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Economic growth and nutrition transition: an empirical analysis comparing demand elasticities for foods in China and Russia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1008-1022页

作者： christine Burggraf Lena Kuhn ZHAO Qi-ran Ramona Teuber Thomas glauben Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO) College of Economics and Management China Agricultural University

This study provides empirical evidence on the link between economic growth and nutrition transition in two emerging economies, China and Russia. Both countries have experienced rising average incomes, accompanied by an increasing rate of nutrition-related chronic diseases in recent years. given the regional heterogeneity between these two countries, we analyze the extent to which income growth as a major driver of nutrition transition has a significant effect on the consumption of different food aggregates and how these effects differ between Chinese and Russian consumers. Our results indicate that with increasing household incomes over time the demand for carbohydrates decreases, while the demand for meat and dairy products, as well as fruits increases. This is a development generally known as nutrition transition. Further, we estimate a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System（QUAIDS） for nine different food aggregates for China and Russia. Our results indicate that in both countries all food aggregates have positive expenditure elasticities and are thus normal goods. Moreover, our results indicate that in 2008/2009 meat is still a luxury good in China yet a necessity good in Russia. For 2009, the highest own-price elasticities in China are found for non-meat protein sources and dairy products. Within the meat group, beef, poultry and mutton have the highest price elasticities in China. In Russia, the milk and dairy group, together with the vegetable group, is the most price-elastic food group in 2008. In line with the definition of a nutrition transition, our overall results underscore the finding that income growth in China and Russia tends to increase the demand for animal-based products much stronger than, for example, the demand for carbohydrates. Despite being a positive signal for problems of malnutrition in rural China, this trend of increasing meat consumption might further increase the incidence of chronic diseases in urban areas since there is convincing sc

关键词： Russia nutrition dairy expenditure vegetable considerably empirical household income consumed

Is routine measurement of international normalized ratio necessary as part of the investigation of patients with cardiac-type chest pain?

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第3期12卷 221-224页

作者： Samuel g.Campbell Kirk Magee Ismail Cajee Simon Field Michael B.Butler christine L.Campbell Sarah E.Bryson Charles V.Keating Emergency and Trauma Centre Queen Elizabeth II HSCHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 3A7Canada

Dear editor, Chest pain is a frequent complaint of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), and many of them are referred to the cardiology service for further investigation. At the Charles V. Keating Emergency and Trauma Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, 4,800 (6.6%) of the approximately 73,000 patients per year register with a complaint of “chest pain”, and 20% of patients are referred to cardiology. Coagulation studies, specifi cally international normalized ratio (INR) frequently part of the “routine” panel of blood tests, are ordered for patients in the ED being investigated or treated for chest pain suspected to be cardiac in nature. Recent calls to examine how much of our practice is likely to benefit patients in any way have led us to question the clinical utility of routine use of these tests.

关键词： routine patients pain

Towards explicit representation of an artificial neural network model: Comparison of two artificial neural network rule extraction approaches

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Petroleum 2020年第4期6卷 329-339页

作者： Veronica K.H.Chan christine W.Chan Energy Informatics Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaReginaSK S4S 0A2Canada

In the quest for interpretable models,two versions of a neural network rule extraction algorithm were proposed and *** two algorithms are called the Piece-Wise Linear Artificial Neural Network(PWL-ANN)and enhanced Piece-Wise Linear Artificial Neural Network(enhanced PWL-ANN)*** PWL-ANN algorithm is a decomposition artificial neural network(ANN)rule extraction algorithm,and the enhanced PWL-ANN algorithm improves upon the PWL-ANN algorithm and extracts multiple linear regression equations from a trained ANN model by approximating the hidden sigmoid activation functions using N-piece linear *** doing so,the algorithm provides interpretable models from the originally trained opaque ANN models.A detailed application case study illustrates how the generated enhanced-PWL-ANN models can provide understandable IF-THEN rules about a problem *** of the results generated by the two versions of the PWL-ANN algorithm showed that in comparison to the PWL-ANN models,the enhanced-PWL-ANN models support improved fidelities to the originally trained ANN *** results also showed that more concise rule sets could be generated using the enhanced-PWL-ANN *** a more simplified set of rules is desired,the enhanced-PWL-ANN algorithm can be combined with the decision tree *** application of the algorithms to domains related to petroleum engineering can help enhance understanding of the problems.

关键词： Artificial neural networks Rule extraction Regression problem Algorithm design

Optimizing the size of the area surveyed for monitoring a Eurasian lynx(Lynx lynx)population in the Swiss Alps by means of photographic capture–recapture

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 232-243页

作者： Fridolin ZIMMERMANN christine BREITENMOSER-WÜRSTEN Anja MOLINARI-JOBIN Urs BREITENMOSER KORA MuriSwitzerland Institute of Veterinary Virology University of BernBernSwitzerland

We studied the influence of surveyed area size on density estimates by means of camera-trapping in a low-density felid population(1-2 individuals/100 km^(2)).We applied non-spatial capture-recapture(CR)and spatial CR(SCR)models for Eurasian lynx during winter 2005/2006 in the northwestern Swiss Alps by sampling an area divided into 5 nested plots ranging from 65 to 760 km^(2).CR model density estimates(95%CI)for models M_(0)and M_(h)decreased from 2.61(1.55-3.68)and 3.6(1.62-5.57)independent lynx/100 km^(2),respectively,in the smallest to 1.20(1.04-1.35)and 1.26(0.89-1.63)independent lynx/100 km^(2),respectively,in the largest area *** model density estimates also decreased with increasing sampling area but not *** individual range overlaps in relatively small areas(the edge effect)is the most plausible reason for this positive bias in the CR *** results confirm that SCR models are much more robust to changes in trap array size than CR models,thus avoiding overestimation of density in smaller ***,when a study is concerned with monitoring population changes,large spatial efforts(area surveyed≥760 km^(2))are required to obtain reliable and precise density estimates with these population densities and recapture rates.

关键词： area surveyed density estimation Lynx lynx photographic capture-recapture Swiss Alps

Memory access optimization for particle operations in computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method simulations

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Particuology 2023年第7期78卷 97-110页

作者： Deepthi Vaidhynathan Hariswaran Sitaraman Ray grout Thomas Hauser christine M.Hrenya Jordan Musser Computational Science Center National Renewable Energy LaboratoryUnited States Research Computing University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States Chemical and Biological Engineering University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States Computational Science and Engineering National Energy Technology LaboratoryUnited States

Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method is used to model gas-solid systems in several applications in energy,pharmaceutical and petrochemical *** performance bot-tlenecks often limit the problem sizes that can be simulated at industrial *** data structures used to store several millions of particles in such large-scale simulations have a large memory footprint that does not fit into the processor cache hierarchies on current high-performance-computing platforms,leading to reduced computational *** paper specifically addresses this aspect of memory access bottlenecks in industrial scale *** use of space-flling curves to improve memory access patterns is described and their impact on computational performance is quantified in both shared and distributed memory parallelization *** Morton space flling curve applied to uniform grids and k-dimensional tree partitions are used to reorder the particle data-structure thus improving spatial and temporal locality in *** performance impact of these techniques when applied to two benchmark problems,namely the homogeneous-cooling-system and a fluidized-bed,are *** optimization techniques lead to approximately two-fold performance improvement in particle focused operations such as neighbor-list creation and data-exchange,with~1.5 times overall improvement in a fluidization simulation with 1.27 million particles.

关键词： CFD-DEM Memory access optimization Spatial reordering Performance optimization

Alpine vegetation responses to snow phenology in the Chinese Tianshan mountainous region

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第5期19卷 1307-1323页

作者： ZHANg Bo LI Xue-mei LI Chao NYIRANSENgIYUMVA christine QIN Qi-yong Faculty ofgeomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National geographic State Monitoring Lanzhou 730070China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National geographic State Monitoring Lanzhou 730070China College of Urban and Environmental Science Northwest UniversityXian 710127China

Investigating the interrelation between snow and vegetation is essential to explain the response of alpine ecosystems to climate *** on the MOD10 A1 daily cloud-free snow product and MOD13 A1 NDVI(normalized difference vegetation index)data,this study analysed the spatial and temporal patterns of snow phenology including snow onset date,snow end date,snow cover days,and vegetation phenology including the start of growing season,the end of growing season and the length of growing season in the Chinese Tianshan Mountainous Region(CTMR)from 2002 to 2018,and then investigated the snow phenological effects on the vegetation phenology among different ecogeographic zones and diverse vegetation *** results indicated that snow onset date was earlier at higher elevations and later at lower elevations,while snow end date showed opposite spatial distribution *** end of growing season occurred later on the northwest slope of the CTMR and the Yili *** earliest end of growing season was in the middle part of the CTMR.A long growing season was mainly distributed along the northern slope and the Yili Valley,while a short growing season was concentrated in the middle part of the *** response of vegetation phenology to changes in snow phenology varied among vegetation types and ecogeographic *** effect of snow phenology on vegetation phenology was more significant in IID5(Yili Valley)than in the other ecogeographic zones.A negative correlation was observed between the start of growing season and snow end date in nearly 54.78%of the study area,while a positive correlation was observed between the start of growing season and the snow end date in 66.85%of the study *** sensitivity of vegetation phenology to changes in snow cover varied among different vegetation *** onset date had the greatest effect on the start of growing season in the four vegetation cover types(alpine meadows,alpine steppes,shrubs,and alpine sparse vegetati

关键词： Snow phenology Vegetation phenology Climate change Response mechanism grey correlation analysis Chinese Tianshan Mountainous Region

水泥水化与水化硅酸钙的结构和化学组成之间的相互作用（英文）

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硅酸盐学报 2015年第10期43卷 1324-1330页

作者： Denis DAMIDOT christine LORS Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Ecole des Mines de Douai Douai 59508 France

研究了硅酸盐水泥水化动力学与水化过程中水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)形成之间的相互作用。结果表明:水泥水化反应过程中的液相组成对C-S-H的成核与生长速率有很大的影响。因此,对于不同的水泥,C_3S、C_2S和方解石表面的无序纳米C-S-H颗粒团聚体... 详细信息

研究了硅酸盐水泥水化动力学与水化过程中水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)形成之间的相互作用。结果表明:水泥水化反应过程中的液相组成对C-S-H的成核与生长速率有很大的影响。因此,对于不同的水泥,C_3S、C_2S和方解石表面的无序纳米C-S-H颗粒团聚体的结构变化很大;掺加矿物掺合料和温度变化对此也有很大影响。C-S-H的化学组成直接取决于液相组成。硅酸盐水泥水化诱导期由C-S-H的成核速率决定。同时,水泥1 d的水化程度主要与C-S-H生长模式和速率有关;影响水泥1 d水化程度的因素主要是C-S-H生长的速率和模式,以及水分子和离子透过水泥颗粒表面已形成的C-S-H层的渗透性。因此,如果调控C-S-H成核和生长的速率的参数已知,则可以有效地控制硅酸盐水泥的早期水化,特别是可有效提高水泥水化程度,在可持续发展理念的基础上达到水泥的高效利用。

关键词：硅酸盐水泥动力学水化水化硅酸钙成核与生长水化诱导期

Experimental investigation on local shear stress and turbulence intensities over a rough non-uniform bed with and without sediment using 2D particle image velocimetry

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第2期35卷 193-202页

作者： Petr Lichtneger christine Sindelar Johannes Schobesberger Christoph Hauer Helmut Habersack CD-Laboratory of Sediment Research and Management Institute of Water ManagementHydrology and Hydraulic EngineeringDepartment Water-Atmosphere-EnvironmentUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

The current work focuses on locally resolving velocities,turbulence,and shear stresses over a rough bed with locally non-uniform character.A nonporous subsurface layer and fixed interfacial sublayer of gravel and sand were water-worked to a nature-like bed form and additionally sealed in a hydraulic ***-dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry(2 D-PIV) was applied in the vertical plane of the experimental flume *** with clear water and weak sediment transport were done under slightly supercritical flow to ensure sediment transport conditions without formation of considerable sediment deposits or *** study design included analyzing the double-averaged flow parameters of the entire measurement domain and investigating the flow development at 14 consecutive vertical *** geometrical variabilities as well the presence of sediment were mainly reflected in the vertical velocity *** the vertical velocity decreased over the entire depth in presence of sediment transport,the streamwise velocity profile was reduced only within the interfacial *** the region with decelerating flow conditions,however,the streamwise velocity profile systematically increased along the entire depth *** increase in the main velocity(reduction of flow resistance)correlated with a decrease of the turbulent shear and main normal ***,effects of rough bed smoothening and drag force reduction were experimentally documented within the interfacial sublayer due to mobile ***,the current study leads to the conclusion that in nonuniform flows the maximum Reynolds stress values are a better predictor for the bed shear stress than the linearly extrapolated Reynolds stress *** is an important finding because,in natural flows,uniform conditions are rare.

关键词： Turbulence measurement Local bed shear stress Sediment transport and flow interaction Hydraulic flume experiment Particle image velocimetry

TECHNIQUES OF CONSTRUCTINg REgIONAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES: ACHIEVEMENTS

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Chinese geographical Science 1992年第4期2卷 47-66页

作者：金玉献 christine MLeigh School of geography the University of leeds leeds LS2 9JT England

The development of any analytical method should have to experience at least four stages: its initial status, growth, mature and declining. However, although the regional input-output analysis has been widely applied for more than forty years, it is still one of the most important approach in regional economic analysis and forecast at present in the world. This is due to the never ended modifications and its great potentials. In this paper, we review the historical development of the regional input-output analysis.

关键词： Input-output regional research regional input-output models