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β-defensins and the epididymis： contrasting influences of prenatal, postnatal, and adult scenarios

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第2期18卷 323-328,J0008页

作者： Camilla M Ribeiro Erick JR Silva Barry T Hinton Maria christina W Avellar Section of Experime.ntaI.Endocrinology Department of Pharmacology Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina Sao Paulo Brazil Department of Cell Biology University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville Virginia USA Present address: Department of Pharmacology Institute Of Biosciences of BotucatuUniversidade Estadual Paulista 'Julio de Mesquita Filho' Botucatu Sao Paulo 186).8-970 Brazil.

β-defensins are components of host defense, with antimicrobial and pleiotropic immuno-modulatory properties. Research over the last 15 years has demonstrated abundant expression of a variety of β-defensins in the postnatal epididymis of different species. A gradient of region- and cell-specific expression of these proteins is observed in the epithelium of the postnatal epididymis. Their secretion into the luminal fluid and binding to spermatozoa as they travel along the epididymis has suggested their involvement in reproduction-specific tasks. Therefore, continuous attention has been given to various β-defensins for their role in sperm function and fertility. Although β-defensins are largely dependent on androgens, the underlying mechanisms regulating their expression and function in the epididymis are not well understood. Recent investigation has pointed out to a new and interesting scenario where β-defensins emerge with a different expression pattern in the Wolffian duct, the embryonic precursor of the epididymis, as opposed to the adult epididymis, thereby redefining the concept concerning the multifunctional roles of β-defensins in the developing epididymis. In this review, we summarize some current views of β-defensins in the epididymis highlighting our most recent data and speculations on their role in the developing epididymis during the prenatal-to-postnatal transition, bringing attention to the many unanswered questions in this research area that may contribute to a better understanding of epididymal biology and male fertility.

关键词： androgens embryogenesis epididymis organogenesis β-defensins

Vitellogenin expression in the oilseed rape pest Meligethes aeneus

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Insect Science 2019年第2期26卷 274-282页

作者： Caroline Kaiser christina Lazaridou Karl-Martin Vagn Jen sen Rodrigo Labouriau Michael Kristenseni Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Slagelse Denmark Department of Agricultural Technology Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece Department of Mathematics Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark

When investigating insecticide resistance of pest insects, for example, the pollen beetle Meligethes aeneus, it is relevant to differentiate toxicological and molecular genetic data between male and female specimens. A molecular sex determination method would allow resistance testing to be run without prior sorting of the samples. A one-step quantitative RT-PCR method for quantification of the yolk protein vitellogenin expression in the pollen beetle was established. The expression level of vitellogenin relative to tubulin was determined. Pollen beetles were tested at different time points during their development to determine if vitellogenin is a reliable molecular marker for detection of sexually mature females. The differentiation between females and males by relative expression of vitellogenin to tubulin is conditional regarding the life cycle. Sexually mature females and males could easily be distinguished, whereas immature specimens could not be seperated. Vitellogenin expression is a successful marker for identification of sexually mature pollen beetles. Females from the spring populations showed vitellogenin expression when the temperature was above 10.2°C. Further, detailed observations of vitellogenin throughout the spring indicated a strong relationship between daily temperatures and vitellogenin expression, which is an indicator of oviposition ability.

关键词： Brassicogethes aeneus egg yolk protein gene expression oilseed rape oviposition pollen beetle qRT-PCR

Ray Wu's Golden Rules:How he achieved greatness in work,and in life

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第2期52卷 101-107页

作者： Albert W. Wu christina C. Wu Diana K. Sugg Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health

Overview When Ray Wu passed away on February 10, 2008, he was 79, working full-time in his lab at Cornell University, and was at or near the top of his long and noteworthy career. He had developed the first method for DNA sequencing and pioneered recombinant DNA technology. He had identified key genes related to stress tolerance in plants and was poised to apply these to boost crop yields of rice and

关键词： work Figure

Microalgae contribution in enhancing the circular economy drive of biochemical conversion systems-A review

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2024年第2期7卷 95-109页

作者： Kelechi E.Anyaoha Felix Krujatz Isla Hodgkinson Roman Maletz christina Dornack Technische Universität Dresden Chair of Waste Management and Circular EconomyPratzschwitzer Str.1501796 PirnaGermany Institute of Natural Materials Technology RadebergGermany Biotopa gGmbH Center for Applied Aquaculture and Bioeconomy RadebergGermany Department of Agricultural Engineering Imo State Polytechnic OmumaNigeria

The global impact of greenhouse gas emissions requires concerted efforts to reduce emissions and energy use,and to increase carbon capture and *** the circular economy in CO_(2)sequestration systems optimises resource use and reduces the emissions burden throughout the supply *** capture from anaerobic digestion,composting and fermentation(particularly ethanol)processes offers great opportunities for climate change *** waste/by-products generated from these processes can limit the need to source nutrients from outside the system and increase the potential for circular *** integration of microalgae cultivation with each of anaerobic digestion,composting and ethanol fermentation processes provides a new model for climate change mitigation of biogenic CO_(2)and circular *** this model is limited by high energy consumption and nutrient demand,seasonal variability,operational efficiency and end-user requirements,further research and policy support will go a long way in realising the associated benefits,including in CO_(2)fixation,nutrient recovery,waste remediation and as an alternative source of animal feed.

关键词： Circular economy Anaerobic digestion Composting Microalgae

Pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7231-7240页

作者： christina Brock Lecia Mφller Nielsen Dina Lelic Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Aalborg University HospitalDK-9000 AalborgDenmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions (SMI) Department of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityDK-9220 AalborgDenmark

Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by progressive fibrotic destruction of the pancreatic secretory *** the heterogeneity in pathogenesis and involved risk factors,processes such as necrosis/apoptosis,inflammation or duct obstruction are *** fibrosing process ultimately leads to progressive loss of the lobular morphology and structure of the pancreas,deformation of the large ducts and severe changes in the arrangement and composition of the *** conditions lead to irreversible morphological and structural changes resulting in impairment of both exocrine and endocrine *** prevalence of the disease is largely dependent on culture and *** etiological risk-factors associated with CP are multiple and involve both genetic and environmental *** this review the M-ANNHEIM classification system will be used,comprising a detailed description of risk factors such as:alcohol-consumption,nicotineconsumption,nutritional factors,hereditary factors,efferent duct factors,immunological factors and miscellaneous and rare metabolic *** knowledge of the different etiological factors may encourage the use of further advanced diagnostic tools,which potentially will help clinicians to diagnose CP at an earlier ***,in view of the multi factorial disease and the complex clinical picture,it is not surprising that treatment of patients with CP is challenging and often unsuccessful.

关键词： Chronic pancreatitis Pathogenesis Risk factors Etiology

Simplified three-dimensional culture system for long-term expansion of embryonic stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第7期7卷 1064-1077页

作者： christina McKee Mick Perez-Cruet Ferman Chavez G Rasul Chaudhry OU-WB Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Oakland University Department of Biological Sciences Oakland University Beaumont Health System Royal Oak Department of Chemistry Oakland University

AIM: To devise a simplified and efficient method for long-term culture and maintenance of embryonic stem cells requiring less frequent passaging. METHODS: Mouse embryonic stem cells(ESCs) labeled with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein were cultured in three-dimensional(3-D) self-assembling scaffolds and compared with traditional two-dimentional(2-D) culture techniques requiring mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder layers or leukemia inhibitory factor. 3-D scaffolds encapsulating ESCs were prepared by mixing ESCs with polyethylene glycol tetra-acrylate(PEG-4-Acr) and thiolfunctionalized dextran(Dex-SH). Distribution of ESCs in 3-D was monitored by confocal microscopy. Viability and proliferation of encapsulated cells during long-term culture were determined by propidium iodide as well as direct cell counts and PrestoB lue(PB) assays. Genetic expression of pluripotency markers(Oct4, Nanog, Klf4, and Sox2) in ESCs grown under 2-D and 3-D cultureconditions was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression of selected stemness markers was determined by two different methods, immunofluorescence staining(Oct4 and Nanog) and western blot analysis(Oct4, Nanog, and Klf4). Pluripotency of 3-D scaffold grown ESCs was analyzed by in vivo teratoma assay and in vitro differentiation via embryoid bodies into cells of all three germ layers. RESULTS: Self-assembling scaffolds encapsulating ESCs for 3-D culture without the loss of cell viability were prepared by mixing PEG-4-Acr and Dex-SH(1:1 v/v) to a final concentration of 5%(w/v). Scaffold integrity was dependent on the degree of thiol substitution of Dex-SH and cell concentration. Scaffolds prepared using Dex-SH with 7.5% and 33% thiol substitution and incubated in culture medium maintained their integrity for 11 and 13 d without cells and 22 ± 5 d and 37 ± 5 d with cells, respectively. ESCs formed compact colonies, which progressively increased in size over time due to cell proliferation as dete

关键词： Three-dimensional culture Pluripotency Embryonic s

Liver transplantation for malignancy:current treatment strategies and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第18期20卷 5331-5344页

作者： christina Hackl Hans J Schlitt Gabriele I Kirchner Birgit Knoppke Martin Loss Department of Surgery University Hospital Regensburg93053 RegensburgGermany Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital Regensburg93053 RegensburgGermany Department of Pediatrics and Juvenile Medicine University Hospital Regensburg93053 RegensburgGermany

In 1967,Starzl et al performed the first successful liver transplantation for a patient diagnosed with *** the following,liver transplantation was considered ideal for complete tumor resection and potential cure from primary hepatic *** reports of liver transplantation for primary and metastatic liver cancer however showed disappointing results and the strategy was soon ***1996,Mazzaferro et al introduced the Milan criteria,offering liver transplantation to patients diagnosed with limited hepatocellular *** then,liver transplantation for malignant disease is an ongoing subject of preclinical and clinical *** this context,several aspects must be considered:(1)Given the shortage of deceased-donor organs,long-term overall and disease free survival should be comparable with results obtained in patients transplanted for nonmalignant disease;(2)In this regard,living-donor liver transplantation may in selected patients help to solve the ethical dilemma of optimal individual patient treatment vs organ allocation justice;and(3)Ongoing research focusing on perioperative therapy and antiproliferative immunosuppressive regimens may further reduce tumor recurrence in patients transplanted for malignant disease and thus improve overall *** present review gives an overview of current indications and future perspectives of liver transplantation for malignant disease.

关键词： Hepatocellular Fibrolamellar Carcinoma Cholangiocellular Hepatoblastoma Liver metastases

Pleiotropic effects of apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ on high-density lipoprotein functionality, adipose tissue metabolic activity and plasma glucose homeostasis

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2020年第1期34卷 14-26页

作者： Evangelia Zvintzou Eva Xepapadaki christina Kalogeropoulou Serafoula Filou Kyriakos EKypreos Department of Pharmacology University of Patras Medical SchoolRio AchaiasTK 26500Greece

Apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ(APOA-Ⅱ) is the second most abundant apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein(HDL)synthesized mainly by the liver and to a much lesser extent by the intestine. Transgenic mice overexpressing human APOA-Ⅱ present abnormal lipoprotein composition and are prone to atherosclerosis, though in humans the role for APOA-Ⅱ in coronary heart disease remains controversial. Here, we investigated the effects of overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ on HDL structure and function, adipose tissue metabolic activity, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. C57BL/6 mice were infected with an adenovirus expressing human APOA-Ⅱ or a control adenovirus Ad GFP, and five days post-infection blood and tissue samples were isolated. APOA-Ⅱ expression resulted in distinct changes in HDL apoproteome that correlated with increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. No effects on cholesterol efflux from RAW 264.7 macrophages were observed. Molecular analyses in white adipose tissue(WAT) indicated a stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation coupled with respiration for ATP production in mice overexpressing APOA-Ⅱ. Finally, overexpressed APOA-Ⅱ improved glucose tolerance of mice but had no effect on the response to exogenously administered insulin. In summary, expression of APOA-Ⅱ in C57BL/6 mice results in pleiotropic effects with respect to HDL functionality, adipose tissue metabolism and glucose utilization, many of which are beneficial to health.

关键词： apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ high-density lipoprotein adipose tissue glucose tolerance insulin sensitivity

Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis-Systematic Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 119-126页

作者： Duminda Suraweera christina Fanous Melissa Jimenez Myron J.Tong Sammy Saab Department of Medicine Olive-View Medical CenterSylmarCAUSA Department of Surgery at the University of California at Los Angeles Los AngelesCAUSA Huntington Research Institute PasadenaCAUSA Department of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles Los AngelesCAUSA

Background and Aims:Hypercholesterolemia is a common finding in patients with primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)and is a well-defined risk factor for cardiovascular ***,studies have been mixed on whether PBC patients do,in fact,have higher cardiovascular *** aim of this study is to review the current literature and provide an evidence-based assessment of cardiovascular risk in PBC ***:We performed a systematic literature search on PubMed re-garding patients with PBC and cardiovascular events from the database inception to July 1,2017.A total of 33 articles ful-filling our inclusion criteria were ***:The majority of the studies evaluated yielded no statistically significant dif-ference in cardiovascular disease in the PBC population com-pared to the general ***,some reports found a statistically significantly increase in coronary artery *** studies have looked at the specific lipid profile of pa-tients with PBC with *** these lipid ab-normalities differ by stage of disease,there is evidence to suggest that the specific lipid profile in PBC may have lower atherogenicity than in patients with hypercholesterolemia without *** looking at patients with PBC with other risk factors for cardiovascular disease,such as hypertension and metabolic syndrome,have consistently found a higher risk for cardiovascular disease in these *** treat-ment is effective in reducing lipid levels and possibly improv-ing endothelial inflammation in patients with PBC with ***:There is not enough evidence to suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular dis-ease in patients with PBC with hypercholesterolemia,except for those individuals with concomitant features of metabolic *** patients with PBC with no additional cardiovas-cular risk factors,individual risk/benefit discussion on lipid-lowering treatment should be considered.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) Cardiovascular risk Hypercholesterolemia