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Insensitive high explosives:Ⅳ. Nitroguanidine-Initiation & detonation

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第4期15卷 467-487页

作者： Ernst-christian koch Lutradyn-Energetic Materials

This paper reviews the detonative properties of low bulk density(LBD),high bulk density(HBD)Nitroguanidine(NGu)(1),CAS-No:[556-88-7]and 82 explosive formulations based on NGu reported in the public *** rank the performance of those formulations they are compared with 15 reference compositions containing both standard high explosives such as octogen(HMX)(2),hexogen(RDX)(3),pentaerythritol tetranitrate(PETN)(4),2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT)(5)as well as insensitive high explosives such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazolone(NTO)(6),1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene(TATB)(7),1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene(FOX-7)(8)and N-Guanylurea dinitramide(FOX 12)(9).NGu based formulations are superior to those based on FOX-12 or TATB and are a close match with FOX-7 based explosives,the latter just having higher Gurney Energies(-10%)and slightly higher detonation pressure(+2%).NGu based explosives even reach up to 78% of the detonation pressure,82% Gurney energy and up to 95% of detonation velocity of ***-NGu dissolves in many melt cast eutectics forming dense charges thereby eliminating the need for costly High Bulk Density *** based formulations are at the rock bottom of sensitiveness among all the above-mentioned explosives which contributes to the safety of these *** review gives 132 references to the public *** a review on the synthesis spectroscopy and sensitiveness of Nitroguanidine see Ref.[1].

关键词： Cook-off Detonation Insensitive munitions Nitroguanidine Shock sensitvity

Effects of supplementation of green tea extract on the milk performance of peripartal dairy cows and the expression of stress response genes in the liver

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1163-1174页

作者： Denise K.Gessner Corinna Brock Lena M.Hof Erika Most christian koch Klaus Eder Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry Hofgut Neumühle67728 Münchweiler an der AlsenzGermany.

Background: We hypothesised that supplementation of green tea extract(GTE) in dairy cows during the transition period can attenuate proinflammatory conditions and prevent endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress in the liver of these cows. Thirty Holstein cows with an average parity of 3.06(± 1.31, SD) were divided into a control group and a group that received a daily amount of 10 g of GTE from d 7 before the calving day and a daily amount of 20 g of GTE from the day of calving until d 7 of ***: Cows supplemented with GTE did not show differences in energy intake or milk yield in weeks 2–7 of lactation. However, these cows had a lower milk fat concentration and a lower energy corrected milk yield than the control cows and showed a trend of improved energy balance. The relative m RNA concentrations of proinflammatory genes, genes involved in the acute phase reaction and antioxidant genes in the liver in weeks 1, 4 and 7 of lactation were not different between the two groups of cows. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in plasma were not different between the two groups. However, the group supplemented with GTE showed significant reductions of some genes of the unfolded protein response(UPR) in week 1 and a trend of lower liver triacylglycerol(TAG) concentrations in the liver compared to the control ***: This study shows that supplementation of GTE in dairy cows lowers the fat concentration in the milk but overall has no effect on the expression of inflammatory genes and the antioxidative status in dairy cows during early lactation. The finding of reduced m RNA levels of genes involved in the UPR at week 1, however, supports other results showing that supplementation of polyphenols could prevent the development of ER stress in the liver of cows during early lactation. The finding of a tendency towards a reduced TAG concentration in the liver of cows supplemented with GTE might be due to an improved ene

关键词： Animal nutrition Cow Green tea extract Liver Metabolism Milk performance

Multiple Institutional Dynamics of Sustainable Housing Concepts in DenmarkOn the Role of Passive Houses

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Sociology Study 2012年第10期2卷 725-741页

作者： Martine Buser christian koch Chalmers University of Technology Sweden

One of the central challenges of sustainable transition is the changing of the buildings. This involves social, cultural,political, and regulatory dynamics. Critically using transition theory conceptualization of a world of dynamics, the paper reviews institutional theory and actor network approaches in an attempt to better account for contemporary developments in Europe, encompassing EU reforms as well as multiple competing concepts. The emergence of ＂passive houses＂ in Denmark is used as a case of transition dynamics. The concept was developed in Germany and imported into Denmark. It is a technological niche, encompassing technologies, players, improvisation, and early customers. Passive houses have entered into fierce competition with other future institutions such as LEED （Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design）, DGNB （German Sustainable Building Council）/green building council, and active houses. Passive houses were at the outset a well-developed upcoming institution with design principles, software, certification and numerous reference buildings, strong enough to be a challenger institution. They are promoted by a characteristic alliance of architects, consulting engineers, a few clients, and an architect school, whereas the other concepts exhibit their specific actor alliances. Yet passive houses experience barriers such as the reputation of being expensive and non-user friendly, and are currently surpassed by the other concepts.

关键词： Passive houses transition theory Denmark sustainable building

"Integrated Design Process"a Concept for Green Energy Engineering

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第3期5卷 292-298页

作者： christian koch Henrik Buhl Civil and Environmental Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Department of Management Engineering Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark

Consulting Engineers and Architects are currently experimenting with the concept of “Integrated Design Process” (IDP). This paper views Integrated Design Process as a process tool and a concept for management and organization of the green energy engineering process. Moreover such a concept is understood both as systematic knowledge and a symbolic device for enabling change. The paper briefly review international variants, and focus on two variants present in Denmark: an architect and engineering variant of IDP. The differences between the concepts include different roles for main actors, the use of information technology, the relation to lean, and forms of collaboration. The paper discusses two building projects focusing on teams of engineers and architects in the early conceptual phase. One develops a solution focused on energy saving technologies, the other on energy producing. It is argued that in this practical context, IDP is viewed as ambiguous and not well defined, and the architects and engineer work hard understanding and using the concepts even when directly involved. It is difficult to reach consensus on how to do it. The various players agree that an increased interdisciplinary interaction in the design team is necessary in order to comply with the increased complexity of green energy building design. IDP shows potential as a driver for green energy engineering and technologies, as traditional roles and responsibilities in the design process is changed, and sustainable solutions for green buildings can reach a higher standard and quality and are integrated earlier in the design process.

关键词： Integrated Design Processes Sustainable Building Negotiated Concepts

有效的脱盐术适用于SPE-AOX分析的全自动样品前处理技术

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实验与分析 2013年第5期 42-43页

作者： christian koch 德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司

测定水中可吸附的有机卤化物的标准方法会受到多种因素的影响。本文介绍了一种结合固相富集技术的全自动样品制备方法，尤其适用于对高盐份样品的分析。

关键词：样品前处理技术全自动脱盐有机卤化物标准方法制备方法富集技术可吸附

Desmopression is an effective adjunct treatment for reversing excessive hyponatremia overcorrection

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2013年第5期1卷 155-158页

作者： Kamel A Gharaibeh Matthew J Craig christian A koch Anna A Lerant Tibor Fülp va Csongrádi Department of Internal Medicine University of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS 39216-4505United States Department of Anesthesiology University of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMS 39216-4505United States Department of Medicine University of Debrecen Medical and Health Science CentreUniversity of Debrecen4032 DebrecenHungary

We report a case of a 50-year-old malnourished African American male with hiccups, nausea and vomiting who was brought to the Emergency Department after repeated seizures at home. Laboratory evaluations revealed sodium(Na+) 107 mmol/L, unmeasurably low potassium, chloride < 60 mmol/L, bicarbonate of 38 mmol/L and serum osmolality 217 m Osm/kg. Seizures were controlled with 3% saline Ⅳ. Once nausea was controlled with iv antiemetics, he developed large volume free water diuresis with 6 L of dilute urine in 8 h(urine osmolality 40-60 m Osm/kg) and serum sodium rapidly rose to 126 mmol/L in 12 h. Both intravenous desmopressin and 5% dextrose in water was given to achieve a concentrated urine and to temporarily reverse theacute rise of sodium, respectively. Serum Na+ was gradually re-corrected in 2-3 mmol/L daily increments from 118 mmol/L until 130 mmol/L. Hypokalemia was slowly corrected with resultant auto-correction of metabolic alkalosis. The patient discharged home with no neurologic sequaele on the 11 th hospital day. In euvolemic hyponatremic patient, controlling nausea may contribute to unpredictable free water diuresis. The addition of an antidiuretic hormone analog, such as desmopressin can limit urine output and prevent an unpredictable rise of the serum sodium.

关键词： Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Overcorrection Polyuria Antidiuretic hormone Vasopressin Desmopressin Osmotic demyelination syndrome Central pontine myelinolysis

Nanoscale Particles Enhanced Gold Plating

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Nanoscale Particles Enhanced Gold Plating

涂料和砂添加剂作为整体解决方案使铸件无缺陷及无残余物

The 2011 International Conference on Key Engineering Materials and Computer Science(KEMCS 2011)

作者： Jian Song christian koch Liangliang Wang Srecko Stopic Jelena Bogovic Bernd Friedrich Andreas M?bius Axel Fuhrmann OWL University of Applied Sciences Liebigstr.8732657 LemgoGermany RWTH Aachen Germany Enthone GmbH LangenfeldGermany

Using precious metals as plating materials is an effective measure to avoid failures of electrical contacts caused by frettingWhen using precious metals, such as gold, one of the limitations to their lifetime is the wear resistanceIn order to improve the wear resistance of gold plates, gold alloy is usually usedInstead of alloying elements, nanoscale particles of metal oxides were used for the modification of plates in our investigationSome of the nanoscale particles show considerable impact on the performance of plates for electrical contactsThis paper shows the first results and new challenges when using nanoscale particles for electroplating.

关键词： nanoparticle plating fretting wear electrical contacts

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涂料和砂添加剂作为整体解决方案使铸件无缺陷及无残余物

Effects of supplementation of green tea extract on the milk performance of peripartal dairy cows and the expressionof stress response genes in the liver.

第十一届消失模与V法铸造学术年会

作者： Reinhard Sttzel christian koch 刘生银 ASK Chemicals 亚世科化学

通过新涂料和添加剂的研发,铸造厂能够以不那么复杂的方式生产无缺陷和残余物的铸件,同时负面影响更小,甚至可以生产没有涂层的铸件。

关键词：造型和砂芯涂料浸涂铸造厂性能铸件缺陷

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