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Comparative mitogenome phylogeography of two anteater genera (Tamandua and Myrmecophaga;Myrmecophagidae, Xenarthra): Evidence of discrepant evolutionary traits

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Zoological Research 2021年第5期42卷 525-547页

作者： Manuel Ruiz-García Daniel Pinilla-Beltrán Oscar E.Murillo-García christian miguel pinto Jorge Brito Joseph Mark Shostell Laboratorio de Genética de Poblaciones Molecular-Biología Evolutiva Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de CienciasPontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotáDC 110231Colombia Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal Departamento de BiologíaFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y ExactasUniversidad del ValleApartado AéreoCali 25360Colombia Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas Escuela Politécnica NacionalQuito 17012759Ecuador Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad(INABIO) Quito 170135Ecuador Math Science and Technology DepartmentUniversity of Minnesota CrookstonCrookstonMN 56716USA

The species within Xenarthra(sloths,anteaters,and armadillos)are quintessential South American mammals.Of the three groups,Vermilingua(anteaters)contains the fewest extant and paleontological species.Here,we sampled and sequenced the entire mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)of two Tamandua species(Tamandua tetradactyla and T.mexicana)(n=74)from Central and South America,as well as Myrmecophaga tridactyla(n=41)from South America.Within Tamandua,we detected three different haplogroups.The oldest(THI)contained many specimens with the T.tetradactyla morphotype(but also several with the T.mexicana morphotype)and originated in southeastern South America(currently Uruguay)before moving towards northern South America,where the THII haplogroup originated.THII primarily contained specimens with the T.mexicana morphotype(but also several with the T.tetradactyla morphotype)and was distributed in Central America,Colombia,and Ecuador.THI and THII yielded a genetic distance of 4%.THII originated in either northern South America or“in situ”in Central America with haplogroup THIII,which consisted of~50%T.mexicana and 50%T.tetradactyla phenotypes.THIII was mostly located in the same areas as THII,i.e.,Central America,Ecuador,and Colombia,though mainly in the latter.The three haplogroups overlapped in Colombia and Ecuador.Thus,T.tetradactyla and T.mexicana were not reciprocally monophyletic.For this reason,we considered that a unique species of Tamandua likely exists,i.e.,T.tetradactyla.In contrast to Tamandua,M.tridactyla did not show different morphotypes throughout its geographical range in the Neotropics.However,two very divergent genetic haplogroups(MHI and MHII),with a genetic distance of~10%,were detected.The basal haplogroup,MHI,originated in northwestern South America,whereas the more geographically derived haplogroup,MHII,overlapped with MHI,but also expanded into central and southern South America.Thus,Tamandua migrated from south to north whereas Myrmecophaga migrated from north to south.Our results also showed that tem

关键词： Anteaters Genetic diversity Mitogenomes Myrmecophaga Neotropics Phylogeography Spatial structure Tamandua

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Effects of estrogen receptor modulators on cytoskeletal proteins in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第8期12卷 1231-1240页

作者： Julia J.Segura-Uribe Rodolfo pinto-Almazán Angélica Coyoy-Salgado Claudia E.Fuentes-Venado christian Guerra-Araiza Unidad de Investigacion Modica en Enfermedades Neurologicas Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Mexico City Mexico Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politecnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico Unidad de Investigacion Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca Ixtapaluca Mexico Institute for the Developing Mind Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Department of Pediatrics Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico City Mexico Clinica de Trastornos del Sueno Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa Mexico City Mexico Servicio de Medicina Fisica y Rehabilitacion Hospital General de Zona No. 197 Texcoco Mexico Unidad de Investigacion Modica en Farmacologla Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Mexico City Mexico

Estrogen receptor modulators are compounds of interest because of their estrogenic agonistic/antagonistic effects and tissue specificity. These compounds have many clinical applications, particularly for breast cancer treatment and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, as well as for the treatment of climacteric symptoms. Similar to estrogens, neuroprotective effects of estrogen receptor modulators have been described in different models. However, the mechanisms of action of these compounds in the central nervous system have not been fully described. We conducted a systematic search to investigate the effects of estrogen receptor modulators in the central nervous system, focusing on the modulation of cytoskeletal proteins. We found that raloxifene, tamoxifen, and tibolone modulate some cytoskeletal proteins such as tau, microtuble-associated protein 1（MAP1）, MAP2, neurofilament 38（NF38） by different mechanisms of action and at different levels： neuronal microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubule-associated proteins. Finally, we emphasize the importance of the study of these compounds in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases since they present the benefits of estrogens without their side effects.

关键词： estrogen receptor modulators selective estrogen receptor modulators microtubules neurofilaments tibolone tamoxifen raloxifene

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Effect of tibolone pretreatment on kinases and phosphatases that regulate the expression and phosphorylation of Tau in the hippocampus of rats exposed to ozone

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第3期13卷 440-448页

作者： Rodolfo pinto-Almazán Julia J. Segura-Uribe Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa Eunice D. Farfán-García Juan M. Gallardo christian Guerra-Araiza Unidad de Investigación Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Ixtapaluca Carretera Federal México-Puebla km 34.5 C.P. 56530. Ixtapaluca State of Mexico Mexico Institute for the Developing Mind Children's Hospital Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Department of Pediatrics Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Av. Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores. C. P. 06720. Mexico City Mexico Escuela Superior de Medicina Instituto Politécnico Nacional Plan de San Luis y Diaz Mirón Col. Casco de Santo Tomis. C. P. 11340. Mexico City Mexico Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Av. Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores. C. P. 06720. Mexico City Mexico Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacologia Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Av. Cuauhtémoc 330 Col. Doctores. C. P. 06720. Mexico City Mexico

Oxidative stress （OS） is a key process in the development of many neurodegenerative diseases, memory disorders, and other pathological processes related to aging. Tibolone （TIB）, a synthetic hormone used as a treatment for menopausal ymptoms, decreases lipoperoxidation levels, prevents memory impairment and learning disability caused by ozone （O3） exposure. However, it is not clear if TIB could prevent the increase in phosphorylation induced by oxidative stress of the microtubule-associated protein Tau. In this study, the effects of TIB at different times of administration on the phosphorylation of Tau, the activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β （GSK3β）, and the inactivation of Akt and phosphatases PP2A and PTEN induced by O3 exposure were assessed in adult male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 10 groups： control group （ozone-free air plus vehicle [C]）, control ＋ TIB group （ozone-free air plus TIB 1 mg/kg [C ＋ TIB]）; 7,15, 30, and 60 days of ozone exposure groups [O3] and 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of TIB 1 mg/kg before ozone exposure groups [O3 ＋ TIB]. The effects of O3 exposure and TIB administration were assessed by western blot analysis of total and phosphorylated Tau, GSK3β, Akt, PP2A, and PTEN proteins and oxidative stress marker nitrotyrosine, and superoxide dismutase activity and lipid peroxidation of malondialdehyde by two different spectrophotometric methods （Marklund and TBARS, respectively）. We observed that O3 exposure increases Tau phosphorylation, which is correlated with decreased PP2A and PTEN protein levels, diminished Akt protein levels, and increased GSK3β protein levels in the hippocampus of adult male rats. The effects of O3 exposure were prevented by the long-term treatment （over 15 days） with TIB. Malondialdehyde and nitrotyrosine levels increased from 15 to 60 days of exposure to O3 in comparison to C group, and superoxide dismutase activity decreased. Furthermore, TIB administration limited the changes induced by O3 exposure. Our results suggest a beneficial use of hormone replacement

关键词： tibolone oxidative stress ozone exposure Tau GSK3 hippocampus neuroprotection

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Microstructure and mechanical behavior of similar butt-joints of ZK60 and ZK60-1.5RE magnesium alloys produced by linear friction stir welding

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第5期9卷 1802-1817页

作者： Erenilton Pereira da Silva Ricardo Henrique Buzolin Ulises Alfaro Guillermo Requena Haroldo Calvalcanti pinto Institute of Engineering Science and Technology(IECT)Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri(UFVJM)JanaúbaMGBrazil Department of Materials Engineering São Carlos School of Engineering(EESC)University of São Paulo(USP)São Carlos-SP CEP 13563-120Brazil christian Doppler Laboratory for Design of High-Performance Alloys by Thermomechanical Processing Kopernikusgasse 24Graz 8010Austria Institute of Materials Science Joining and Forming at Graz University of Technology opernikusgasse 24/IGraz 8010Austria German Aerospace Center(DLR)Institute of Materials Research Linder HöheCologne 51147Germany RWTH Aachen University Metallic Structures and Materials Systems for Aerospace EngineeringD-52062 AachenGermany.

The microstructure and mechanical properties of butt-joints produced by linear friction stir welding of similar plates of as-cast ZK60 and modified ZK60 with 1.5 wt.%RE(ZK60-1.5 RE)are investigated.The thermomechanical affected zone is investigated in both advancing and retrieving sides,and the microstructure is compared to the base metal and the stirred zone.Electron backscattered diffraction measurements provide the average microstructural features of the transformed microstructure.The mechanical properties are assessed using hardness,tensile testing,and surface residual stress measured using X-ray diffraction.Higher torque and heat input are obtained for the ZK60-1.5 RE compared to the ZK60.The thermomechanical affected zone is notably larger for the ZK60 compared to the ZK60-1.5 RE.A gradient microstructure is formed in thermomechanical affected zones where deformed grains are progressively more recrystallised towards the stirred zone.There is no visible interface between the thermomechanical affected zone and the stirred zone.A fine and partially recrystallised microstructure is formed in the stirred zone.The retrieving side of the ZK60-1.5 RE has a slightly more refined microstructure compared to the other investigated zones.Anisotropy measured with increment in the maximum intensity of the(0001)increases towards to stirred zone.The formed microstructure is correlated with the role of twinning,recovery,static,and dynamic recrystallisation that can occur during friction stir welding.Twinning and grains with large misorientation spread are more pronounced in the thermomechanical affected zone and regions towards the base metal.Sharp low angle grain boundaries are observed towards the stirred zone.From refined recrystallised grains decorating the grain in the thermomechanical affected zone,a mosaic-like of low and high angle grain boundaries are observed in the stirred zone.The joints have comparable surface residual stresses.The friction stir welding improved the ductility and strength of the as-cast ZK60-1.5

关键词： ZK60 Mischmetal FSW Recrystallization Microstructure Thermomechanical

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Effect of Ce-base mischmetal addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled ZK60 alloy

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第3期9卷 995-1006页

作者： E.P.Silva R.H.Buzolin F.Marques F.Soldera U.Alfaro H.C.pinto Institute of Engineering Science and Technology(IECT)Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri(UFVJM)JanaúbaMGBrazil São Carlos School of Engineering(EESC) University of São Paulo(USP)Department of Materials EngineeringCEP 13563-120 São Carlos-SPBrazil christian Doppler Laboratory for Design of high-performance alloys by thermomechanical processing Kopernikusgasse 24/I8010 GrazAustria Technische Universität Graz(TU Graz) Institute of Materials ScienceJoining and FormingKopernikusgasse 24/I8010 GrazAustria Institute of Functional Materials Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSaarland UniversitySaarbrueckenGermany German Aerospace Center(DLR)Institute of Materials Research Linder Höhe51147 CologneGermany

Mg-Zn-Zr(ZK)alloys exhibit notably high mechanical strength amongst all magnesium alloy grades.However,due to the formation of low melting point Mg_3Zn_7-precipitates,these alloys are susceptible to hot cracking,thus compromising their metallurgical processing.The addition of rare earths to ZK alloys is an alternative to form higher melting point intermetallic compounds,speed up dynamic recrystallization,refine grain size,enhance corrosion resistance and extend the service temperature due to improved creep resistance.This work deals with the effect of Ce-base mischmetal addition on the hot rolling behaviour of as-cast ZK60 alloy.The microstructure investigation conducted using electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction shows that precipitation of Mg_(7)Zn_(3) intermetallics occur during hot rolling,whereas no further precipitation is observed for the ZK60-Mm alloys.The fragmentation of the intermetallic compounds occur during hot rolling and finer particles of Mg_(7)Zn_(3) are observed for the ZK60,whereas Mg_(7)Zn_(3) and Mg Zn_(2) Ce intermetallics are formed in the alloy modified with mischmetal addition.A higher fraction of dynamically recrystallized grains is observed for the ZK60-Mm in comparison to the ZK60.Continuous recrystallization takes place in ZK60 with the formation of sub-grains near to the intermetallics and the addition of mischmetal promotes the occurrence of discontinuous recrystallization with the nucleation of new grains close to the precipitates.The mechanical strength and,in particular,the ductility of the hot-rolled alloys are notably improved when compared to the same alloys in the as-cast condition.The mechanical strength is,however,higher for the ZK60 alloy.Less solid solution strengthening,softer Mg Zn_(2) Ce intermetallics and more extensive recrystallization contribute to reduce the mechanical strength of ZK60-Mm.Failure in both alloys are initiated at coarse intermetallics and propagate through intermetallic-rich regions.

关键词： Magnesium alloys Hot rolling Mischmetal Recrystallization Microstructure Mechanical properties

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Transarterial chemoembolization as adjuvant treatment after surgery: The cure of huge hepatocellular carcinoma?

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第3期20卷 205-206页

作者： Andrea Chierici Andrew Ofosu Ivan Cincione Rodolfo Sacco christian Cotsoglou Antonio Facciorusso General Surgery Department ASST-VimercateVimercate 20871Italy Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of FoggiaFoggia 71122Italy Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences Gastroenterology UnitUniversity of FoggiaViale Pinto1Foggia 71122Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) represents the sixth common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Its incidence is higher in Eastern countries. HCC is frequently detected at advanced stage of dise... 详细信息

关键词： mortality cancer surgery

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