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Autonomous vehicles wheel wander: Structural impact on flexible pavements

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2021年第3期8卷 388-398页

作者： Konstantina Georgouli christina Plati Andreas Loizos Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering School of Civil EngineeringNational Technical University of AthensZografou 15773Greece

Autonomous vehicles(AVs), including trucks, are already available and their adoption is coming at a rapid pace. Despite the fact that this new transportation technology will travel on existing pavement infrastructure assets, the study and investigation of the AVs structural impact on pavements has not reached the same level of attention and maturity as other related research areas. Considering the extensive investment on pavement construction and maintenance, the necessity to fully understand these impacts in the long term, is becoming evident. The present paper presents and discusses currently published relevant research and findings on the quantification of the wheel wander potential impact,both negative and positive, offering potential insightful future areas of enquiry to help mold and shape future research for this emerging field. The paper focuses on the impact of the AVs zero lateral wheel wander on both new flexible pavement design and the damage accumulation within existing flexible pavement structures. Other wheel wander distributions(normal, uniform, etc.) are investigated as well. The outcome and findings are that the AVs zero lateral wheel wander has a definable negative structural impact on flexible pavement structures in comparison to current human-driven(non-autonomous) vehicles that tend to follow a normal lateral wheel wander distribution. However, under certain defined conditions(optimal wheel wander distribution), the pavement service life can be potentially extended.

关键词： Road engineering Autonomous vehicles Wheel wander Pavement design Pavement performance

Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms of axon regeneration:the need for spinal cord injury treatment strategies to address both

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第4期11卷 572-574页

作者： christina Francisca Vogelaar Institute of Microanatomy and Neurobiology Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz

Spinal cord injury（SCI）causes disturbances in motor and sensory functions leading to paralysis,the severity of which depends on the spinal level of the *** lesions of spinal cord axon projection tracts are untreatab... 详细信息

关键词： gene Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms of axon regeneration

A NEW BOUNDARY CONDITION FOR RATE-TYPE NON-NEWTONIAN DIFFUSIVE MODELS AND THE STABLE MAC SCHEME

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2018年第4期36卷 605-626页

作者： Kun Li Youngju Lee christina Starkey BGP R&D Center CNPC Beijing 100871 China Department of Mathematics Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA

We present a new Dirichlet boundary condition for the rate-type non-Newtonian diffusive constitutive models. The newly proposed boundary condition is compared with two such well-known and popularly used boundary conditions as the pure Neumann condition and the Dirichlet condition by Sureshkumar and Beris. Our condition is demonstrated to be more stable and robust in a number of numerical test cases. A new Dirichlet boundary condition is implemented in the framework of the finite difference Marker and Cell （MAC） method. In this paper, we also present an energy-stable finite difference MAC scheme that preserves the positivity for the conformation tensor and show how the addition of the diffusion helps the energy-stability in a finite difference MAC scheme-setting.

关键词： Boundary Conditions Diffusive Complex Fluids models Positivity preserving schemes Stability of the MAC schemes

Standardisation and Benchmarking for Improving Translator Training

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中国翻译 2012年第6期33卷 37-45页

作者： christina Schaffner Aston University Birmingham UK

过去十年,在高等院校尤其是研究生层次,译员培训课程数量增长巨大。这些课程面临的挑战是,要确保毕业生在瞬息万变的市场中能胜任各行各业翻译的需要。本文主要谈到下列问题:这些高校如何使译员培训课程适应快速变化的行业以及随之而来... 详细信息

过去十年,在高等院校尤其是研究生层次,译员培训课程数量增长巨大。这些课程面临的挑战是,要确保毕业生在瞬息万变的市场中能胜任各行各业翻译的需要。本文主要谈到下列问题:这些高校如何使译员培训课程适应快速变化的行业以及随之而来的行规的改变?一方面,行业要求毕业生要具有实际的职业技能,另一方面,高校要求毕业生要具有一定深度的学术修养和知识技能,如何将二者协调?有哪些合适的标准和尺度来确保译员培训的质量?本文最后讨论了EMT(欧洲翻译硕士)译员能力行规对高校译员培训课程带来哪些挑战。

关键词：译员培训尺度行规

Modeling nonstationary extreme wave heights in present and future climates of Greek Seas

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Water Science and Engineering 2016年第1期9卷 21-32页

作者： Panagiota Galiatsatou christina Anagnostopoulou Panayotis Prinos Hydraulics Laboratory Division of Hydraulics and Environmental Research Department of Civil Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Department of Meteorology and Climatology School of Geology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

In this study the generalized extreme value （GEV） distribution function was used to assess nonstationarity in annual maximum wave heights for selected locations in the Greek Seas, both in the present and future climates. The available significant wave height data were divided into groups corresponding to the present period （1951-2000）, a first future period （2001-2050）, and a second future period （2051-2100）. For each time period, the parameters of the GEV distribution were specified as functions of time-varying covariates and estimated using the conditional density network （CDN）. For each location and selected time period, a total number of 29 linear and nonlinear models were fitted to the wave data, for a given combination of covariates. The covariates used in the GEV-CDN models consisted of wind fields resulting from the Regional Climate Model version 3 （RegCM3） developed by the International Center for Theoretical Physics （ICTP） with a spatial resolution of 10 km ×10 km, after being processed using principal component analysis （PCA）. The results obtained from the best fitted models in the present and future periods for each location were compared, revealing different patterns of relationships between wind components and extreme wave height quantiles in different parts of the Greek Seas and different periods. The analysis demonstrates an increase of extreme wave heights in the first future period as compared with the present period, causing a significant threat to Greek coastal areas in the North Aegean Sea and the Ionian Sea.

关键词： Wave extremes Climate change Nonstationarity GEV-CDN Principal component analysis

Updates on treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2639-2649页

作者： Christopher W Hammerle christina M Surawicz Department of Medicine University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Harborview Medical Center University of Washington

Irritable bowel syndrome （IBS） is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and discomfort in association with altered bowel habits. It is estimated tD affect 10%-15% of the Western population, and has a large impact on quality of life and （in）direct healthcare costs. IBS is a multifactorial disorder involving dysregulation within the brain-gut axis, and it is frequently associated with gastrointestinal motor and sensory dysfunction, enteric and central nervous system irregularities, neuroimmune dysregulation, and postinfectious inflammation. As with other functional medical disorders, the treatment for IBS can be challenging. Conventional therapy for those with moderate to severe symptoms is largely unsatisfactory, and the development of new and effective drugs is made difficult by the complex pathogenesis, variety of symptoms, and lack of objective clinical findings that are the hallmark of this disorder. Fortunately, research advances over the past several decades have provided insight into potential mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of IBS, and have led to the development of several promising pharmaceutical agents. In recent years there has been much publicity over several of these new IBS medications （alosetron and tegaserod） because of their reported association with ischemic colitis and cardiovascular disease. While these agents remain available for use under restricted prescribing programs, this highlights the need for continued development of safe and effective medication for IBS. This article provides a physiologicallybased overview of recently developed and frequently employed pharmaceutical agents used to treat IBS, and discusses some non-pharmaceutical options that may be beneficial in this disorder.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Treatment Pharmacotherapy Challenges Opportunities

Nature-based recreation for the elderly in urban areas:assessing opportunities and demand as planning support

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 587-603页

作者： Chen Wen Christian Albert christina von Haaren School of Architecture and Urban Planning Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyLuoyu Road430074 WuhanChina Institute of Environmental Planning Leibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany Institute of Geography Ruhr University BochumBochumGermany

Background:With elderly people comprising a growing share of the population,landscape planners need to consider their specific requirements to enhance the opportunities for them to engage in nature-based recreation(NBR).However,few studies have spatially assessed the recreation potential,demand,and opportunities for elderly people in ***,this paper aimed to spatially model and investigate the NBR opportunities for and demand of elderly people in urban areas.A spatial framework based on the ESTIMAP recreation model was developed,considering special factors to better reflect elderly people’s preferences regarding NBR at the city *** particular,NBR opportunities were assessed considering landscape aesthetics,various types of facilities,and *** street network was used to understand elderly people’s walking behaviours regarding green spaces and related ***:A case study in Hannover,Germany,demonstrated the applicability of the proposed *** results illustrate the spatial heterogeneity of recreation options for the *** parts of Hannover’s green spaces offer high recreation opportunities for elderly *** of the existing green spaces lack diverse landscape compo-nents and sufficient supply of facilities,resulting in a compromise to aesthetics and recreational ***:The proposed method contributes to research on spatial planning and environmental justice by incorporating vulnerable groups’preferences and needs in spatially assessing *** planning implications highlight pocket gardens and greenways connecting communities and parks as development opportunities in the city.

关键词： Sustainability Nature-based recreation Population aging Landscape architecture GIS mapping Urban design

Gastrointestinal manifestations of endocrine disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3174-3179页

作者： christina Maser Arnbjorn Toset Sanziana Roman Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar StreetNew Haven CT 06520United States

The hormonal interactions among the systems throughout the body are not fully understood; many vague clinical symptoms may in fact be manifestations of underlying endocrine diseases. The aim of the following review is to discuss gastrointestinal manifestations of surgically correctable endocrine diseases, focusing on abnormalities of thyroid function, cancer and finally autoimmune diseases. We also review manifestations of pancreatic endocrine tumors, and multiple endocrine neoplasia.

关键词： Functional thyroid disease Autoimmunethyroid disease Thyroid malignancy Islet cell tumors

Identification of secondary raw materials in mold powders and their melting behavior

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2019年第4期26卷 403-411页

作者： Irmtraud Marschall Nathalie Kolbl Harald Harmuth christina Atzenhofer KI-MET GmbH 8700 LeobenAustria Department Mineral Resources Engineering Chair of CeramicsMontanuniversitaet Leoben8700 LeobenAustria

Commercial mold powders use a limited number of main mineral constituents,but may differ significantly in chemical *** main mineral raw materials of specimens investigated here are quartz,fluorite and free carbon,as well as wollastonite and *** investigations revealed the use of secondary raw materials like blast furnace slag,fly ash,glass scrap and phosphorous slag as further *** the formation of cuspidine was one major point of interest,the influence of the silica source on its formation was identified.A replacement of wollastonite by blast furnace slag reduced the temperature of the first precipitation of cuspidine by about 100℃;the dissociation of sodium carbonate was lowered by-40℃.The lowest temperature of the first Na2CO3 dissociation could be achieved by using fluorine in combination with blast furnace *** formation from the melt is further decreased if sodium and fluorine are both *** use of glass scrap and phosphorous slag strongly reduced the temperature of first melt formation and enhanced cuspidine formation.

关键词： Mold powder Cuspidine Melting Crystallization behavior