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Liver surgery in cirrhosis and portal hypertension

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第9期22卷 2725-2735页

作者： christina Hackl Hans J Schlitt Philipp Renner Sven A Lang Department of Surgery University Medical Center Regensburg

The prevalence of hepatic cirrhosis in Europe and the United States, currently 250 patients per 100000 inhabitants, is steadily increasing. Thus, we observe a significant increase in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension needing liver resections for primary ormetastatic lesions. However, extended liver resections in patients with underlying hepatic cirrhosis and portal hypertension still represent a medical challenge in regard to perioperative morbidity, surgical management and postoperative outcome. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification recommends to restrict curative liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients to early tumor stages in patients with Child A cirrhosis not showing portal hypertension. However, during the last two decades, relevant improvements in preoperative diagnostic, perioperative hepatologic and intensive care management as well as in surgical techniques during hepatic resections have rendered even extended liver resections in higher-degree cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension possible. However, there are few standard indications for hepatic resections in cirrhotic patients and risk stratifications have to be performed in an interdisciplinary setting for each individual patient. We here review the indications, the preoperative risk-stratifications, the morbidity and the mortality of extended resections for primary and metastatic lesions in cirrhotic livers. Furthermore, we provide a review of literature on perioperative management in cirrhotic patients needing extrahepatic abdominal surgery and an overview of surgical options in the treatment of hepatic cirrhosis.

关键词： Liver resection Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver metastases Portal hypertension Cholangiocellular carcinoma Cirrhosis

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Recycling of Solanum Sucrose Transporters Expressed in Yeast, Tobacco, and in Mature Phloem Sieve Elements

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1064-1074页

作者： Johannes Liesche Hong-Xia He Bernhard Grimm Alexander Schulz christina Kuhn Humboldt University Institute of Biology Plant Physiology Philippstraβe 13 Building 12 10115 Berlin Germany Plant Physiology and Anatomy Laboratory Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Life Sciences Copenhagen University Thorvaldsensvej 40 DK-1871 Frederiksberg C Denmark

The plant sucrose transporter SUT1 （from Solanum tuberosum, S. lycopersicum, or Zea mays） exhibits redoxdependent dimerization and targeting if heterologously expressed in S. cerevisiae （Krtigel et al., 2008）. It was also shown that SUT1 is present in motile vesicles when expressed in tobacco cells and that its targeting to the plasma membrane is reversible. StSUT1 is internalized in the presence of brefeldin A （BFA） in yeast, plant cells, and in mature sieve elements as confirmed by immunolocalization. These results were confirmed here and the dynamics of intracellular SUT1 localization were further elucidated. Inhibitor studies revealed that vesicle movement of SUT1 is actin-dependent. BFA-mediated effects might indicate that anterograde vesicle movement is possible even in mature sieve elements, and could involve components of the cytoskeleton that were previously thought to be absent in SEs. Our results are in contradiction to this old dogma of plant physiology and the potential of mature sieve elements should therefore be re-evaluated. In addition, SUT1 internalization was found to be dependent on the plasma membrane lipid composition. SUT1 belongs to the detergent-resistant membrane （DRM） fraction in planta and is targeted to membrane raft-like microdomains when expressed in yeast （Kr（igel et al,, 2008）, Here, SUT1-GFP expression in different yeast mutants, which were unable to perform en- docytosis and/or raft formation, revealed a strong link between SUT1 raft localization, the sterol composition and mem- brane potential of the yeast plasma membrane, and the capacity of the SUT1 protein to be internalized by endocytosis. The results provide new insight into the regulation of sucrose transport and the mechanism of endocytosis in plant cells.

关键词： Transporters membrane proteins phloem physiology protein targeting potato.

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EDISON-WMW: Exact Dynamic Programing Solution of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney Test

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2016年第1期14卷 55-61页

作者： Alexander Marx christina Backes Eckart Meese Hans-Peter Lenhof Andreas Keller Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics Medical Faculty Saarland University Department of Human Genetics Saarland University University Hospital Chair for Bioinformatics Saarland University

In many research disciplines, hypothesis tests are applied to evaluate whether findings are statistically significant or could be explained by chance. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney （WMW） test is among the most popular hypothesis tests in medicine and life science to analyze if two groups of samples are equally distributed. This nonparametric statistical homogeneity test is commonly applied in molecular diagnosis. Generally, the solution of the WMW test takes a high combinatorial effort for large sample cohorts containing a significant number of ties. Hence, P value is frequently approximated by a normal distribution. We developed EDISON-WMW, a new approach to calcu- late the exact permutation of the two-tailed unpaired WMW test without any corrections required and allowing for ties. The method relies on dynamic programing to solve the combinatorial problem of the WMW test efficiently. Beyond a straightforward implementation of the algorithm, we pre- sented different optimization strategies and developed a parallel solution. Using our program, the exact P value for large cohorts containing more than 1000 samples with ties can be calculated within minutes. We demonstrate the performance of this novel approach on randomly-generated data, benchmark it against 13 other commonly-applied approaches and moreover evaluate molec- ular biomarkers for lung carcinoma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. We foundthat approximated P values were generally higher than the exact solution provided by EDISON- WMW. Importantly, the algorithm can also be applied to high-throughput omics datasets, where hundreds or thousands of features are included. To provide easy access to the multi-threaded version of EDISON-WMW, a web-based solution of our algorithm is freely available at http：// ***/software/wtest/.

关键词： Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitneytest:Wilcoxon rank-sum test Dynamic programing Exact permutation Parallel optimization

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Detrimental role of hydrogen evolution and its temperature-dependent impact on the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第5期28卷 57-62页

作者： Abdulmonem Fetyan Gumaa A. El-Nagar Iver Lauermann Maike Schnucklake Jonathan Schneider christina Roth Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universitat BerlinTakustr.3D-14195 BerlinGermany Chemistry Department Faculty of ScienceCairo UniversityCairo 12613Egypt Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie Hahn-Meitner-Platz 114109 BerlinGermany

This paper addresses the damaging role of the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the negative half-cell of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) on state-of-the-art carbon felt electrodes at different temperatures. It was found that increasing the temperature resulted in a better catalytic performance for both the positive and negative half-cell reactions. In addition, increasing the temperature significantly enhanced the undesired HER at the negative side. Operating the VRFB cell at higher temperature led to a decrease in the coulombic efficiency attributed to the higher hydrogen production. More pronounced hydrogen production caused an oxidation on the surface of the carb on fibers and a degradation of the electrode as indicated from scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. This observed degradation results in fading of the overall performance of the vanadium redox flow battery over time.

关键词： Hydrogen evolution Carbon felt Degradation Electrode Redox flow batteries

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Reforming the UNSC: An Ongoing Dilemma

Reforming the UNSC: An Ongoing Dilemma

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作者： Cheryl christina Darroux 外交学院

学位级别：硕士

This study examines why reforming the United Nations Security Council （UNSC） is acrucial necessity and how that contributes to the Council’s capabilities in addressinghumanitarian crisis. We specifically focus on three major structural weaknesses–the PermanentFive （P-5） members, the veto and the principle of state sovereignty-that influence the decision-making process. In contrast to other studies, we consider whether the Council needs reform toreflect a more representative and effective peacekeeping body capable of addressing crisesarising from intra-state conflicts. We find that most proposals on Council reform calls forincrease in membership composition in both the permanent and non-permanent categories toinclude regions that are not represented in the permanent category. Using various case studies,we empirically focus on how P-5members use their position and power to pursue their nationalinterest at the expense of humanity. We demonstrate that none of the proposals recommendmembership composition in the form of regional organizations instead of the status quo neitherdoes any highlight the human aspect or the attitude of the P-5that is so very crucial for thereform process to succeed.

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Evaluating the Potential of Exporting Natural Gas in Tanzania

Evaluating the Potential of Exporting Natural Gas in Tanzani...

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作者： christina GABRIEL KESSY 中国石油大学（北京）

学位级别：硕士

Recently,Tanzania has experience great volume of natural gas discoveries on its main land and its offshores *** oil and gas exploration in Tanzania is not new,the rapid pace of discoveries over the past few years has not been matched by the development of an adequate framework within which to govern this particular sector;both in the interest of Tanzania as well as the interests of international *** study aimed to evaluate the potential of exporting natural in *** this evaluation the main focus was on the future demand for natural gas and to analyse the competitiveness of exporting natural gas from Tanzania.A dynamic econometric model Partial Adjustment Model（PAM）was used to understand the natural gas demand and to forecast the demand of natural gas from year *** results showed that there is a positive relationship between natural gas consumption,urban population,and electricity consumption per ***,there exist a negative relationship between natural gas consumption and the industry output *** forecasts results were conducted into three scenarios high,base and low case scenario each case with a total estimated demand for natural gas to be 6.13 TCF,2.9 TCF and 0.789 *** natural gas supply is estimated to be 40.07 TCF（holding the assumption that 70% of the total discoveries is recoverable）.Tanzania competitive advantage strength mainly lies on the demand *** order to utilize its advantage Tanzania has to first strengthen its factor conditions and formulate the firm’s strategies and structure to win the rivals in the market.

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Association of autoimmune hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematodes:A case series and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第35期20卷 12662-12667页

作者： Claudia Beisel christina Weiler-Normann Andreas Teufel Ansgar W Lohse Department of Internal Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Department of Internal Medicine Johannes Gutenberg Universit?t Mainz Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Regensburg

Liver test abnormalities have been described in up to 60% of patients with systemic lupus erythematodes(SLE) at some point during the course of their *** treatment with potentially hepatotoxic drugs or viral hepatitis is commonly considered to be the main cause of liver disease in SLE ***,in rare cases elevated liver enzymes may be due to concurrent autoimmune hepatitis(AIH).To distinguish whether the patient has primary liver disease with associated autoimmune clinical and laboratory features resembling SLE- such as AIH- or the elevation of liver enzymes is a manifestation of SLE remains a difficult challenge for the treating ***,we present six female patients with complex autoimmune disorders and *** charts were reviewed in order to investigate the complex relationship between SLE and *** patients had coexisting autoimmune disease in their medical *** the time of diagnosis of AIH,patients presented with arthralgia,abdominal complaints,cutaneous involvement and fatigue as common *** patients fulfilled the current diagnostic criteria of both,AIH and *** of acute hepatitis was achieved in all cases after the initiation of immunosuppressive *** addition to this case study a literature review was conducted.

关键词： Systemic lupus erythematodes Elevated liver enzymes Autoimmune hepatitis

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Vitreous haemorrhage as the first presentation of undiagnosed Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第10期14卷 1639-1641页

作者： christina S Lim Huzaifa Malick Somnath Banerjee Department of Ophthalmology University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustInfirmary SquareLeicester LE15WWUnited Kingdom

Dear Editor, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia(WM) is a rare type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, commonly associated with hyperviscosity syndrome. Unlike non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, its ocular manifestations are less well described in the literature. Here we present the first case of undiagnosed WM presenting with dense vitreous haemorrhage. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent was obtained from the subject.

关键词： globulin lymphoma Waldenstr

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Protocadherin gamma C3:a new player in regulating vascular barrier function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 68-73页

作者： Victoria Kaupp Kinga G.Blecharz-Lang christina Dilling Patrick Meybohm Malgorzata Burek Department of Anesthesiology Intensive CareEmergency and Pain MedicineUniversity of WürzburgUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany Department of Experimental Neurosurgery Charité-UniversitätsmedizinBerlinGermany

Defects in the endothelial cell barrier accompany diverse malfunctions of the central nervous system such as neurodegenerative diseases,stroke,traumatic brain injury,and systemic diseases such as sepsis,viral and bacterial infections,and *** endothelial sealing leads to leaking blood vessels,followed by vasogenic *** edema as the most common complication caused by stroke and traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of *** microvascular endothelial cells,together with astrocytes,pericytes,microglia,and neurons form a selective barrier,the so-called blood-brain barrier,which regulates the movement of molecules inside and outside of the *** that regulate blood-brain barrier permeability in health and disease are complex and not fully *** newly discovered molecules that are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in brain microvascular endothelial cells have been described in the literature in recent *** of these molecules that are highly expressed in brain microvascular endothelial cells is protocadherin gamma *** this review,we discuss recent evidence that protocadherin gamma C3 is a newly identified key player involved in the regulation of vascular barrier function.

关键词： blood-brain barrier brain microvascular endothelial cells permeability protein interaction protocadherin gamma C3 protocadherins tight junctions

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Tolerance to individual and joint effects of arsenic and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis or Lysinibacillus sphaericus in Culex mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 477-485页

作者： christina L. Mogren William E. Walton John T. Trumble Department of Entomology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Arsenic contamination of global water supplies has come to the forefront in policy decisions in recent decades. However, the effects of arsenic on lower trophic levels of insects inhabiting contaminated ecosystems are not well understood. One approach to document both acute and sublethal effects of toxicants like arsenic is to assay them in combination with microbial pathogens to evaluate shifts in survival curves of the test organisms. Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis were reared in water containing 0 or 1 000μg/L of arsenate or arsenite. Fourth instars were then exposed to a range of doses of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis （Bti） or Lysinibacillus sphaericus （Ls）, with shifts in lethal concentrations determined. Arsenic accumulation in 4th instars was also quantified, and a relative growth index （RGI） calculated for the treatments and compared to controls. Larvae of both species accumulated between 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 4- 367 ng As/g, though RGI values indicated accumulation did not affect growth and development. In all cases, the LC50＇s and LC90＇s of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed jointly with arsenic and Bti/Ls were higher than Cx. tarsafis. Cx. tarsafis reared in arsenite showed a significant reduction in their Bti LC90 values compared to the control, indicating a sublethal effect of Bti. When exposed jointly with Ls, arsenite was more toxic than arsenate in Cx. tarsalis. Overall, these results indicate tolerance of these Culex species to arsenic exposures, and why this may occur is discussed.

关键词： arsenate arsenite Bsph Bti Culex tarsalis Culex quinquefasciatus

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