The precise regulation of microRNA(miRNA)biogenesis is crucial for plant development,which requires core microprocessors and many fine tuners to coordinate their miRNA processing activity/specificity in fluctuating ce...
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The precise regulation of microRNA(miRNA)biogenesis is crucial for plant development,which requires core microprocessors and many fine tuners to coordinate their miRNA processing activity/specificity in fluctuating cellular *** de-etiolation,light triggers a dramatic accumulation of core microprocessors and primary miRNAs(pri-miRNAs)but decreases pri-miRNA processing activity,resulting in relatively constant miRNA *** mechanisms underlying these seemingly contradictory regulatory changes remain *** this study,we identified forkhead-associated domain 2(FHA2)as a light-stabilized suppressor of miRNA *** found that FHA2 deficiency increased the level of mature miRNAs,accompanied by a reduction in pri-miRNAs and target *** assays showed that FHA2 associates with the core microprocessors DCL1,HYL1,and SE,forming a complex to suppress their pri-miRNA processing *** analyses revealed that FHA2 promotes HYL1 binding but inhibits the binding of DCL1-PAZ-RNase-RNA-binding domains(DCL1-PRR)to miRNAs,whereas FHA2 does not directly bind to these ***,we found that FHA2 protein is unstable in the dark but stabilized by light during ***,disruption of FH A led to defects in light-triggered changes in miRNA expression and reduced the survival rate of deetiolated seedlings after prolonged light ***,these data suggest that FHA2 is a novel light-stabilized suppressor of miRNA biogenesis and plays a role in fine-tuning miRNA processing during de-etiolation.
Root hairs are single cells that develop by tip growth, a process shared with pollen tubes, axons, and fungal hyphae. However, structural plant cell walls impose constraints to accomplish tip growth. In addition to po...
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Root hairs are single cells that develop by tip growth, a process shared with pollen tubes, axons, and fungal hyphae. However, structural plant cell walls impose constraints to accomplish tip growth. In addition to polysaccharides, plant cell walls are composed of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs), which include several groups of O-glycoproteins, including extensins (EXTs). Proline hydroxylation, an early post-translational modification (PTM) of HRGPs catalyzed by prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4Hs), defines their subsequent O-glycosylation sites. In this work, our genetic analyses prove that P4H5, and to a lesser extent P4H2 and P4H13, are pivotal for root hair tip growth. Second, we demonstrate that P4H5 has in vitro preferred specificity for EXT substrates rather than for other HRGPs. Third, by P4H promoter and protein swapping approaches, we show that P4H2 and P4H13 have interchangeable functions but cannot replace P4H5. These three P4Hs are shown to be targeted to the secretory pathway, where P4H5 forms dimers with P4H2 and P4H13. Finally, we explore the impact of deficient proline hydroxylation on the cell wall architec- ture. Taken together, our results support a model in which correct peptidyl-proline hydroxylation on EXTs, and possibly in other HRGPs, is required for proper cell wall self-assembly and hence root hair elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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