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Effects of environmental variability on superspreading transmission events in stochastic epidemic models

Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 560-583页

作者： Nika Shakiba christina J.Edholm Blessing O.Emerenini Anarina l.Murillo Angela Peace Omar Saucedo Xueying Wang linda J.S.Allen School of Biomedical Engineering University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Mathematics Scripps CollegeClaremontCAUSA Department of Mathematics Oregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA Department of Pediatrics and Center for Statistical Sciences Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Department of Mathematics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Washington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA School of Mathematical Sciences Rochester Institute of TechnologyRochesterNYUSA

Superspreaders(individuals with a high propensity for disease spread)have played a pivotal role in recent emerging and re-emerging *** disease outbreak studies,host heterogeneity based on demographic(***,sex,vaccination status)and environmental(***,urban/rural residence,clinics)factors are critical for the spread of infectious diseases,such as Ebola and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome(MERS).Transmission rates can vary as demographic and environmental factors are altered naturally or due to modified behaviors in response to the implementation of public health *** this work,we develop stochastic models to explore the effects of demographic and environmental variability on human-to-human disease transmission rates among superspreaders in the case of Ebola and *** show that the addition of environmental variability results in reduced probability of outbreak occurrence,however the severity of outbreaks that do occur *** observations have implications for public health strategies that aim to control environmental variables.

关键词： Superspreader MERS Ebola Environmental variability Stochastic models

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Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2010年第3期7卷 211-220页

作者： Paul l Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S Alice long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight Benaroya Research Institute SeattleWAUSA

Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and *** hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC *** primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA ***,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA *** effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,Il-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th *** data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell *** also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen *** data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS.

关键词： dendritic cell hyaluronan immune synapse pericellular matrix Th1

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Forecasting of in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2400-2408页

作者： Nicholas R.lewis Yicheng Jin Xiuyu Tang Vidit Shah christina Doty Bethany E.Matthews Sarah Akers Steven R.Spurgeon Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA99352USA Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA99352USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Forecasting models are a central part of many control systems,where high-consequence decisions must be made on long latency control *** models are particularly relevant for emerging artificial intelligence(AI)-guided instrumentation,in which prescriptive knowledge is needed to guide autonomous *** we describe the implementation of a long short-term memory model(lSTM)for forecasting in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy(EElS)data,one of the richest analytical probes of materials and chemical *** describe key considerations for data collection,preprocessing,training,validation,and benchmarking,showing how this approach can yield powerful predictive insight into order-disorder phase ***,we comment on how such a model may integrate with emerging AI-guided instrumentation for powerful high-speed experimentation.

关键词： consequence autonomous transitions

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Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia presenting in first fourteen days in term neonates

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第26期9卷 1108-1114页

作者： Fang Kuan Chiou christina Ong Kong Boo Phua Fares Chedid Ajmal Kader Gastro-enterology Service Paediatric Medicine KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Neonatal Medicine Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital Pediatric Gastroenterology Dubai Hospital

AIM To describe the etiology and characteristics of earlyonset conjugated hyperbilirubinemia(ECHB) presenting within 14 d of life in term *** Retrospective review was performed of term infants up to 28-d-old who presented with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia(CHB) at a tertiary center over a 5-year period from January 2010 to December 2014. CHB is defined as conjugated bilirubin(CB) fraction greater than 15% of total bilirubin and CB greater or equal to 25 μmol/l. ECHB is defined as CHB detected within 14 d of life. "late-onset" CHB(lCHB) is detected at 15-28 d of life and served as the comparison *** Total of 117 patients were recruited: 65 had ECHB, 52had lCHB. Neonates with ECHB were more likely to be clinically unwell(80.0% vs 42.3%, P lCHB. Multifactorial liver injury(75.0%) and sepsis(17.3%) were the most common causes of ECHB in clinically unwell infants, majority(87.5%) had resolution of CHB with no progression to chronic liver disease. Inborn errors of metabolism were rare(5.8%) but associated with high mortality(100%) in our series. In the subgroup of clinically well infants(n = 13) with ECHB, biliary atresia(BA) was the most common diagnosis(61.5%), all presented initially with normal stools and decline in total bilirubin but with persistent CHB. CONClUSION Secondary hepatic injury is the most common reason for ECHB. BA presents with ECHB in well infants without classical symptoms of pale stools and deep jaundice.

关键词： Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia Biliary atresia Cholestasis Direct hyperbilirubinemia Neonatal jaundice

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Evaluating a combined bowel preparation for small-bowel capsule endoscopy:a prospective randomized–controlled study

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Gastroenterology Report 2020年第1期8卷 31-35,I0001,I0002页

作者： Stephanie l.Hansel Joseph A.Murray Jeffrey A.Alexander David H.Bruining Mark V.larson Thomas F.Mangan ross A.Dierkhising Ann E.Almazar Elizabeth Rajan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

Background:Capsule endoscopy(CE)is frequently hindered by intra-luminal *** aim was to determine whether a combination bowel preparation would improve small-bowel visualization,diagnostic yield,and the completion rate of ***:Single-blind,prospective randomized–controlled study of outpatients scheduled for ***-preparation subjects ingested 2 l of polyethylene glycol solution the night prior to CE,5ml simethicone and 5mg metoclopramide 20 minutes prior to CE and laid in the right lateral position 30 minutes after swallowing *** had no solid food after 7 *** night prior to CE and no liquids 4 hours prior to *** completed a satisfaction *** readers completed a small-bowel-visualization ***:Fifty patients were prospectively enrolled(56%female)with a median age of 54.4 years and 44 completed the study(23 patients in the control group and 21 in the preparation group).There was no significant difference between groups on quartile-based small-bowel visualization(all P>0.05).There was no significant difference between groups in diagnostic yield(P=0.69),mean gastric(P=0.10)or small-bowel transit time(P=0.89).The small-bowel completion rate was significantly higher in the preparation group(100%vs 78%;P=0.02).Bowel-preparation subjects reported significantly more discomfort than controls(62%vs 17%;P=0.01).Conclusions:Combined bowel preparation did not improve small-bowel visualization but did significantly increase patient *** CE completion rate improved in the preparation group but the diagnostic yield was *** on our findings,a bowel preparation prior to CE does not appear to improve CE performance and results in decreased patient satisfaction(***,***01243736).

关键词： bowel preparation capsule endoscopy small-bowel visualization patient satisfaction

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非亮点AVO:两个实例

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国外油气勘探 1996年第4期8卷 459-471页

作者： Christopher P.ross Daniel l.Kinman 曾忠中国石油天然气总公司勘探局

应用振幅随炮检距变化(AVO)属性的剖面,如法向入射道(A)和梯度道(B)的乘积,在亮点AVO的分析和解释中已被广泛地使用。然而,尽管这些剖面对于具有低声波阻抗的亮点响应常有较好的效果,但对非亮点地震异常的识别则不可靠。当用普通的AVO... 详细信息

应用振幅随炮检距变化(AVO)属性的剖面,如法向入射道(A)和梯度道(B)的乘积,在亮点AVO的分析和解释中已被广泛地使用。然而,尽管这些剖面对于具有低声波阻抗的亮点响应常有较好的效果,但对非亮点地震异常的识别则不可靠。当用普通的AVO属性剖面分析非亮点地震数据时:(1)不能识别砂岩和页岩盖层波阻抗差趋于零情况下的含气储层,或(2)当法向入射且梯度值的符号相反时,将获得不正确的AVO结果(负值)。我们将非亮点AVO炮检距响应分成两类:一类是有相位反转的情况,另一类则没有。本文通过两个例子给出了这两类AVO异常的分析方法。该方法主要是利用叠前响应的特性来获得一个更为明确的AVO属性剖面。且这项技术对上述两类非亮点AVO响应是合适的。通过与常规处理后的、对于波阻抗差极小的砂体以低振幅响应为特征的相对振幅地震剖面相比较,这项技术能识别出储层中含气孔隙流体的存在。

关键词：亮点暗点 AVO 波阻抗振幅地震勘探地震数据

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Pathology and genetic connectedness of the mangrove crab (Aratus pisonii) – a foundation for understanding mangrove disease ecology

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Animal Diseases 2022年第2期2卷 73-88页

作者： Jamie Bojko Amy l.Burgess Thomas W.Allain Erica P.ross Devon Pharo Jan F.Kreuze Donald C.Behringer National Horizons Centre Teesside UniversityDarlington DL11HGUK School of Health and life Sciences Teesside UniversityMiddlesbrough TS13BXUK Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32653USA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute MarathonFL 33050USA International Potato Centre(CIP) Apartado 1558LimaPeru

Mangrove forests are productive ecosystems,acting as a sink for CO_(2),a habitat for a diverse array of terrestrial and marine species,and as a natural barrier to coastline *** species that reside within mangrove ecosystems have important roles to play,including litter decomposition and the recycling of *** are important detritivores in such ecosystems and understanding their limitations(***)is an important endeavour when considering the larger ecological services *** and metagenomics were used to identify viral(Nudiviridae,Alphaflexiviridae),bacterial(Paracoccus sp.,'Candidatus Gracilibacteria sp.’,and Pseudoalteromonas sp.),protozoan,fungal,and metazoan diversity that compose the symbiome of the mangrove crab,Aratus *** symbiotic groups were observed at varying prevalence under histology:nudivirus(6.5%),putative gut epithelial virus(3.2%),ciliated protozoa(35.5%),gonad fungus(3.2%),gill ectoparasitic metazoan(6.5%).Metagenomic analysis of one specimen exhibiting a nudivirus infection provided the complete host mitochondrial genome(15,642 bp),nudivirus genome(108,981 bp),and the genome of a Cassava common mosaic virus isolate(6387 bp).Our phylogenetic analyses group the novel nudivirus with the Gammanudivirus and protein similarity searches indicate that Carcinus maenas nudivrius is the most similar to the new *** mitochondrial genome were used to mine short fragments used in population genetic studies to gauge an idea of diversity in this host species across the USA,Caribbean,and central and southern *** study report several new symbionts based on their pathology,taxonomy,and genomics(where available)and discuss what effect they may have on the crab *** role of mangrove crabs from a OneHealth perspective were explored,since their pathobiome includes cassava-infecting ***,given that this species is abundant in mangrove forests and now boasts a well-described pathogen prof

关键词： Alphaflexiviridae Nudiviridae Mitochondria Pathology Histology Metagenomics

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Specific bone region localization of osteolytic versus osteoblastic lesions in a patient-derived xenograft model of bone metastatic prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第4期3卷 229-239页

作者： Takeshi Hirata Seung Chol Park Michelle T.Muldong christina N.Wu Tomonori Yamaguchi Amy Strasner Omer Raheem Hiromi Kumon Robert l.Sah Nicholas A.Cacalano Catriona H.M.Jamieson Christopher J.Kane Koichi Masuda Anna A.Kulidjian christina A.M.Jamieson Department of Urology Okayama University Graduate School of MedicineDentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan Department of Urology Wonkwang University School of Medicine and HospitalIksanSouth Korea Moores Cancer Center University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Urology University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Surgery University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Radiation Oncology University of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA

Objective:Bone metastasis occurs in up to 90%of men with advanced prostate cancer and leads to fractures,severe pain and *** metastases induce a spectrum of types of bone lesions which can respond differently to therapy even within individual prostate cancer ***,the special environment of the bone makes the disease more complicated and incurable.A model in which bone lesions are reproducibly induced that mirrors the complexity seen in patients would be invaluable for pre-clinical testing of novel *** microstructural changes in the femurs of mice implanted with PCSD1,a new patient-derived xenograft from a surgical prostate cancer bone metastasis specimen,were ***:Quantitative micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of direct injection of PCSD1 cells or media alone(Control)into the right femurs of Rag2/gc/male ***:Bone lesions formed only in femurs of mice injected with PCSD1 *** volume(BV)was significantly decreased at the proximal and distal ends of the femurs(ply increased along the femur ***:PCSD1 cells reproducibly induced bone loss leading to osteolytic lesions at the ends of the femur,and,in contrast,induced aberrant bone formation leading to osteoblastic lesions along the femur ***,the interaction of PCSD1 cells with different bone region-specific microenvironments specified the type of bone *** approach can be used to determine if different bone regions support more therapy resistant tumor growth,thus,requiring novel treatments.

关键词： Bone metastatic prostate cancer Patient-derived xenograft microenvironment Microstructural CT Osteolytic lesions Osteoblastic lesions

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The WRKY Gene Family in Rice （Oryza sativa）

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第6期49卷 827-842页

作者： Christian A. ross Yue liu Qingxi J. Shen Bioinformatics Core School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada 89154 USA

WRKYgenee encode transcription factors that are Involved In the regulation of various biological processes. These zinc-finger proteins, especially those members mediating stress responses, are uniquely expanded In plants. To facilitate the study of the evolutionary history and functions of this eupergene family, we performed an exhaustive search for WRKY genes using HMMER and a Hidden Markov Model that was specifically trained for rice. This work resulted In a comprehensive list of WRKYgene models In Oryza sativa l. eep. indica and l. eep. Japonica. Mapping of these genes to Individual chromosomes facilitated elimination of the redundant, leading to the Identification of 98 WRKYgenee In Japonica and 102 In indica rice. These genes were further categorized according to the number and structure of their zinc-finger domains. Based on a phylogenetlc tree of the conserved WRKY domains and the graphic display of WRKY loci on corresponding indica and Japonica chromosomes, we Identified possible WRKY gene duplications within, and losses between the two closely related rice subspecies. Also reviewed are the roles of WRKY genes In disease resistance and responses to salicylic acid and Jaemonlc acid, seed development and germination mediated by glbberelllns, other developmental processes Including senescence, and responses to ablotlc stresses and abeclelc acid In rice and other plants. The signaling pathways mediating WRKY gene expreeelon are also discussed.

关键词： gene family indica japonica Oryza sativa rice WRKY.

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Nitrogen-doped fluorescence carbon dots as multi-mechanism detection for iodide and curcumin in biological and food samples

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第6期6卷 1541-1554页

作者： Xiaodan Tang Hongmei Yu Brian Bui lingyun Wang christina Xing Shaoyan Wang Mingli Chen Zhizhi Hu Wei Chen School of Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoningLiaoningAnshan114051China Department of Physics The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX76019-0059USA School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510641China Research Center for Analytical Sciences Department of ChemistryCollege of SciencesNortheastern UniversityBox332Shenyang110819China

Iodine ion is one of the most indispensable anions in living organisms,particularly being an important substance for the synthesis of thyroid *** is a yellow-orange polyphenol compound derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa l.,which has been commonly used as a spice and natural coloring agent,food additives,cosmetics as well as Chinese ***,excess curcumin may cause DNA inactivation,lead to a decrease in intracellular ATP levels,and trigger the tissue ***,quantitative detection of iodine and curcumin is of great significance in the fields of food and life ***,we develop nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon dots(NCDs)as a multi-mechanism detection for iodide and curcumin in actual complex biological and food samples,which was prepared by a one-step solid-phase synthesis using tartaric acid and urea as precursors without adding any other *** assembled NCDs-Hg^(2+) fluorescence-enhanced sensor for the quantitative detection of I^(-) was established based on a fluorescence“turn-off-on”mechanism in a linear range of 0.3-15μM with a detection limit of 69.4 nM and successfully quantified trace amounts of I^(-) in water samples and urine ***,the as-synthesized NCDs also can be used as a fluorescent quenched sensor for curcumin detection based on the synergistic internal filtration effect(IFE)and static quenching,achieving a good linear range of 0.1-20μM with a satisfactory detection limit of 29.8 *** results indicate that carbon dots are potential sensing materials for iodine and curcumin detection for the good of our health.

关键词： Nitrogen-doped carbon dots Iodine ion Curcumin Internal filtration effect Solid-phase thermal method Disease Detection

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