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Resilience in Agriculture: Communication and Energy Infrastructure Dependencies of German Farmers

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 214-229页

作者： Franz Kuntke Sebastian Linsner Enno Steinbrink Jonas Franken christian reuter Science and Technology for Peace and Security(PEASEC) Technical University of Darmstadt64289 Darmstadt.HesseGermany

Agriculture is subject to high demands regarding resilience as it is an essential component of the food production chain. In the agricultural sector, there is an increasing usage of digital tools that rely on communication and energy infrastructures. Should disruption occur,such strengthened dependencies on other infrastructures increase the probability of ripple effects. Thus, there is a need to analyze the resilience of the agricultural sector with a specific focus on the effects of digitalization. This study works out resilience capacities of the interconnected technologies used in farm systems based on the experiences and opinions of farmers. Information was gathered through focus group interviews with farmers(N = 52) and a survey with participants from the agricultural sector(N =118). In particular, the focus is put on the digital tools and other information and communication technologies they use. Based on a definition of resilience capacities, we evaluate resilience regarding energy and communication demands in various types of farm systems. Especially important are the resilience aspects of modern systems’ digital communication as well as the poorly developed and nonresilient network infrastructure in rural areas that contrast with the claim for a resilient agriculture. The result is a low robustness capacity, as our analysis concludes with the risk of food production losses.

关键词： Digitalization of agriculture Germany Infrastructure failures Resilience capacities

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Computerized Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults:Baseline Cognitive Level and Subjective Cognitive Concerns Predict Training Outcome

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Health 2018年第1期10卷 20-55页

作者： Elke Kalbe Christophe Bintener Anja Ophey christian reuter Stefan Gobel Silvie Kloters Gisela Baller Josef Kessler Department of Medical Psychology/Neuropsychology and Gender Studies&Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention(CeNDI) University Hospital CologneCologneGermany Institute of Gerontology Department of Psychological GerontologyUniversity of VechtaVechtaGermany Multimedia Communications Lab-KOM Technische Universitat DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany Department of Neurology University Hospital CologneCologneGermany

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognition in older adults. However, specific programs for this target group have rarely been developed, and predictors of training success are largely unclear. In a randomized controlled pilot trial, we examined effects of a six-week CCT, tailored to the cognitive profile of healthy older adults (EG, n = 21) as compared to a nonspecific CCT (CG, n = 18) matched in frequency and intensity. No interaction effects between Group and Time were found. However, within-group analysis showed significant gains in verbal and non-verbal memory, executive and visuospatial functions and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) in the EG, while the CG only benefitted in non-verbal memory and set-shifting. Low cognitive performance and lower SCC at baseline were the most consistent predictors of cognitive gains in the EG. Thus, CCTs specifically tailored to older adults seem advantageous compared to non-specific CCT. Further, we conclude that SCC may be related to reduced cognitive plasticity.

关键词： Computerized Cognitive Training Older Adults Subjective Cognitive Decline Psychoeducation Predictors

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Joint Multi-modal Parcellation of the Human Striatum:Functions and Clinical Relevance

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2020年第10期36卷 1123-1136页

作者： Xiaojin Liu Simon B.Eickhoff Felix Hoffstaedter Sarah Genon Svenja Caspers Kathrin Reetz Imis Dogan Claudia R.Eickhoff Ji Chen Julian Caspers Niels reuter christian Mathys Andre Aleman Renaud Jardri Valentin Riedl Iris E.Sommer Kaustubh R.Patil Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine(INM-7 Brain and Behaviour)Research Centre JiilichJiilichGermany Institute of Systems Neuroscience Heinrich Heine University DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine(INM-1) Research Centre Jiilich52428 JiilichGermany Institute for Anatomy I Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University Dusseldorf40225 DusseldorfGermany Jiilich Aachen Research Alliance-BRAIN(JARA)Institute of Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Forschungszentrum JiilichRheinisch Westfallische Technische Hochschule(RWTH)Aachen University52074 AachenGermany Department of Neurology Rheinisch Westfallische Technische Hochschule(RWTH)Aachen University52074 AachenGermany Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology Medical FacultyUniversity of Dusseldorf40225 DusseldorfGermany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Medical FacultyUniversity of Dusseldorf40225 DusseldorfGermany Institute of Radiology and Neuroradiology Evangelisches KrankenhausUniversity of Oldenburg26129 OldenburgGermany Department of Neuroscience University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of Groningen9713 AV GroningenThe Netherlands SCALab(CNRS UMR9193)&CHU de LiUe Hopital FontanPole de Psychiatrie(CURE)Universite de Lille59037 LilleFrance Departments of Neuroradiology Nuclear Medicine and Neuroimaging CenterTechnische Universitat Miinchen80333 MunichGermany

The human striatum is essential for both lowand high-level functions and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various prevalent disorders,including Parkinson's disease(PD)and schizophrenia(SCZ).It is known to consist of structurally and functionally divergent ***,previous parcellations are based on a single neuroimaging modality,leaving the extent of the multi-modal organization of the striatum ***,we investigated the organization of the striatum across three modalities—resting-state functional connectivity,probabilistic diffusion tractography,and structural covariance—to provide a holistic convergent view of its structure and *** found convergent clusters in the dorsal,dorsolateral,rostral,ventral,and caudal *** characterization revealed the anterior striatum to be mainly associated with cognitive and emotional functions,while the caudal striatum was related to action ***,significant structural atrophy in the rostral and ventral striatum was common to both PD and SCZ,but atrophy in the dorsolateral striatum was specifically attributable to *** study revealed a cross-modal convergent organization of the striatum,representing a fundamental topographical model that can be useful for investigating structural and functional variability in aging and in clinical conditions.

关键词： Striatum Multi-modal Connectivity-based parcellation Convergent clusters Voxel-based morphometry Parkinson's disease Schizophrenia

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Association of Genetic Variation in the Promoter Region of OXTR with Differences in Social Affective Neural Processing

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第1期2卷 60-66页

作者： Garret O’Connell Heather C. Whalley Prerona Mukherjee Andrew C. Stanfield christian Montag Jeremy Hall Martin reuter Center for Economics and Neuroscience University of Bonn Bonn Germany Department of Psychology University of Bonn Bonn Germany Division of Psychiatry University of Edinburgh Scotland UK

Evidence supports the involvement of oxytocin in social behavior. The oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) has been associated with differences in social brain function and risk for autism. Motivated by recent work, we investigated the effect of variation in the common functional rs2268498 T/C polymorphism in the promoter region of OXTR on neural responses to fear expressions. 46 healthy subjects were divided into genotype groups of C carriers (n = 32) and TT ho-mozygous (n = 14) and neural activity was measured during the recognition of fear and neutral expressions. Results showed that during the recognition of fear expressions, the TT genotype group exhibited increased responding in the inferior occipital gyrus, considered important for face processing, compared to carriers of the C allele (P < 0.005;cluster corrected for whole brain), an effect not found for neutral faces. These results indicate the impact of this OXTR genetic variant on individual differences in social affective neural processing.

关键词： OXTR Promoter Region Inferior Occipital Gyrus fMRI Emotional Facial Processing

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