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development Amsterdam The Netherlands Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana and the University of Amsterdam The Netherlands Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana and the Free University of Amsterdam The Netherlands Free University of Amsterdam The Netherlands Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Accra Ghana International Institute for Social Studies The Hague The Netherlands

We present qualitative data from a study in Ghana （2011）, where the National Health Insurance Scheme （NHIS） was introduced to improve access to health care. In 2011 membership enrolment and retention in the scheme was stalling. To obtain better insights into socio-cultural factors that influence utilization of healthcare services and the NHIS this study compared Explanatory Models of healthcare clients with those of primary healthcare providers and the NHIS regarding illness, the need for, the quality of, and the control over heaithcare and health insurance services. We found critical disparities in socio-cultural beliefs and perceptions of healthcare and health insurance between these three stakeholder groups, such as the clients＇ holistic view on illness versus healthcare providers＇ bio-medical view; the clients＇ inter-relational focus in perceiving quality of services versus the providers＇ medical technical focus. These differences are leading to misconceptions, blame practice, poor services, non-adherence and low trust. The findings increase our understanding of clients＇ behavior and that of their service providers. We conclude with key messages for policy leaders and operational managers that can guide them in improving services and facilitating client trust and interest to participate in health insurance and utilize healthcare services.

关键词： Explanatory Models communication trust health insurance Ghana.

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CD133 and membrane microdomains:Old facets for future hypotheses

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第36期17卷 4149-4152页

作者： christine A Fargeas jana Karbanová józsef jászai Denis Corbeil Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) Technische Universitt DresdenD-01307 DresdenGermany

Understanding all facets of membrane microdomains in normal and cancerous cells within the digestive tract is highly important,not only from a clinical point of view,but also in terms of our basic knowledge of cellular *** studying the normal and cancer stem cell-associated molecule CD133 (prominin-1),novel aspects of the organization and dynamics of polarized epithelial cells have been revealed during the last *** association with particular membrane microdomains is highly relevant in these contexts and might also offer new avenues in diagnosis and/or targeting of cancer stem cells.

关键词： AC133 Cancer CD133 Membrane microdomains Membrane vesicles Prominin-1 Stem cell

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A peptide containing the receptor binding site of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 enhances bone mass in ovariectomized rats

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Bone Research 2018年第3期6卷 280-288页

作者： Gang Xi christine Wai Clifford j.Rosen David R.Clemmons Department of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillUSA Maine Medical Center Research Institute ScarboroughUSA

Male Igfbp2-/-mice have a significant reduction in bone mass and administration of a peptide that contains the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2(IGFBP-2) receptor-binding domain stimulates bone formation in these animals. Female Igfbp2-/-mice do not have this phenotype but following ovariectomy(OVX) lose more bone than OVX wild-type mice. This suggests that in the absence of estrogen, IGFBP-2 is required to maintain bone mass. Therefore these studies were undertaken to determine if this peptide could stimulate bone acquisition in OVX rats. OVX rats were divided into seven treatment groups: sham animals, OVX animals, OVX animals receiving a control scrambled peptide, or one of three doses of the active peptide termed PEG-HBD-1(0.7, 2,and 6 mg·kg^(-1)) and an OVX group receiving parathyroid hormone(PTH)(50 μg·kg-1 per day). The peptides were administered for8 weeks. DXA revealed a significant reduction in femoral and tibial areal bone mineral density(aBMD) after OVX, whereas treatment with the high-dose peptide increased aBMD by 6.2% ± 2.4%(P < 0.01) compared to control peptide; similar to the increase noted with PTH(5.6% ± 3.0%, P < 0.01). Similar increases were noted with two lower doses of the peptide(3.8% ± 1.5%, P < 0.05 for low dose; 3.1% ± 1.6%, P = 0.07 for middle dose). Micro CT showed that the OVX control peptide animals had reductions of 41% and64% in femoral trabecular BV/TV and trabecular number, respectively. All three doses of the peptide increased bone volume/total volume(BV/TV) significantly, while the low and middle doses increased trabecular number. Cortical BV/TV and thickness at the midshaft increased significantly with each dose of peptide(18.9% ± 9.8%, P < 0.01 and 14.2% ± 7.9%, P < 0.01 for low dose; 23.7% ±10.7%, P < 0.001 and 15.8% ± 6.1%, P < 0.001 for middle dose; 19.0% ± 6.9%, P < 0.01 and 16.2% ± 9.7%, P < 0.001 for high dose)and with PTH(25.8% ± 9.2%, P < 0.001 and 19.4% ± 8.8%, P < 0.001). Histomorphometry showed that the low

关键词： insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 OVX wild-type mice

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Effects of historically familiar and novel predator odors on the physiology of an introduced prey

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 53-59页

作者： Valentina S. A. MELLA christine E. COOPER Stephen j. j. F. DAVIES Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Perth WA 6845 Australia

Predator odors can elicit fear responses in prey and predator odor recognition is generally associated with physiological responses. Prey species are often more likely to respond to the odor of familiar ra- ther than alien predators. However, predator na＇ivety in an introduced prey species has rarely been investigated. We examined the physiological response, as shown by changes in ventilatory vari- ables, of an introduced terrestrial herbivore, the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus, in Australia, to the odor of potential predators and to control odors （distilled water and horse）, to explore if res- ponses were limited to historical （cat and fox） predators, or extended to historically novel predators （snake and quoll）. All odors except distilled water elicited a response, with rabbits showing long- term higher respiratory frequencies and lower tidal volumes after introduction of the odors, indi- cating an increase in alertness. However, the intensity of the rabbits＇ reaction could not be directly linked to any pattern of response with respect to the history of predator-prey relationships. Rabbits exhibited significantly stronger reactions in response to both cat and quoll odors than they did to dis- tilled water, but responses to horse, fox, and snake odor were similar to that of water. Our results show that the introduced rabbit can respond to both historical and novel predators in Australia, and suggest that shared evolutionary history is not necessarily a prerequisite to predator odor recognition.

关键词： physiology ventilation predator odor rabbit introduced prey predator naivety.

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Feeding the world: impacts of elevated [CO_(2)] on nutrient content of greenhouse grown fruit crops and options for future yield gains

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Horticulture Research 2023年第4期10卷 83-100页

作者： Nicholas H.Doddrell Tracy Lawson christine A.Raines Carol Wagstaff Andrew j.Simkin NIAB New RoadEast MallingKentME196BJ UK Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of ReadingWhiteknightsReadingBerkshire RG66DZUK School of Life Sciences University of EssexColchester CO44SQUK School of Biosciences University of KentCanterburyUnited Kingdom CT27NJUK

Several long-term studies have provided strong support demonstrating that growing crops under elevated[CO_(2)]can increase photosynthesis and result in an increase in yield,flavour and nutritional content(including but not limited to Vitamins C,E and pro-vitamin A).In the case of tomato,increases in yield by as much as 80%are observed when plants are cultivated at 1000 ppm[CO_(2)],which is consistent with current commercial greenhouse productionmethods in the tomato fruit *** results provide a clear demonstration of the potential for elevating[CO_(2)]for improving yield and quality in greenhouse *** major focus of this review is to bring together 50 years of observations evaluating the impact of elevated[CO_(2)]on fruit yield and fruit nutritional *** the final section,we consider the need to engineer improvements to photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation to allow plants to take greater advantage of elevated CO_(2) growth conditions.

关键词： crops greenhouse content

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Does a giant tortoise taxon substitute enhance seed germination of exotic fleshy-fruited plants?

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journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第1期6卷 57-63页

作者： Annika Waibel christine j.Griffiths Nicolas Zuel Bernhard Schmid Matthias Albrecht Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Grannum RoadVacoasMauritius School of Biological Sciences University of BristolWoodland RoadBristol BS81UGUK Present address:Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies Department of Biodiversity and Conservation (‘Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas-Universitat de les Illes Balears’)Miquel Marques 2107190 EsporlesMallorcaBalearic IslandsSpain

Aims The use of exotic species as taxon substitutes to restore lost ecological interactions is currently hotly *** gigantea giant tortoises have recently been introduced to three islands in the Mascarene archipelago(Ile aux Aigrettes,Round Island and Rodrigues)to resurrect herbivory and seed dispersal functions once performed by extinct giant ***,potential unintended impacts by frugivore substitutes on native ecosystems,*** they will facilitate the germination of exotic plant species,are largely *** investigated whether *** introduced to Rodrigues in 2006 could enhance the germination percentage of four widespread fleshy-fruited exotic species on the *** germination trials to forecast unintended impacts that could arise from the introduction of a frugivorous taxon substitute enables conservation managers to limit potential adverse negative interactions before they *** In germination trials that ran over 4 months,we investigated the effects of ingestion(gut passage and deposition in faeces)by subadult and adult *** on the germination percentage of four exotic fleshy-fruited plant species introduced to *** fed fruits of these plant species to sub-adult and adult *** to test how variation in age and size of the frugivore would affect seed *** of distinctly coloured plastic pellets together with the fruits allowed us to test for individual tortoise effects on seed *** Findings Ingestion by *** increased the percentage of seeds germinating of Mimusops coriacea and Lantana camara,but not percentage of germination of Veitchia merrillii or Wikstroemia *** were more likely to germinate following ingestion by sub-adult rather than adult tortoises,which may be a consequence of the shorter gut passage time observed for *** results demonstrate that introduced frugivorous taxon substitutes could facilitate germination of exot

关键词： ecological analogues exotic species invasion gut passage plant–frugivore interactions seed germination

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Role of lysosomal trafficking regulator in autophagic lysosome reformation in neurons:a disease perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 957-958页

作者： Prashant Sharma jenny Serra-Vinardell Wendy j.Introne May christine V.Malicdan NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program Common FundOffice of the DirectorNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Human Biochemical Genetics Section Medical Genetics BranchNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA(Serra-Vinardell JIntrone)

Lysosomes are discrete organelles that act as recycling centers for extracellular and intracellular materials,playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular *** acidic environment,maintained by numerous hydrolytic enzymes,facilitates substrate *** in lysosomal processes can lead to abnormal substrate degradation,significantly impacting cellular *** energy-demanding cells,such as post-mitotic neurons,are especially vulnerable to these changes,often resulting in neurological ***,a conserved catabolic process,requires extensive lysosomal *** plays a key role in removing unnecessary intracellular components,ensuring cellular homeostasis,and promoting cell survival during stress conditions such as starvation,infection,or cellular damage.

关键词： homeostasis lysosomal removing

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Risk stratification for malignant progression in Barrett's esophagus: Gender, age, duration and year of surveillance

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第48期22卷 10592-10600页

作者： Piers Gatenby Santanu Bhattacharjee christine Wall christine Caygill Anthony Watson United Kingdom Barrett’s Oesophagus Registry UCL Regional Oesophagogastric Unit Royal Surrey County Hospital Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Surrey Division of Surgery and Interventional Science UCL Royal Free Campus

AIM To clarify risk based upon segment length, diagnostic histological findings, patient age and year of surveillance, duration of surveillance and *** Patients registered with the United Kingdom Barrett's Oesophagus Registry from 9 United Kingdom centers were included. The outcome measures were(1) development of all grades of dysplasia;(2) development of high-grade of dysplasia or adenocarcinoma; and(3) development of adenocarcinoma. Prevalent cases and subjects with < 1 year of follow-up were excluded. The covariates examined were segment length, previous biopsy findings, age at surveillance, duration of surveillance, year of surveillance and *** One thousand and one hundred thirty six patients were included(total 6474 patient-years). Fifty-four patients developed adenocarcinoma(0.83% per annum), 70 developed high-grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma(1.1% per annum) and 190 developed any grade of dysplasia(3.5% per annum). High grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma increased with age and duration of surveillance. The risk of low-grade dysplasia development was not dependent on age at surveillance. Segment length and previous biopsy findings were also significant factors for development of dysplasia and *** The risk of development of low-grade dysplasia is independent of age at surveillance, but high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma were more commonly found at older age. Segment length and previous biopsy findings are also markers of risk. This study did not demonstrate stabilisation of the metaplastic segment with prolonged surveillance.

关键词： Dysplasia Barrett’s esophagus Esophageal neoplasms Public health Epidemiology Surveillance

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Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of High Alloyed Austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo Stainless Steels by Solution Nitriding

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 316-321页

作者： christine Eckstein Heinz- joachim Spies jochen Albrecht Dept. of Materials Eng. Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/GermanyDept. of Materials Eng. Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/GermanyInstitut Fresenius GmbH Solid State Analytic Zur Wetterwarte 10Haus 107 01109 Dresden Germany

Characteristic features of austenitic steel grades combine a good corrosion resistance with a low hardness, wear resistance and scratch resistance. An interesting possibility for improving the wear behaviour of these steels without loss of their corrosion resistance lies in enriching the near surface region with nitrogen. The process of a solution nitriding allows the rise of the solution of nitrogen in the solid phase. On this state nitrogen increases the corrosion resistance and the tribilogical load-bearing capacity. The aim of the study was, to investigate the improvement of the pitting corrosion behaviour by solution nitriding. A special topic was to observe the effect of nitrogen by different molybdenum content. So austenitic stainless steels (18% Cr, 12% Ni, Mo gradation between 0.06 to 3.6%) had been solution nitrided. The samples could be prepared with various surface content of nitrogen from 0.04 to 0.45% with a step-by-step grinding. The susceptibility against pitting corrosion of these samples had been tested by determination of the stable pitting potential in 0.5M and 1M NaCl at 25°C. For the investigated steel composition and the used corrosion system there is no influence of molybdenum on the effectiveness of nitrogen. The influence of nitrogen to all of the determined parameters can be described well by PRE = Cr + 3,3 * Mo + 25 *N. XPS analysis of the sample surfaces support the results of the pitting corrosion *** surface investigations with an acid elektolyte (0,1M HC1 + 0,4M NaCl) were performed. In this case the passivation effective nitrogen content increases markedly with rising molybdenum concentration of the steel. Obviously an interaction of Mo and N is connected with a strongly acid electrolyte.

关键词：耐蚀性奥氏体不锈钢 Cr-Ni-Mo 渗氮 PRE 稳定点蚀电位

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