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Economic growth and nutrition transition: an empirical analysis comparing demand elasticities for foods in China and Russia

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1008-1022页

作者： christine Burggraf Lena Kuhn ZHAO Qi-ran Ramona Teuber thomas Glauben Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO) College of Economics and Management China Agricultural University

This study provides empirical evidence on the link between economic growth and nutrition transition in two emerging economies, China and Russia. Both countries have experienced rising average incomes, accompanied by an increasing rate of nutrition-related chronic diseases in recent years. Given the regional heterogeneity between these two countries, we analyze the extent to which income growth as a major driver of nutrition transition has a significant effect on the consumption of different food aggregates and how these effects differ between Chinese and Russian consumers. Our results indicate that with increasing household incomes over time the demand for carbohydrates decreases, while the demand for meat and dairy products, as well as fruits increases. This is a development generally known as nutrition transition. Further, we estimate a Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System（QUAIDS） for nine different food aggregates for China and Russia. Our results indicate that in both countries all food aggregates have positive expenditure elasticities and are thus normal goods. Moreover, our results indicate that in 2008/2009 meat is still a luxury good in China yet a necessity good in Russia. For 2009, the highest own-price elasticities in China are found for non-meat protein sources and dairy products. Within the meat group, beef, poultry and mutton have the highest price elasticities in China. In Russia, the milk and dairy group, together with the vegetable group, is the most price-elastic food group in 2008. In line with the definition of a nutrition transition, our overall results underscore the finding that income growth in China and Russia tends to increase the demand for animal-based products much stronger than, for example, the demand for carbohydrates. Despite being a positive signal for problems of malnutrition in rural China, this trend of increasing meat consumption might further increase the incidence of chronic diseases in urban areas since there is convincing sc

关键词： Russia nutrition dairy expenditure vegetable considerably empirical household income consumed

Memory access optimization for particle operations in computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method simulations

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Particuology 2023年第7期78卷 97-110页

作者： Deepthi Vaidhynathan Hariswaran Sitaraman Ray Grout thomas Hauser christine M.Hrenya Jordan Musser Computational Science Center National Renewable Energy LaboratoryUnited States Research Computing University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States Chemical and Biological Engineering University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States Computational Science and Engineering National Energy Technology LaboratoryUnited States

Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method is used to model gas-solid systems in several applications in energy,pharmaceutical and petrochemical *** performance bot-tlenecks often limit the problem sizes that can be simulated at industrial *** data structures used to store several millions of particles in such large-scale simulations have a large memory footprint that does not fit into the processor cache hierarchies on current high-performance-computing platforms,leading to reduced computational *** paper specifically addresses this aspect of memory access bottlenecks in industrial scale *** use of space-flling curves to improve memory access patterns is described and their impact on computational performance is quantified in both shared and distributed memory parallelization *** Morton space flling curve applied to uniform grids and k-dimensional tree partitions are used to reorder the particle data-structure thus improving spatial and temporal locality in *** performance impact of these techniques when applied to two benchmark problems,namely the homogeneous-cooling-system and a fluidized-bed,are *** optimization techniques lead to approximately two-fold performance improvement in particle focused operations such as neighbor-list creation and data-exchange,with~1.5 times overall improvement in a fluidization simulation with 1.27 million particles.

关键词： CFD-DEM Memory access optimization Spatial reordering Performance optimization

Reforestation Programs in Southwest China:Reported Success,Observed Failure, and the Reasons Why

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第4期4卷 275-292页

作者： christine Jane Trac Stevan Harrell thomas M. Hinckley Amanda C. Henck Department of Biology University of Washington Department of Anthropology Box 353010 University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA College of Forest Resources University of Washington Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington

Ever since the disastrous floods of 1998, the Chinese government has used the Natural Forest Protection and Sloping Land Conversion Programs to promote afforestation and reforestation as means to reduce runoff, control erosion, and stabilize local livelihoods. These two ambitious programs have been reported as large-scale successes, contributing to an overall increase in China’s forest cover and to the stated goals of environmental stabilization. A small-scale field study at the project level of the implementation of these two programs in Baiwu Township, Yanyuan County, Sichuan, casts doubt upon the accuracy and reliability of these claims of success; ground observations revealed utter failure in some sites and only marginal success in others. Reasons for this discrepancy are posited as involving ecological, economic, and bureaucratic factors. Further research is suggested to determine whether these discrepancies are merely local aberrations or represent larger-scale failures in reforestation programs.

关键词： Forests afforestation reforestation grain-to-green natural forest protection plan China Sichuan Liangshan

Metasurface interferometry toward quantum sensors

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 544-550页

作者： Philip Georgi Marcello Massaro Kai-Hong Luo Basudeb Sain Nicola Montaut Harald Herrmann thomas Weiss Guixin Li christine Silberhorn thomas Zentgraf Paderborn University Department of PhysicsWarburger Str.10033098 PaderbornGermany University of Stuttgart 4th Physics InstitutePfaffenwaldring 5770569 StuttgartGermany Southern University of Science and Technology Department of Materials Science and EngineeringShenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering518055 ShenzhenChina

Optical metasurfaces open new avenues for the precise wavefront control of light for integrated quantum ***,we demonstrate a hybrid integrated quantum photonic system that is capable of entangling and disentangling two-photon spin states at a dielectric *** the interference of single-photon pairs at a nanostructured dielectric metasurface,a path-entangled two-photon NOON state with circular polarization that exhibits a quantum HOM interference visibility of 86±4% is ***,we demonstrate nonclassicality andphase sensitivity in a metasurface-based interferometer with a fringe visibility of 86.8±1.1%in the coincidence *** high visibility proves the metasurface-induced path entanglement inside the *** findings provide a promising way to develop hybrid-integrated quantum technology operating in the high-dimensional mode space in various applications,such as imaging,sensing,and computing.

关键词： surface quantum dielectric

Hyperspectral autofluorescence characterization of drusen and sub-RPE deposits in age-related macular degeneration

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Annals of Eye Science 2021年第1期6卷 20-27页

作者： Yuehong Tong thomas Ach christine A.Curcio RTheodore Smith Department of Ophthalmology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital BonnGermany Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Alabama at BirminghamALUSA

Background:Soft drusen and basal linear deposit(BLinD)are two forms of the same extracellular lipid rich material that together make up an Oil Spill on Bruch’s membrane(BrM).Drusen are focal and can be recognized *** contrast BLinD is thin and diffusely distributed,and invisible clinically,even on highest resolution OCT,but has been detected on en face hyperspectral autofluorescence(AF)imaging ex *** sought to optimize histologic hyperspectral AF imaging and image analysis for recognition of drusen and sub-RPE deposits(including BLinD and basal laminar deposit),for potential clinical ***:Twenty locations specifically with drusen and 12 additional locations specifically from fovea,perifovea and mid-periphery from RPE/BrM flatmounts from 4 AMD donors underwent hyperspectral AF imaging with 4 excitation wavelengths(λex 436,450,480 and 505 nm),and the resulting image cubes were simultaneously decomposed with our published non-negative matrix factorization(NMF).Rank 4 recovery of 4 emission spectra was chosen for each excitation ***:A composite emission spectrum,sensitive and specific for drusen and presumed sub-RPE deposits(the SDr spectrum)was recovered with peak at 510-520 nm in all tissues with drusen,with greatest amplitudes at excitationsλ_(ex)436,450 and 480 *** RPE spectra of combined sources Lipofuscin(LF)/Melanolipofuscin(MLF)were of comparable amplitude and consistently recapitulated the spectra S1,S2 and S3 previously reported from all tissues:tissues with drusen,foveal and extra-foveal ***:A clinical hyperspectral AF camera,with properly chosen excitation wavelengths in the blue range and a hyperspectral AF detector,should be capable of detecting and quantifying drusen and sub-RPE deposits,the earliest known lesions of AMD,before any other currently available imaging modality.

关键词： Age-related macular degeneration sub-RPE deposits drusen hyperspectral autofluorescence(AF)

Mechanism of friction reduction of unsaturated fatty acids as additives in diesel fuels

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Friction 2013年第3期1卷 252-258页

作者： Jean Michel MARTIN christine MATTA Maria-Isabel De Barros BOUCHET Cyrielle FOREST Thierry Le MOGNE thomas DUBOIS Michael MAZARIN Laboratory of Tribology and System Dynamics Ecole Centrale de Lyon69134 EcullyFrance TOTAL CReSBP2269360 Solaize CedexFrance

This paper investigates the effect of unsaturated fatty acid additives on the lubricating properties of a biodiesel,composed of a blend of fatty acid methyl esters(FAMEs)and a conventional diesel *** presence of fatty acids as additives for biodiesel improves their lubricating properties at elevated temperature *** formation of a protective lubricating tribochemical film on the steel contact surfaces has been *** temperature conditions and possibly oxygen are needed to form this film that reduces friction and limits *** analytical tools have revealed the insulating nature of the formed tribofilm and its chemical ***-induced reticulation is thought to play a major role in the growth of this insulating film.

关键词： biodiesel low friction fatty acids tribochemistry surface analysis

TUNED MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ACHIEVED BY VARYING POLYMER STRUCTURE-KNOWLEDGE THAT GENERATES NEW MATERIALS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2007年第2期25卷 113-118页

作者： Anna Finne Wistrand Ann-christine Albertsson Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholmSweden

By changing both the monomer composition and the polymer structure, we have varied the mechanical properties of resorbable polymers. The polymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization using L-lactide （LLA）, ε-caprolactone （εCL）, trimethylene carbonate （TMC） and 1,5-dioxepan-2-one （DXO） as monomers. Well-defined triblock copolymers, microblock copolymers and networks have been evaluated, and comparisons between them show that it is possible to tune the mechanical properties. Triblock copolymers with an amorphous middle block of poly（1,5-dioxepan-2- one）（PDXO） and semi-crystalline end-blocks of poly（ε-caprolactone）（PCL） were stronger and had a higher strain at break than triblock copolymers with poly（L-lactide）（PLLA） as end-blocks. Polymers with both DXO and TMC in the amorphous middle-block and PLLA as end-blocks showed a lower stress at break, but the material gained elasticity, a property which is very valuable in tissue engineering. Mechanical properties of networks, synthesized by a novel method, containing PDXO and PCL are also presented. Although it is difficult to compare them with the uncross-linked polymers, this is an additional way to modify and widen the properties.

关键词： Degradable polymer Tuneable mechanical properties Molecular architecture Block copolymers Networks.

Link prediction in complex networks via modularity-based belief propagation

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Chinese Physics B 2017年第3期26卷 604-614页

作者：赖大荣舒欣 christine Nardini School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration of Ministry of Education Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China College of Information Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China CNR-IAC 'Mauro Picone' Via dei Taurini 19 00185 Roma Italy Personalgenomics Via delle Grazie Verona Italy

Link prediction aims at detecting missing, spurious or evolving links in a network, based on the topological information and/or nodes＇ attributes of the network. Under the assumption that the likelihood of the existence of a link between two nodes can be captured by nodes＇ similarity, several methods have been proposed to compute similarity directly or indirectly, with information on node degree. However, correctly predicting links is also crucial in revealing the link formation mechanisms and thus in providing more accurate modeling for networks. We here propose a novel method to predict links by incorporating stochastic-block-model link generating mechanisms with node degree. The proposed method first recov- ers the underlying block structure of a network by modularity-based belief propagation, and based on the recovered block structural information it models the link likelihood between two nodes to match the degree sequence of the network. Experiments on a set of real-world networks and synthetic networks generated by stochastic block model show that our proposed method is effective in detecting missing, spurious or evolving links of networks that can be well modeled by a stochastic block model. This approach efficiently complements the toolbox for complex network analysis, offering a novel tool to model links in stochastic block model networks that are fundamental in the modeling of real world complex networks.

关键词： link prediction complex network belief propagation modularity

Saliva:a challenging human fluid to diagnose brain disorders with a focus on Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2606-2610页

作者： christine Zürcher Christian Humpel University Hospital for Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria Laboratory of Psychiatry&Experimental Alzheimer’s Research Department of Psychiatry IMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Biomarkers are molecules of biological processes that help in both the diagnosis of human diseases and in follow-up assessments of therapeutic responses. Biomarkers can be measured in many human fluids, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva. The-omics methods(genomics, RNomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) are useful at measuring thousands of markers in a small volume. Saliva is a human fluid that is easily accessible, without any ethical concerns. Yet, saliva remains unexplored in regard to many human disease biomarkers. In this review, we will give an overview on saliva and how it can be influenced by exogenous factors. As we focus on the potential use of saliva as a diagnostic tool in brain disorders(especially Alzheimer's disease), we will cover how saliva is linked to the brain. We will discuss that saliva is a heterogeneous human fluid, yet useful for the discovery of biomarkers in human disorders. However, a procedure and consensus that is controlled, validated, and standardized for the collection and processing of saliva is required, followed by a highly sensitive diagnostic approach.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease biomarkers diagnosis oral-gut-brain axis periodontitis saliva