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Improvement of the Corrosion Resistance of High Alloyed Austenitic Cr-Ni-Mo Stainless Steels by Solution Nitriding

材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 316-321页

作者： christine eckstein Heinz- Joachim Spies Jochen Albrecht Dept. of Materials Eng. Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/GermanyDept. of Materials Eng. Technische Universitat Bergakademie Freiberg 09599 Freiberg/GermanyInstitut Fresenius GmbH Solid State Analytic Zur Wetterwarte 10Haus 107 01109 Dresden Germany

Characteristic features of austenitic steel grades combine a good corrosion resistance with a low hardness, wear resistance and scratch resistance. An interesting possibility for improving the wear behaviour of these steels without loss of their corrosion resistance lies in enriching the near surface region with nitrogen. The process of a solution nitriding allows the rise of the solution of nitrogen in the solid phase. On this state nitrogen increases the corrosion resistance and the tribilogical load-bearing capacity. The aim of the study was, to investigate the improvement of the pitting corrosion behaviour by solution nitriding. A special topic was to observe the effect of nitrogen by different molybdenum content. So austenitic stainless steels (18% Cr, 12% Ni, Mo gradation between 0.06 to 3.6%) had been solution nitrided. The samples could be prepared with various surface content of nitrogen from 0.04 to 0.45% with a step-by-step grinding. The susceptibility against pitting corrosion of these samples had been tested by determination of the stable pitting potential in 0.5M and 1M NaCl at 25°C. For the investigated steel composition and the used corrosion system there is no influence of molybdenum on the effectiveness of nitrogen. The influence of nitrogen to all of the determined parameters can be described well by PRE = Cr + 3,3 * Mo + 25 *N. XPS analysis of the sample surfaces support the results of the pitting corrosion *** surface investigations with an acid elektolyte (0,1M HC1 + 0,4M NaCl) were performed. In this case the passivation effective nitrogen content increases markedly with rising molybdenum concentration of the steel. Obviously an interaction of Mo and N is connected with a strongly acid electrolyte.

关键词：耐蚀性奥氏体不锈钢 Cr-Ni-Mo 渗氮 PRE 稳定点蚀电位

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Resolution of Crohn's disease and complex regional pain syndrome following treatment of paratuberculosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第13期21卷 4048-4062页

作者： J Todd Kuenstner William Chamberlin Saleh A Naser Michael T Collins Coad Thomas Dow John M Aitken Stuart Weg Grzegorz Telega Kuruvilla John David Haas Torsten M eckstein Maher Kali christine Welch Thomas Petrie Department of Pathology Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWV 25304United States Department of Gastroenterology Mountain View Regional HospitalLas CrucesNM 88011United States Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences UCF College of MedicineOrlandoFL 32816United States Department of Pathobiological Sciences the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary MedicineMadisonWI 53706United States 5 Damon Street Eau ClaireWI 54701United States Otakaro Pathways Ltd. 63 Bibiana StreetChristchurch 8011New Zealand Patients Medical Alternative Pain Management800 Second Avenue Suite 900New York CityNY 10017United States Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin 8915 W.Connell Ave.MilwaukeeWI 53226United States Department of Neurosciences Charleston Area Medical CenterCharlestonWV 25304United States Department of Chemistry University of CharlestonCharlestonWV 25304United States Department of Microbiology Colorado State UniversityImmunology and PathologyCO 80523United States CAMC Clinical Trials Center 3100 Mac Corkle Avenue S.E.Suite 806CharlestonWV 25304United States CAMC Clinical Trials Center CharlestonWV 25304United States AVIcure Bioscience LLC Superior Quartz ProductsBethlehemPA 18020United States

A cohort of family members with various chronic diseases including Crohn's disease, asthma, complex regional pain syndrome, hypothyroidism, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and lymphangiomatosis and/or evidence of infection by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis(MAP) are described in this series of case reports. MAP was cultured from the blood of three members affected by the first five diseases and there was accompanying elevated anti-MAP Ig G in two members. The patient affected by the sixth disease has a markedly elevated anti-MAP titer. The two patients affected by the first four diseases have been treated with a combination of anti-MAP antibiotics and ultraviolet blood irradiation therapy with resolution of the disease symptomatology and inability to culture MAP in post treatment blood samples. These case reports of patients with MAP infections provide supportive evidence of a pathogenic role of MAP in humans.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Complex regional pain syndrome Lym

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