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Towards explicit representation of an artificial neural network model: Comparison of two artificial neural network rule extraction approaches

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Petroleum 2020年第4期6卷 329-339页

作者： Veronica K.h.Chan christine W.Chan Energy Informatics Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaReginaSK S4S 0A2Canada

In the quest for interpretable models,two versions of a neural network rule extraction algorithm were proposed and *** two algorithms are called the Piece-Wise Linear Artificial Neural Network(PWL-ANN)and enhanced Piece-Wise Linear Artificial Neural Network(enhanced PWL-ANN)*** PWL-ANN algorithm is a decomposition artificial neural network(ANN)rule extraction algorithm,and the enhanced PWL-ANN algorithm improves upon the PWL-ANN algorithm and extracts multiple linear regression equations from a trained ANN model by approximating the hidden sigmoid activation functions using N-piece linear *** doing so,the algorithm provides interpretable models from the originally trained opaque ANN models.A detailed application case study illustrates how the generated enhanced-PWL-ANN models can provide understandable IF-ThEN rules about a problem *** of the results generated by the two versions of the PWL-ANN algorithm showed that in comparison to the PWL-ANN models,the enhanced-PWL-ANN models support improved fidelities to the originally trained ANN *** results also showed that more concise rule sets could be generated using the enhanced-PWL-ANN *** a more simplified set of rules is desired,the enhanced-PWL-ANN algorithm can be combined with the decision tree *** application of the algorithms to domains related to petroleum engineering can help enhance understanding of the problems.

关键词： Artificial neural networks Rule extraction Regression problem Algorithm design

Genetic down-regulation of gibberellin results in semi-dwarf poplar but few non-target effects on chemical resistance and tolerance to defoliation

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第1期12卷 124-136页

作者： christine Buhl Steven h.Strauss Richard L.Lindroth Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin-Madison1630 Linden DriveMadisonWI 53706USA Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University321 Richardson HallCorvallisOR 97331USA Present address:2600 State Street SalemOR 97310USA

Aims Plant stature can be strongly modified via regulation of endog-enous levels and signalling of the plant hormone gibberellin(GA).Down-regulation of GA can produce semi-dwarf tree varieties with improved qualities such as reduced susceptibility to wind damage,enhanced root growth and more compact ***,these modifications may have unintended,non-target consequences for defence against herbivores,via either of two mechanisms:(i)reduced biomass production may cause trade-offs with chemical resistance traits,as predicted by the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis,and(ii)altered biomass allocation to either roots or pho-tosynthetic tissues may affect regrowth potential and thus tolerance to *** We studied GA down-regulated(GE)and non-transgenic wild-type hybrid poplar(Populus alba×***)in an outdoor,above-ground common garden and defoliated half of all replicate trees to simulate *** then quantified the independent and inter-active effects of genotype and defoliation on growth and chemical resistance-related traits,including phenolic glycosides(PGs),con-densed tannin and *** also calculated tolerance to defo-liation as the differential in relative growth between undefoliated and defoliated *** Findings Our results indicate that two of the four GA down-regulated geno-types had significantly reduced stem height,basal diameter,vol-ume(d2h),total biomass and increased allocation to leaves relative to the wild *** of those two genotypes also had reduced allocation to *** and sometimes both of these same two genotypes also had at least 20%lower levels of condensed tannins and PGs and similar increases in lignin and ***,as calculated by the differential in relative growth between unde-foliated and defoliated trees,was similar among all experimental ***,two GE genotypes flushed fewer leaves in response to defoliation relative to the wild *** results indi-cate

关键词： genetic modification gibberellic acid Populus pest susceptibility tolerance resistance

Practical Considerations and Limitations of Using Leaf and Canopy Temperature Measurements as a Stomatal Conductance Proxy:Sensitivity across Environmental Conditions,Scale,and Sample Size

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Plant Phenomics 2024年第2期6卷 416-432页

作者： Ismael K.Mayanja christine h.Diepenbrock Vincent Vadez Tong Lei Brian N.Bailey Department of Biological Systems Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA Department of Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCAUSA French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development(IRD) UMR DIADEUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance

Stomatal conductance(gs)is a crucial component of plant physiology,as it links plant productivity and water loss through *** gs indirectly through leaf temperature(Tl)measurement is common for reducing the high labor cost associated with direct gs ***,the relationship between observed Tl and gs can be notably affected by local environmental conditions,canopy structure,measurement scale,sample size,and gs itself.

关键词： environmental temperature conditions canopy sample proxy scale leaf across conductance

Ambient air pollution and lung disease in China： health effects, study design approaches and future research

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Frontiers of Medicine 2015年第3期9卷 392-400页

作者： Jeffrey h. Mandel christine Wendt Charles Lo Guangbiao Zhou Marshall hertz Gurumurthy Ramachandran University of Minnesota School of Public health Minneapolis MN 55455 USA University of Minnesota Medical School Veteran 's Administration Hospital Minneapolis MN 55455 USA University of Minnesota Mechanical Engineering Department Minneapolis MN 55455 USA State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beij ing 100101 China University of Minnesota Medical School Minneapolis MN 55455 USA

Ambient air pollution in China has worsened following dramatic increases in industrialization, automobile use and energy consumption. Particularly bothersome is the increase in the PM2.5 fraction of pollutants. This fraction has been associated with increasing rates of cardio-respiratory disease in China and elsewhere. Ambient pollutant levels have been described in many of China＇s cities and are comparable to previous levels in southern California. Lung cancer mortality in China has increased since the 1970s and has been higher in men and in urban areas, the exact explanation for which has not been determined. The estimation of individual risk for Chinese citizens living in areas of air pollution will require further research. Occupational cohort and casecontrol designs each have unique attributes that could make them helpful to use in this setting. Other important future research considerations include detailed exposure assessment and the possible use of biomarkers as a means to better understand and manage the threat posed by air pollution in China.

关键词： air pollution PM2.5 lung disease study design epidemiology

Feeding the world: impacts of elevated [CO_(2)] on nutrient content of greenhouse grown fruit crops and options for future yield gains

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horticulture Research 2023年第4期10卷 83-100页

作者： Nicholas h.Doddrell Tracy Lawson christine A.Raines Carol Wagstaff Andrew J.Simkin NIAB New RoadEast MallingKentME196BJ UK Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of ReadingWhiteknightsReadingBerkshire RG66DZUK School of Life Sciences University of EssexColchester CO44SQUK School of Biosciences University of KentCanterburyUnited Kingdom CT27NJUK

Several long-term studies have provided strong support demonstrating that growing crops under elevated[CO_(2)]can increase photosynthesis and result in an increase in yield,flavour and nutritional content(including but not limited to Vitamins C,E and pro-vitamin A).In the case of tomato,increases in yield by as much as 80%are observed when plants are cultivated at 1000 ppm[CO_(2)],which is consistent with current commercial greenhouse productionmethods in the tomato fruit *** results provide a clear demonstration of the potential for elevating[CO_(2)]for improving yield and quality in greenhouse *** major focus of this review is to bring together 50 years of observations evaluating the impact of elevated[CO_(2)]on fruit yield and fruit nutritional *** the final section,we consider the need to engineer improvements to photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation to allow plants to take greater advantage of elevated CO_(2) growth conditions.

关键词： crops greenhouse content

Precision medicine in hearing loss

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2018年第2期45卷 99-109页

作者： Jason R.Rudman christine Mei Sara E.Bressler Susan h.Blanton Xue-Zhong Liu Department of Otoloryngology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of human Cenetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA John P. hussman Institute for human Genomics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL 33136 USA

Precision medicine（PM） proposes customized medical care based on a patient＇s unique genome, biomarkers, environment and behaviors. hearing loss（hL） is the most common sensorineural disorder worldwide and is frequently caused by a single genetic mutation. With recent advances in PM tools such as genetic sequencing and data analysis, the field of hL is ideally positioned to adopt the strategies of ***, we review current and future applications of PM in hL as they relate to the four core qualities of PM（P4）： predictive, personalized, patient-centered, and participatory. We then introduce a strategy for effective incorporation of hL PM into the design of future research studies, electronic medical records,and clinical practice to improve diagnostics, prognostics, and, ultimately, individualized patient treatment. Finally, specific anticipated ethical and economic concerns in this growing era of genomics-based hL treatment are discussed. By integrating PM principles into translational hL research and clinical practice, hearing specialists are uniquely positioned to effectively treat the heterogeneous causes and manifestations of hL on an individualized basis.

关键词： Precision medicine Personalized medicine hearing loss Genetics

Nutrition risk varies according to social network type:data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

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Family Medicine and Community health 2023年第1期11卷 1-11页

作者： christine Marie Mills heather h Keller Vincent Gerard DePaul Catherine Donnelly School of Rehabilitation Therapy Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada Department of Kinesiology&health Sciences University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada health Services and Policy Research Institute Queen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada

Objective There were two primary objectives,namely:(1)to determine the social network types that Canadian adults aged 45 and older belong to and(2)to discover if social network type is associated with nutrition risk scores and the prevalence of high nutrition *** A retrospective cross-sectional *** Data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging(CLSA).Participants 17051 Canadians aged 45 years and older with data from baseline and first follow-up of the *** CLSA participants could be classified into one of seven different social network types that varied from restricted to *** found a statistically significant association between social network type and nutrition risk scores and percentage of individuals at high nutrition risk at both time *** with restricted social networks had lower nutrition risk scores and are more likely to be at nutrition risk,whereas individuals with diverse social networks had higher nutrition risk scores and are less likely to be at nutrition *** Social network type was associated with nutrition risk in this representative sample of Canadian middle-aged and older *** adults with opportunities to deepen and diversify their social networks may decrease the prevalence of nutrition *** with more restricted networks should be proactively screened for nutrition risk.

关键词： network networks likely

Pollen Germination Activates the Apical Membrane-Located RAC/ROP GTPase Switch

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Molecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 1358-1361页

作者： christine Y.-h. Chen Wen-Guang Zheng Alice Y. Cheung hen-Ming Wu Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Molecular and Cell Biology Program University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA Millipore Corporation 28820 Single Oak Drive Temecula CA 92590 USA Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA Plant Biology Graduate Program

Dear Editor, Pollen germination and tube growth underlie reproduc- tive success in flowering plants. Pollen germination, whether occurring on the stigmatic surface of the pistil or under defined medium conditions in vitro, involves producing a polarized outgrowth that extends at the tip, producing a pollen tube. RAC/ROPs, the RhO GTPases of plants, are molecu- lar switches that pivotally control the polarized pollen tube growth process. however, how RAC/ROP activities respond to conditions during germination and tube growth to signal the needed cellular events has not been examined. We show here that tobacco pollen germination rapidly induces RAC/ ROP activation, potentially affecting myriad downstream cellular processes that support pollen tube growth.

关键词： GERMINATION GUANOSINE triphosphatase POLLEN PLANTS -- Phosphorylation PLANT membranes

Effects of mountain pine beetle-killed forests on source water contributions to streamflow in headwater streams of the Colorado Rocky Mountains

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第3期11卷 496-504页

作者： christine E. WEhNER John D. STEDNICK Watershed Science Program College of Natural Resources Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523-1472 USA

Natural or human-influenced disturbances are important to the health and diversity of forests, which in turn, are important to the water quantity and quality exported from a catchment. however, human-induced disturbances （prescribed fire and harvesting） have been decreasing, and natural disturbances （fires and insects） have been increasing in frequency and severity. One such natural disturbance is the mountain pine beetle （MPB）, （Denclroctonus ponderosae） an endemic species. A recent epidemic resulted in the mortality of millions of hectares of lodgepole pine （Pinus contorta） forests in Colorado, USA. Beetle-induced tree mortality brings about changes to the hydrologic cycle, including decreased transpiration and interception with the loss of canopy cover. This study examined the effect of the mountain pine beetle kill on source water contributions to streamflow in snowmelt- dominated headwater catchments using stable isotopes （2h and ~80） as tracers. Study catchments with varying level of beetle-killed forest area （6% to 97%） were sampled for groundwater, surface water, and precipitation. Streams were sampled to assess whether beetle-killed forests have altered source water contributions to streamflow. Ground- water contributions increased with increasing beetle-killed forest area （p = 0.008）. Both rain and snow contributions were negatively correlated with beetle-killed forest area （p = 0.035 and p = 0.011, respectively）. As the beetle-killed forest area increases, so does fractional groundwater contribution to streamflow.

关键词： mountain pine beetle isotope tracers stream-flow generation headwaters