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Liver bioengineering:Current status and future perspectives

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第47期18卷 6926-6934页

作者： Christopher Booth Tom Soker Pedro Baptista christina L Ross Shay Soker Umar Farooq Robert j Stratta Giuseppe Orlando Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27101United States Department of General Surgery Section of TransplantationWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston-SalemNC 27101United States

The present review aims to illustrate the strategies that are being implemented to regenerate or bioengineer livers for clinical *** are two general pathways to liver bioengineering and *** first consists of creating a supporting scaffold,either synthetically or by decellularization of human or animal organs,and seeding cells on the scaffold,where they will mature either in bioreactors or in *** strategy seems to offer the quickest route to clinical translation,as demonstrated by the development of liver organoids from rodent livers which were repopulated with organ specific cells of animal and/or human *** bioengineering has potential for transplantation and for toxicity testing during preclinical drug *** second possibility is to induce liver regeneration of dead or resected tissue by manipulating cell *** fact,it is well known that the liver has peculiar regenerative potential which allows hepatocyte hyperplasia after amputation of liver *** of autologous bone marrow cells,which aids in liver regeneration,into patients was shown to be safe and to improve their clinical condition,but the specific cells responsible for liver regeneration have not yet been determined and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.A complete understanding of the cell pathways and dynamics and of the functioning of liver stem cell niche is necessary for the clinical translation of regenerative medicine *** well,it will be crucial to elucidate the mechanisms through which cells interact with the extracellular matrix,and how this latter supports and drives cell fate.

关键词：肝脏再生生物工程种子细胞器官特异性动物肝脏生物反应器细胞外基质人类起源

Complex Effective Relative Permittivity of Soil Samples from the Taunus Region (Germany)

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journal of Earth Science 2010年第6期21卷 961-967页

作者： Katja Lauer Christian Albrecht christina Salat Peter Felix-Henningsen Institute of Soil Science and Soil Conservation Research Centre for BioSystems Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ) Justus-Liebig-University Giessen Department of Underground Space for Storage and Economic Use Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources

The most important parameter affecting ground-penetrating radar （GPR） measurements is the complex effective relative permittivity εr^＊,eff because it controls the propagation velocity and the reflection of GPR pulses. Knowing εr^＊,eff of soils passed through by electromagnetic waves increases accuracy in soil thickness and interface identification. Complex effective relative permittivity εr^＊,eff= εr^＊,eff - jεr^＊,effof 25 soil samples with textures ranging from loamy sand to silty clay was measured using the two-electrode parallelplate method. The measurements were conducted at defined water contents for frequencies from 1 MHz to 3 GHz. The results confirm the frequency dependence of εr^＊,eff and show that the dielectric behavior of soil-water mixtures is a function of water content. Applying the experimental data of this study with predictions based on the empirical model by Toppet aL （1980）, we find that Topp et aL＇s curve tends to underestimate the real part of εr^＊,eff measured. Along with frequency and water content, soil texture and organic matter affect soil permittivity. Moreover, the real part of εr^＊,eff increases at higher dry bulk densities. Output from our calibration model enables us to predict εr^＊,eff for the soil samples which were tested under the actual in situ soil water content. This results in high accuracy of soil thickness prediction.

关键词： ground-penetrating radar (GPR) complex effective relative permittivity soil sample.

Science and Technology Networks: A Helping Hand to Boost Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030?

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第1期8卷 100-105页

作者： Robert sakic Trogrlic Lydia Cumiskey Annisa Triyanti Melanie j.Duncan Nuha Eltinay Rick j.Hogeboom Mansi jasuja Chinaporn Meechaiya christina j.Pickering Virginia Murray School of Energy GeoscienceInfrastructure and SocietyHeriot-Watt University United Nations Major Group for Children and Youth Water Youth Network Flood Hazard Research Centre Middlesex UniversityThe BurroughsHendon Governance and Inclusive Development Department of GeographyPlanning and International DevelopmentUniversity of Amsterdam British Geological Survey(Natural Environment Research Council) Lyell Centre School of the Built Environment and Architecture London South Bank University Twente Water Centre University of Twente Institute for Housing and Urban Development Studies Alumni International Network Royal Dutch Water Network(Koninklijk Nederlands Water netwerk) Asian Disaster Preparedness Center(ADPC) University of Ottawa Ottawa Public Health England United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction(UNISDR)Scientific and Technical Advisory Group(STAG)

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 underlines the importance of Science and Technology(S&T) and S&T networks for effective disaster risk reduction(DRR). The knowledge of existing S&T networks and their exact role in DRR,however, is limited. This opinion piece initiates a discussion on the role of S&T networks in the implementation of the Sendai Framework. The article highlights that current practice is oriented towards a narrative that emphasizes the potential of S&T for DRR and stresses a collaborative approach delivered through networks. But a true understanding of whether and how S&T networks can mobilize and enable S&T for DRR is missing. We call for a review of existing S&T networks for DRR and the development of good practice guidelines on S&T networks for DRR. This review should include knowledge on how to overcome common challenges and maximize the benefits, along with a framework for successful evaluation of such *** knowledge would provide much needed guidance for existing and emerging networks.

关键词： Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 Science and Technology(S&T) Networks Disaster risk reduction

The grey-green divide:multi-temporal analysis of greenness across 10,000 urban centres derived from the Global Human Settlement Layer(GHSL)

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International journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 101-118页

作者： christina Corbane Pesaresi Martino Politis Panagiotis Florczyk j.Aneta Melchiorri Michele Freire Sergio Schiavina Marcello Ehrlich Daniele Naumann Gustavo Kemper Thomas European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)Directorate for SpaceSecurity&MigrationIspraVAItaly Arhs Developments S.A. LuxembourgLuxembourg Piksel S.r.l MilanoItaly

The presence of green spaces within city centres has been recognized as a valuable component of the city *** provides a variety of benefits including energy saving,improved air quality,reduced noise pollution,decreased ambient temperature and psychological *** also shows that the amount of vegetation,known as‘greenness’,in densely populated areas,can also be an indicator of the relative wealth of a ***‘grey-green divide’,the contrast between built-up areas with a dominant grey colour and green spaces,is taken as a proxy indicator of sustainable management of cities and planning of urban *** and continuous assessment of greenness in cities is therefore essential for monitoring progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal *** availability of multi-temporal greenness information from Landsat data archives together with data derived from the city centres database of the Global Human Settlement Layer(GHSL)initiative,offers a unique perspective to quantify and analyse changes in greenness across 10,323 urban centres all around the *** this research,we assess differences between greenness within and outside the built-up area for all the urban centres described by the city centres database of the *** also analyse changes in the amount of green space over time considering changes in the built-up areas in the periods 1990,2000 and *** results show an overall trend of increased greenness between 1990 and 2014 in most *** effect of greening is observed also for most of the 32 world *** conclude that using simple yet effective approaches exploiting open and free global data it is possible to provide quantitative information on the greenness of cities and its changes over *** information is of direct interest for urban planners and decision-makers to mitigate urban related environmental and social impacts.

关键词： Global human settlement layer greenness Landsat data records degree of urbanization urban centres built-up areas sustainable development goal 11

Towards maximized utilization of iridium for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2275-2280页

作者： Marc Ledendecker Simon Geiger Katharina Hengge joohyun Lim Serhiy Cherevko Andrea M. Mingers Daniel Gohl Guilherme V. Fortunato Daniel jalalpoor Ferdi Schuth christina Scheu Karl j. j. Mayrhofer Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering Nanoanalytics and Interfaces Max-Planck-Institut fur Eisenforschung GmbH40237 DusseldorfGermany Department of Heterogeneous Catalysis Max-Planck-Institut fur KohlenforschungKaiser- Wilhelm-Platz 145470 Mulheim an der RuhrGermany Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nurnbergfar Renewable Energy (IEK-11) Forschungszentrum Jillich91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Friedrich-Alexander- Universitat Erlangen -Nurnberg91058 ErlangenGermany Institute of Chemistry Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do SulAv. Senador Filin to Muller1555Campo GrandeMS 79074-460Brazil

The reduction in noble metal content for efficient oxygen evolution catalysis is a crucial aspect towards the large scale commercialisation of polymer electrolyte membrane *** catalytic stability and activity are inversely related,long service lifetime still demands large amounts of low-abundant and expensive *** this manuscript we elaborate on the concept of maximizing the utilisation of iridium for the oxygen evolution *** combining different tin oxide based support materials with liquid atomic layer deposition of iridium oxide,new possibilities are opened up to grow thin layers of iridium oxide with tuneable noble metal ***-situ,time-and potential-resolved dissolution experiments reveal how the stability of the substrate and the catalyst layer thickness directly affect the activity and stability of deposited iridium *** on our results,we elaborate on strategies how to obtain stable and active catalysts with maximized iridium utilisation for the oxygen evolution reaction and demonstrate how the activity and durability can be tailored *** results highlight the potential of utilizing thin noble metal films with earth abundant *** for future catalytic applications in the energy sector.

关键词： oxygen evolution reaction liquid atomic layer depositi on catalysis iridium core-shell nano particles

Sexual selection for bright females prevails under light pollution

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Current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 329-331页

作者： christina Elgert Topi K.LEHTOMEN Arja KAiTALA Ulrika Candolin Organismal and Evolutionary Biology University of HelsinkiHelsinkiPO Box 6500014Finland Tvarminne Zoological Station University of HelsinkiJ.A.Palmenin tie 260Hanko10900Finland Department of Ecology and Genetics University of OuluOuluPO Box 300000014Finland90014

The functions of sexually selected traits are particularly sensitive to changes in the environment because the traits have evolved to increase mating success under local environmental conditions(Rosenthal and Stuart-Fox 2012).When environmental conditions change,previously reliable signals may become less reliable or harder to detect and *** the correct expression,transmission,and interpretation of sexual signals typically influence mate choice outcomes,impediments to sexual signals can change both the strength and the direction of sexual selection(Rosenthal and Stuart-Fox 2012).Artificial light is a major anthropogenic disturbance that is intensifying around the world and has high potential to negatively impact wildlife,for example by hampering the expression and detection of sexual signals.

关键词： environmental change mate choice mate attraction reproduction sexual selection

TOLs Function as Ubiquitin Receptors in the Early Steps of the ESCRT Pathway in Higher Plants

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Molecular Plant 2020年第5期13卷 717-731页

作者： jeanette Moulinier-Anzola Maximilian Schwihla Lucinda De-Araujo christina Artner Lisa jorg Nataliia Konstantinova Christian Luschnig Barbara Korbei Institute of Molecular Plant Biology Department of Applied Genetics and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna(BOKU)Muthgasse 181190 ViennaAustria Department of Molecular Toxicology and Environment Biotechnology Center-Eduardo Mondlane UniversityAv.de MocambiqueKm 1.5.MaputoMozambique Institute of Science and Technology Austria(1ST Austria) Am Campus 13400 KlosterneuburgAustria

Protein abundance and localization at the plasma membrane(PM)shapes plant development and mediates adaptation to changing environmental *** is regulated by ubiquitination,a post-translational modification crucial for the proper sorting of endocytosed PM proteins to the vacuole for subsequent *** understand the significance and the variety of roles played by this reversible modification,the function of ubiquitin receptors,which translate the ubiquitin signature into a cellular response,needs to be *** this study,we show that TOL(TOM1-like)proteins function in plants as multivalent ubiquitin receptors,governing ubiquitinated cargo delivery to the vacuole via the conserved Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport(ESCRT)***2 and TOL6 interact with components of the ESCRT machinery and bind to K63-linked ubiquitin via two tandemly arranged conserved ubiquitin-binding *** of these domains results not only in a loss of ubiquitin binding but also altered localization,abolishing TOL6 ubiquitin receptor *** and localization of TOL6 is itself regulated by ubiquitination,whereby TOL6 ubiquitination potentially modulates degradation of PM-localized cargoes,assisting in the fine-tuning of the delicate interplay between protein recycling and *** together,our findings demonstrate the function and regulation of a ubiquitin receptor that mediates vacuolar degradation of PM proteins in higher plants.

关键词： ubiquitination ESCRT pathway ubiquitin receptor plasma membrane protein degradation

Enhanced data and methods for improving open and free global population grids:putting‘leaving noonebehind’into practice

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International journal of Digital Earth 2020年第1期13卷 61-77页

作者： Sergio Freire Marcello Schiavina Aneta j.Florczyk Kytt MacManus Martino Pesaresi christina Corbane Olena Borkovska jane Mills Linda Pistolesi john Squires Richard Sliuzas European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschedeNetherlands Columbia University CIESIN Geoscience PalisadesNYUSA

Data on global population distribution are a strategic resource currently in high demand in an age of new Development Agendas that call for universal inclusiveness of ***,quality,detail,and age of census data varies significantly by country and suffers from shortcomings that propagate to derived population grids and their *** this work,the improved capabilities of recent remote sensing-derived global settlement data to detect and mitigate major discrepancies with census data is *** layers mapping builtup presence were used to revise census units deemed as‘unpopulated’and to harmonize population distribution along *** procedures to detect and mitigate these anomalies,while minimizing changes to census geometry,preserving the regional distribution of population,and the overall counts were developed,tested,and *** two procedures employed for the detection of deficiencies in global census data obtained high rates of true positives,after verification and *** also show that the targeted anomalies were significantly mitigated and are encouraging for further uses of free and open geospatial data derived from remote sensing in complementing and improving conventional sources of fundamental population statistics.

关键词： Population statistics census built-up areas GPW GHSL

New developments and controversies in iron metabolism and iron chelation therapy

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World journal of Methodology 2016年第1期6卷 1-19页

作者： christina N Kontoghiorghe George j Kontoghiorghes Post-graduate Research Institute of Science TechnologyEnvironment and Medicine

Iron is essential for all organisms including microbial,cancer and human cells. More than a quarter of the human population is affected by abnormalities of iron metabolism, mainly from iron deficiency and iron overload. Iron also plays an important role in free radical pathology and oxidative damage which is observed in almost all major diseases, cancer and ageing. New developments include the complete treatment of iron overload and reduction of morbidity and mortality in thalassaemia using deferiprone and selected deferiprone/deferoxamine combinations and also the use of the maltol iron complex in the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. There is also a prospect of using deferiprone as a universal antioxidant in non iron overloaded diseases such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, renal, infectious diseases and cancer. New regulatory molecules of iron metabolism such as endogenous and dietary chelating molecules, hepcidin, mitochondrial ferritin and their role in health and disease is under evaluation. Similarly, new mechanisms of iron deposition, removal, distribution and toxicity have been identified using new techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging increasing our understanding of iron metabolic processes and the targeted treatment of related diseases. The uniform distribution of iron in iron overload between organs and within each organ is no longer valid. Several other controversies such as the toxicity impact of non transferrin bound iron vs injected iron, the excess levels of iron in tissues causing toxicity and the role of chelation on iron absorption need further investigation. Commercial interests of pharmaceutical companies and connections to leading journals are playing a crucial role in shaping worldwide medical opinion on drug sales and use but also patients' therapeutic outcome and safety. Major controversies include the selection criteria and risk/benefit assessment in the use of deferasirox in thalassaemia and more so in idiopathic haemochr

关键词： Iron metabolism Iron chelation therapy Deferiprone Deferoxamine Deferasirox Iron diseases Medical journals Controversies