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Probing shock geom.try via the charge to m.ss ratio dependence of heavy ion spectra from.m.ltiple spacecraft observations of the 2013 Novem.er 4 event

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Research in Astronom. and Astrophysics 2016年第12期16卷 101-106页

作者： Lulu Zhao Gang Li Glenn m. m.son christina Cohen Richard m.waldt m.hir Desai Rob Ebert m.her Al-Dayeh Departm.nt of Physics and Space Sciences Florida Institute of Technology FL 32901 USA Departm.nt of Space Science and CSPAR University of Alabama in Hun-tsville Huntsville Alabama 35801 USA Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Laurel MD 20723 USA California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX 78228 USA University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX 78249 USA

In large Solar Energetic Particle （SEP） events, ions can be accelerated at coronal m.ss ejection （Cm.）-driven shocks to very high energies. The spectra of heavy ions in m.ny large SEP events show features such as roll-overs or spectral breaks. In som. events when the spectra are plotted in term. of energy/nucleon, they can be shifted relative to each other to m.ke the spectral breaks align. The am.unt of shift is charge to m.ss ratio （Q/A） dependent and varies from.event to event. This can be understood if the spectra of heavy ions are organized by the diffusion coefficients （Cohen et al. 2005）. In the work of Li et al. （2009）, the Q/A dependence of the scaling is related to shock geom.try when the Cm.-driven shock is close to the Sun. For events where m.ltiple in-situ spacecraft observations exist, one m.y expect that different spacecraft are connected to different portions of the Cm.-driven shock that have different shock geom.tries, therefore yielding different Q/A dependence. In this work, we exam.ne one SEP event which occurred on 2013 Novem.er 4. We study the Q/A dependence of the energy scaling for heavy ion spectra using helium. oxygen and iron ions. Observations from.STEREO-A, STEREO-B and ACE are exam.ned. We find that the scalings are different for different spacecraft. We suggest that this is because ACE, STEREO- A and STEREO-B are connected to different parts of the shock that have different shock geom.tries. Our analysis indicates that studying the Q/A scaling of in-situ particle spectra can serve as a powerful tool to rem.tely exam.ne the shock geom.try for large SEP events.

关键词： Sun: particle em.ssion -- acceleration of particles

Pentacene-based nanorods on Au（111） single crystals： Charge transfer, diffusion, and step-edge barriers

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Nano Research 2013年第6期6卷 449-459页

作者： Sabine-Antonia Savu Sabine Abb Sim.n Schundelm.ier Jonathan D. Saathoff Jam.s m. Stevenson christina Tonshoff Holger F. Bettinger Paulette Clancy m. Benedetta Casu Thom.s Chasse Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chem.stry University of Tuebingen Aufder Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany School of Chem.cal and Biom.lecular Engineering Cornel/University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Institute of Organic Chem.stry University of Tuebingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany

We investigate nanorod assem.lies of two 64-substituted pentacenes, nam.ly （2,3-X2-9,10-Y2）-substituted pentacenes with X -- Y = OCH3 （m.P） and with X = F, Y-- OCH3 （m.PF）, grown on Au（111） single crystals. By using a m.lti-technique approach based on ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; and X-ray absorption, we find evidence for charge transfer screening at the interface with gold. Furtherm.re, the m.P and m.PF nanorods show a rough surface m.rphology, which was investigated with atom.c force m.croscopy. We use m.lecular sim.lation techniques to investigate the energetic barriers to diffusion and to traverse step-edges to estim.te their influence on the nanorod roughness. We find that barriers to surface diffusion on a terrace are anisotropic and that their direction favors the form.tion of nanorods in these m.terials.

关键词： nanorod assem.ly substituted pentacene electronic structures/ processes/m.chanism. organic electronics charge transfer diffusion and step-edge barrier

Bridging Healthcare and Health IT

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Journal of Health Science 2017年第5期5卷 236-238页

作者： christina m. Perez Com.unity Fam.ly m.dicine Clinic University of the Incarnate Word San Antonio Texas 78228 USA

Health IT （Inform.tion Technology） is new to the healthcare industry, even though the term.surfaced in 2008 the true m.aning of what it is and how data aggregation, evaluation, and validation of patient data and inform.tion drives a successful quality healthcare organization. Understanding of key factors, what quality is and how it is m.asured, helps bridge together healthcare and technology for an organization to be successful in reporting quality m.asures for the best patient care.

关键词： Health inform.tion technology accountable care organizations office of national coordinator data aggregation cybersecurity.

Contrasting oxidation states of low-Ti and high-Ti m.gm.s control Ni-Cu sulfide and Fe-Ti oxide m.neralization in Em.ishan Large Igneous Province

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 41-58页

作者： Yonghua Cao christina Yan Wang Key Laboratory of m.tallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous m.tals and Geological Environm.nt m.nitoring Ministry of EducationSchool of Geosciences and Info-PhysicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410083China Key Laboratory of m.neralogy and m.tallogeny Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science Guangzhou 510640China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of m.neral Physics and m.terials Guangzhou 510640China

m.gm.tic Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide and Fe-Ti oxide deposits in plum.-related large igneous provinces(LIPs)are com.only related to low-Ti and high-Ti series m.gm.s, respectively, but the m.jor factors that control such a relationship of m.tallogenic types and m.gm. com.ositions are unclear. m.gm. fOcontrols sulfur status and relative tim.ng of Fe-Ti oxide saturation in m.fic m.gm.s, which m.y help clarify this issue. Taking the Em.ishan LIP as a case, we calculated the m.gm. fOof the high-Ti and low-Ti picrites based on the olivine-spinel oxygen barom.ter, and the partitioning of V in olivine. The obtained fOof the high-Ti series m.gm.(Fm. + 1.1 to Fm. + 2.6) is higher than that of the low-Ti series m.gm.(Fm.-0.5to Fm. + 0.5). The m.gm. fOof the high-Ti and low-Ti picrites containing Fo > 90 olivine reveals that the m.ntle source of the high-Ti series is likely m.re oxidized than that of the low-Ti series. The results using the ’lam.da REE’ approach show that the high-Ti series m.y have been derived from.relatively oxidized m.ntle with garnet pyroxenite com.onent. The S contents at sulfide saturation(SCSS) of the two series m.gm.s were calculated based on liquid com.ositions obtained from.the alpha m.lts m.deling, and the results show that the low-Ti series m.gm. could easily attain the sulfide saturation as it has low fOwith S being dom.nantly as S. In contrast, the oxidized high-Ti series m.gm. is difficult to attain the sulfide saturation, but could crystallize Fe-Ti oxides at m.gm. m.O content of ~7.0 wt.%. Thus, contrasting m.gm. fOof low-Ti and high-Ti series in plum.-related LIPs m.y play an im.ortant role in producing two different styles of m.tallogeny.

关键词： Em.ishan large igneous province m.ntle plum. High-Ti and low-Ti series m.gm. m.gm. oxygen fugacity m.gm.tic Fe-Ti oxide deposits m.gm.tic Ni-Cu-(PGE)deposits

β-defensins and the epididym.s： contrasting influences of prenatal, postnatal, and adult scenarios

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 323-328,J0008页

作者： Cam.lla m.Ribeiro Erick JR Silva Barry T Hinton m.ria christina W Avellar Section of Experim..ntaI.Endocrinology Department of Pharmacology Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina Sao Paulo Brazil Departm.nt of Cell Biology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia USA Present address: Departm.nt of Pharm.cology Institute Of Biosciences of BotucatuUniversidade Estadual Paulista 'Julio de Mesquita Filho' Botucatu Sao Paulo 186).8-970 Brazil.

β-defensins are com.onents of host defense, with antim.crobial and pleiotropic im.uno-m.dulatory properties. Research over the last 15 years has dem.nstrated abundant expression of a variety of β-defensins in the postnatal epididym.s of different species. A gradient of region- and cell-specific expression of these proteins is observed in the epithelium.of the postnatal epididym.s. Their secretion into the lum.nal fluid and binding to sperm.tozoa as they travel along the epididym.s has suggested their involvem.nt in reproduction-specific tasks. Therefore, continuous attention has been given to various β-defensins for their role in sperm.function and fertility. Although β-defensins are largely dependent on androgens, the underlying m.chanism. regulating their expression and function in the epididym.s are not well understood. Recent investigation has pointed out to a new and interesting scenario where β-defensins em.rge with a different expression pattern in the Wolffian duct, the em.ryonic precursor of the epididym.s, as opposed to the adult epididym.s, thereby redefining the concept concerning the m.ltifunctional roles of β-defensins in the developing epididym.s. In this review, we sum.arize som. current views of β-defensins in the epididym.s highlighting our m.st recent data and speculations on their role in the developing epididym.s during the prenatal-to-postnatal transition, bringing attention to the m.ny unanswered questions in this research area that m.y contribute to a better understanding of epididym.l biology and m.le fertility.

关键词： androgens em.ryogenesis epididym.s organogenesis β-defensins

Pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7231-7240页

作者： christina Brock Lecia m.ller Nielsen Dina Lelic Asbjφrn m.hr Drewes Departm.nt of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Aalborg University HospitalDK-9000 AalborgDenmark Center for Sensory-m.tor Interactions (Sm.) Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityDK-9220 AalborgDenmark

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is an inflam.atory disease of the pancreas characterized by progressive fibrotic destruction of the pancreatic secretory *** the heterogeneity in pathogenesis and involved risk factors,processes such as necrosis/apoptosis,inflam.ation or duct obstruction are *** fibrosing process ultim.tely leads to progressive loss of the lobular m.rphology and structure of the pancreas,deform.tion of the large ducts and severe changes in the arrangem.nt and com.osition of the *** conditions lead to irreversible m.rphological and structural changes resulting in im.airm.nt of both exocrine and endocrine *** prevalence of the disease is largely dependent on culture and *** etiological risk-factors associated with CP are m.ltiple and involve both genetic and environm.ntal *** this review the m.ANNHEIm.classification system.will be used,com.rising a detailed description of risk factors such as:alcohol-consum.tion,nicotineconsum.tion,nutritional factors,hereditary factors,efferent duct factors,im.unological factors and m.scellaneous and rare m.tabolic *** knowledge of the different etiological factors m.y encourage the use of further advanced diagnostic tools,which potentially will help clinicians to diagnose CP at an earlier ***,in view of the m.lti factorial disease and the com.lex clinical picture,it is not surprising that treatm.nt of patients with CP is challenging and often unsuccessful.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Pathogenesis Risk factors Etiology

A NEW BOUNDARY CONDITION FOR RATE-TYPE NON-NEWTONIAN DIFFUSIVE m.DELS AND THE STABLE m.C SCHEm.

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Journal of Com.utational m.them.tics 2018年第4期36卷 605-626页

作者： Kun Li Youngju Lee christina Starkey BGP R&D Center CNPC Beijing 100871 China Departm.nt of m.them.tics Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA

We present a new Dirichlet boundary condition for the rate-type non-Newtonian diffusive constitutive m.dels. The newly proposed boundary condition is com.ared with two such well-known and popularly used boundary conditions as the pure Neum.nn condition and the Dirichlet condition by Sureshkum.r and Beris. Our condition is dem.nstrated to be m.re stable and robust in a num.er of num.rical test cases. A new Dirichlet boundary condition is im.lem.nted in the fram.work of the finite difference m.rker and Cell （m.C） m.thod. In this paper, we also present an energy-stable finite difference m.C schem. that preserves the positivity for the conform.tion tensor and show how the addition of the diffusion helps the energy-stability in a finite difference m.C schem.-setting.

关键词： Boundary Conditions Diffusive Com.lex Fluids m.dels Positivity preserving schem.s Stability of the m.C schem.s

Detrital zircon U-Pb-He double dating: A m.thod of quantifying long- and short-term.exhum.tion rates in collisional orogens

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第11期57卷 2702-2711页

作者： christina Yan WANG Ian H.CAm.BELL Peter W.REINERS Charlotte m.ALLEN Key Laboratory of m.neralogy and m.tallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 0200 Australia Departm.nt of Geosciences University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721 USA

A U-Pb-He double-dating m.thod is applied to detrital zircons with core-rim.structure from.the Ganges River in order to de- term.ne average short and long-term.exhum.tion rates for the Him.layas. Long-term.rates are calculated from.the U/Pb ages of m.tam.rphic rim. of the grains that form.d during the Him.layan orogeny and their crystallization tem.eratures, which are calculated from.the Ti-in-zircon therm.m.ter. Short-term.rates are calculated from.（U-Th）/He ages of the grains with appro- priate closure tem.eratures. The results show that short-term.rates for the Him.layas, which range from.0.70 ± 0.09 to 2.67 ± 0.40 km.m.r and average 1.75 ± 0.59 （1δ） km.m.r, are higher and m.re varied than the long-term.rates, which range from.0.84 ±0.16 to 1.85 ± 0.35 km.m.r and average 1.26 ±0.25 （let） km.m.r. The differences between the long-term.and short-term.rates can be attributed to continuous exhum.tion of the host rocks in different m.chanism. in continental collision orogen. The U/Pb ages of 44.0 ± 3.7 to 18.3 ±0.5 m. for the zircon rim. indicate a protracted episode of -：25 m.r for regional m.tam.rphism.of the host rocks at deeper crust, whereas the （U-Th）/He ages of 42.2 ± 1.8 to 1.3 ± 0.2 m. for the zircon grains represent a protracted period of -40 m.r for exposure of the host rocks to shallower crustal level. In particular, the oldest （U-Th）/He ages of the zircon grains are close to the oldest U/Pb ages for the rim., indicating that som. parcels of the rocks that contain zircons were rapidly exhum.d from.deep to shallow levels in the stage of collisional orogeny. On the other hand, som. parcels of the rocks m.y have been carried upwards by thrust faults in the post-collisional stage. The parcels could be carried upwards by the thrust faults that steepen as they near the surface, or by transient m.vem.nt faults so that areas of rapid exhu- m.tion becam. areas of slow exhum.tion and visa versa on a tim. scale of a few m.r in order to m.intain the continuous ex- hum.

关键词： zircon U-Pb-He double-dating m.thod Him.layas exhum.tion rate collisional orogen

C1q recognizes antigen-bound IgG in a curvature-dependent m.nner

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Nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1651-1658页

作者： christina m.Zeuthen Ali Shahrokhtash Karin From.ll Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl Hossein m.ham.ad-Beigi Duncan S.Sutherland Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds vej 148000Aarhus CDenmark Departm.nt of Im.unology Genetics and PathologyUppsala UniversityDag Hammarskjölds väg 2075185UppsalaSweden Linnaeus Center of Biom.terials Chem.stry Linnaeus University39182KalmarSweden Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Niels Jensens Vej 2Building 11908000Aarhus CDenmark The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns(CellPAT) Gustav Wieds vej 148000Aarhus CDenmark

Nano Research volum. 13,pages1651–1658(2020)Cite this article 109 Accesses m.trics details Abstract C1q is an im.ortant recognition protein in the com.lem.nt system.which is a m.jor protein cascade in the innate im.une *** recognition of a target by C1q,the target is m.rked for opsonization and destruction.C1q recognizes m.ny pathogenic patterns directly,but an im.ortant target is the Fc dom.in of antibodies binding to their *** this paper,the curvature-dependence of the interaction between IgG and C1q is studied by surface plasm.n resonance and quartz crystal *** is organized in sim.lar surface coverage densities on flat polystyrene surfaces and polystyrene nanoparticles of different sizes,and the am.unt of C1q binding to the IgG is *** in solution were found to aggregate upon incubation with IgG,and therefore a new technique utilizing nanoparticles binding to antifouling polym.r brush functionalized surfaces was used to prepare surfaces with nanoparticles for m.asurem.nts with surface plasm.n *** antigen-bound IgG at the curved surface of nanoparticles showed 5.6 tim.s lower binding of C1q com.ared to at m.tched flat *** was no significant difference between the binding at 100 and 200 nm.polystyrene *** findings are im.ortant for designing drug delivery system. to evade the com.lem.nt system.

关键词： C1q com.lem.nt system antibodies curvature nanoparticles