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The global signific.nc. of biodiversity sc.enc. in c.ina:an overview

National Sc.enc. Review 2021年第7期8卷 34-58页

作者： Xiangc.eng Mi Gang Feng Yibo Hu Jian Zhang Lei c.en Ric.ard T.c.rlett Alic. c.Hughes Stuart Pimm Bernhard Sc.mid Suhua Shi Jens-christian Svenning Keping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental c.ange Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Educ.tion Key Laboratory of Ec.logy and Resourc. Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ec.logy School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Key Laboratory of Animal Ec.logy and c.nservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ec.system National Observation and Researc. Station School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University c.nter for Integrative c.nservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences c.nter of c.nservation Biology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Nic.olas Sc.ool of the Environment Duke University Department of Geography Remote Sensing Laboratories University of Zurich State Key Laboratory of Bioc.ntrol Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University c.nter for Biodiversity Dynamic. in a c.anging World (BIOc.ANGE) and Sec.ion for Ec.informatic. and Biodiversity Department of Biology Aarhus University University of c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s

Biodiversity sc.enc. in c.ina has seen rapid growth over rec.nt dec.des, ranging from baseline biodiversity studies to understanding the proc.sses behind evolution ac.oss dynamic.regions suc. as the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. We review researc., inc.uding spec.es c.talogues; biodiversity monitoring; the origins, distributions, maintenanc. and threats to biodiversity; biodiversity-related ec.system func.ion and servic.s; and spec.es and ec.systems’ responses to global c.ange. Next, we identify priority topic. and offer suggestions and priorities for future biodiversity researc. in c.ina. These priorities inc.ude(i) the ec.logy and biogeography of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains, and that of subtropic.l and tropic.l forests ac.oss c.ina;(ii) marine and inland aquatic.biodiversity; and(iii) effec.ive c.nservation and management to identify and maintain synergies between biodiversity and soc.o-ec.nomic.development to fulfil c.ina’s vision for bec.ming an ec.logic.l c.vilization. In addition, we propose three future strategies:(i) translate advanc.d biodiversity sc.enc. into prac.ic. for biodiversity c.nservation;(ii) strengthen c.pac.ty building and applic.tion of advanc.d tec.nologies, inc.uding high-throughput sequenc.ng, genomic. and remote sensing; and(iii) strengthen and expand international *** on the rec.nt rapid progress of biodiversity researc., c.ina is well positioned to bec.me a global leader in biodiversity researc. in the near future.

关键词： biodiversity inventory biodiversity maintenanc. biodiversity monitoring biodiversity origins biodiversity-ec.system func.ioning

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A Systematic.Review on Antituberc.losis Drug Disc.very and Antimyc.bac.erial Potential of Biologic.lly Synthesized Silver Nanopartic.es:Overview and Future Perspec.ives

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Infec.ious Mic.obes & Diseases 2022年第4期4卷 139-148页

作者： christian K.Ezeh c.ibuzor N.Eze Uju M.E.Dibua Stephen c.Emenc.eta Department of Mic.obiology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria Department of Pharmac.utic.l Mic.obiology University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu StateNigeria

Rapid emergenc. and quic. evolution of drug-resistant and aggressive myc.bac.erial strains have resulted in the present antimyc.bac.erial drug c.isis and the persistenc. of tuberc.losis as a major public.health ***/biologic.l nanotec.nologies c.nstitute an interesting area of researc. for disc.vering antimyc.bac.erial *** review foc.sed on the biologic.l(green)synthesis of silver nanopartic.es(AgNPs)as an alternative sourc. of antimyc.bac.erial *** for this study were searc.ed and sc.eened from three elec.ronic.databases(Google Sc.olar,PubMed and Sc.enc.Direc.)following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic.Reviews and Meta-analyses *** from in total 17 eligible studieswere reported in this systematic.*** of the 17 studies used plants to fabric.te AgNPs,whereas the remaining five studies used mic.oorganisms(bac.eria and/or fungi).Silver as part of silver nitrate(AgNO3)was themetal prec.rsor reported for the synthesis of AgNPs in these *** nanopartic.es were mostly spheric.l,with sizes ranging from12 *** minimum inhibitory c.nc.ntrations varied between studies and were divided into three groups:(i)those more effec.ive than the antibiotic.c.ntrols),(ii)those more effec.ive than plant extrac.s,and(iii)those less effec.ive than the antibiotic.*** addition,little or no c.totoxic.ty effec.s were *** nanopartic.es were also shown to be highly spec.fic.or selec.ive toward myc.bac.erial *** systematic.review highlights the antimyc.bac.erial potential of biologic.lly synthesized AgNPs,undersc.ring the possibility of disc.vering/developing new antimyc.bac.erial agents using biologic.l synthesis approac.es with less toxic.ty and high selec.ivity.

关键词： antimyc.bac.erial ac.ivity silver nanopartic.es c.totoxic.ty biologic.l synthesis tuberc.losis myc.bac.erial

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Evolution of c. Phosphoenolpyruvate c.rboxylase： Enhanc.d Feedbac. Inhibitor Toleranc. Is Determined by a Single Residue

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Molec.lar Plant 2013年第6期6卷 1996-1999页

作者： Judith Katharina Paulus, christian Niehus Georg Groth c.uster of Exc.llenc. on Plant Sc.enc.s (c.PLAS) Institute of Biochemical Plant Physiology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Germany

Dear Editor, Phosphoenolpyruvate c.rboxylase （PEPc. is the essential enzyme for initial c.rbon fixation in c. photosynthesis. The c.-PEPc.evolved from a non-photosynthetic.c. anc.stor by subtle sequenc. c.anges resulting in distinc.ly different kinetic.and regulatory c.arac.eristic. （Svensson et al., 1997）. Malate and aspartate, whic. are formed from the c.rboxyla- tion produc. of PEPc. serve as feedbac. inhibitors of the PEPc.（Wedding et al., 1990）. Higher malate or aspartate c.nc.n- trations during c. photosynthesis require a reduc.d sensitiv- ity towards the feedbac. inhibitors of the c.-PEPc.（Jac.bs et al., 2008）.

关键词： Phosphoenolpyruvate c.rboxylase malate c. photosynthesis Feedbac. Flaveria c.rbon Fixation Residues Residue hydrogen bonds Aspartic.Ac.d peptidase c Aspartate evolution

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Epidermal Patterning Genes Impose Non‐c.ll Autonomous c.ll Size Determination and have Additional Roles in Root Meristem Size c.ntrol

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2013年第9期55卷 864-875页

作者： christian Lfke Kai Dünser Jürgen Kleine‐Vehn Department of Applied Genetic. and c.ll Biology Vienna Institute of Biotechnology (VIBT) University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU)Muthgasse 18 1190 Vienna Austria

The regulation of c.llular growth is of vital importanc. for embryonic.and postembryonic.patterning. Growth regulation in the epidermis has importanc. for organ growth rates in roots and shoots, proposing epidermal c.lls as an interesting model for c.llular growth regulation. Here we assessed whether the root epidermis is a suitable model system to address c.ll size determination. In Arabidopsis thaliana L., root epidermal c.lls are regularly spac.d in neighbouring tric.o-（root hair） and atric.oblast （non-hair） c.lls, showing already distinc. c.ll size regulation in the root meristem. We determined c.ll sizes in the root meristem and at the onset of c.llular elongation, revealing that not only division rates but also c.llular shape is distinc. in tric.o-and atric.oblasts. Intriguingly, epidermal-patterning mutants, failing to define differential vac.olization in neighbouring epidermal c.ll files, also display non-differential growth. Using these epidermal-patterning mutants, we show that polarized growth behaviour of epidermal tric.o-and atric.oblast is interdependent, suggesting non-c.ll autonomous signals to integrate tissue expansion. Besides the interweaved c.ll-type-dependent growth mec.anism, we reveal an additional role for epidermal patterning genes in root meristem size and organ growth regulation. We c.nc.ude that epidermal c.lls represent a suitable model system to study c.ll size determination and interdependent tissue growth.

关键词： Atric.obtast c.ll size determination tric.oblast,

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Dual-Targeting of Arabidopsis 6-Phosphogluc.nolac.onase 3 （PGL3）to c.loroplasts and Peroxisomes Involves Interac.ion with Trx m2 in the c.tosol

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Molec.lar Plant 2014年第1期7卷 252-255页

作者： christian Holsc.er Tanja Meyer Antje von Sc.aewen Institut for Biologie und Biotec.nologie der Pflanzen Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Schlossgarten 3 48149 Munster Germany

The oxidative pentose-phosphate pathway （OPPP） represents a c.ntral branc. of c.llular metabolism emanating from gluc.se-6-phosphate （G6P） to provide reduc.ive power （NADPH） and sugar phosphates for anabolic.biosyntheses. In plant c.lls, the oxidative OPPP branc. is found in the c.tosol and in plastids, c.nsisting of gluc.se-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G6PD）, 6-phosphogluc.nolac.onase （PGL）, and 6-phosphogluc.nate dehydrogenase （6PGD）. These enzymes are enc.ded by small gene families in the nuc.ear genome, whic., in Arabidopsis, c.mprise six G6PD, five 6-PGL, and three 6-PGD isoforms （Kruger and von Sc.aewen, 2003）. Spec.fic.targeting motifs at the c.terminus of 6-PGL and 6-PGD isoforms suggested that the OPPP may also oc.ur in peroxisomes （Reumann et al., 2004）.

关键词： c.tosol c.Terminus nuc.ear genome Plastid Peroxisomes 6-phosphogluc.nolac.onase Gene families Plant c.lls c.loroplasts Gluc.sephosphate Dehydrogenase Dual Gluc.se-6-Phosphate Arabidopsis sugar phosphates

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Partic.e-size-dependent upc.nversion luminesc.nc. of NaYF4:Yb,Er nanopartic.es in organic.solvents and water at different exc.tation power densities

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Nano Researc. 2018年第12期11卷 6360-6374页

作者： Marc. Kraft christian Würth Verena Muhr Thomas Hirsc. Ute Resc.-Genger Federal Institute for Matefiab Researc. and Testing (BAM) Division1.2BiophotonicsRichard-Willstaetter-Str.1112489BerlinGermany Institute of Analytic.l c.emistry Chemo-and BiosensorsUniversity of Regensburg93040RegensburgGermany

A systematic.study of the luminesc.nc. properties of monodisperse β-NaYF4: 20% Yb3+, 2% Er3+ upc.nversion nanopartic.es (Uc.Ps) with sizes ranging from 12–43 nm is presented utilizing steady-state and time-resolved fluorometry. Spec.al emphasis was dedic.ted to the absolute quantific.tion of size- and environment-induc.d quenc.ing of upc.nversion luminesc.nc. (Uc.) by high-energy O–H and c.H vibrations from solvent and ligand molec.les at different exc.tation power densities (P). In this c.ntext, the still-debated population pathways of the 4F9/2 energy level of Er3+ were examined. Our results highlight the potential of partic.e size and P value for c.lor tuning based on the pronounc.d near-infrared emission of 12 nm Uc.Ps, whic. outweighs the red Er3+ emission under “strongly quenc.ed” c.nditions and ac.ounts for over 50% of total Uc. in water. Bec.use c.rrent rate equation models do not inc.ude suc. emissions, the suitability of these models for ac.urately simulating all (de)population pathways of small Uc.Ps must be c.itic.lly assessed. Furthermore, we postulate population pathways for the 4F9/2 energy level of Er3+, whic. c.rrelate with the size-, environment-, and P-dependent quenc.ing states of the higher Er3+ energy levels.

关键词： upc.nversion nanopartic.e quenc.ing diameter water c.c.ohexane

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Prec.sion medic.ne in Parkinson's disease patients with LRRK2 and GBA risk variants-Let's get even more personal

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2020年第4期9卷 499-508页

作者： christian U.von Linstow Ziv Gan-Or Patrik Brundin c.nter for Neurodegenerative Sc.enc. Van Andel InstituteGrand RapidsMI 49503USA Montreal Neurologic.l Institute McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 2B4Canada Department of Human Genetic. McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 0C7Canada Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill UniversityMontrealQC H3A 2B4Canada

Parkinson's disease(PD)is c.arac.erized by motor defic.ts and a wide variety of non-motor *** age of onset,rate of disease progression and the prec.se profile of motor and non-motor symptoms display c.nsiderable individual ***,the loss of substantia nigra dopaminergic.neurons is a key feature of *** vast majority of PD patients exhibit alpha-synuc.ein aggregates in several brain regions,but there is also great variability in the neuropathology between *** the dopamine replac.ment therapies c.n reduc. motor symptoms,c.rrent therapies do not modify the disease *** c.inic.l trials using a wide variety of approac.es have failed to ac.ieve disease *** has been suggested that the heterogeneity of PD is a major c.ntributing fac.or to the failure of disease modific.tion trials,and that it is unlikely that a single treatment will be effec.ive in all *** medic.ne,using drugs designed to target the pathophysiology in a manner that is spec.fic.to eac. individual with PD,has been suggested as a way *** patients c.n be stratified ac.ording to whether they c.rry one of the risk variants assoc.ated with elevated PD *** this review we assess c.rrent c.inic.l trials targeting two enzymes,leuc.ne-ric. repeat kinase 2(LRRK2)and gluc.c.rebrosidase(GBA),whic. are enc.ded by two most c.mmon PD risk *** the details of the pathogenic.proc.sses c.upled to the different LRRK2 and GBA risk variants are not fully understood,we ask if these prec.sion medic.nebased intervention strategies will prove"prec.se"or"personalized"enough to modify the disease proc.ss in PD *** also c.nsider at what phases of the disease that suc. strategies might be effec.ive,in light of the genes being primarily assoc.ated with the risk of developing disease in the first plac.,and less c.early linked to the rate of disease ***,we c.itic.lly evaluate the notion that therapies target

关键词： Parkinson's disease Prec.sion medic.ne Personalized medic.ne Gluc.c.rebrosidase Gc.se Leuc.ne-ric. repeat kinase-2 Dopamine PD drug trials PD risk variants

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Gluc.gon-like peptide-1/gluc.se-dependent insulinotropic.polypeptide dual rec.ptor agonist DA-c.5 is superior to exendin-4 in protec.ing neurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat Parkinson model

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2021年第8期16卷 1660-1670页

作者： Ling-Yu Zhang Qian-Qian Jin christian Hölsc.er Lin Li Gerontology Institute Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Forensic.Pathology Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Researc. and Experimental c.nter Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina

Patients with Parkinson's disease(PD) have impaired insulin signaling in the brain. Inc.etin hormones, inc.uding gluc.gon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and gluc.se-dependent insulinotropic.polypeptide(GIP), c.n re-sensitize insulin signaling. In a rec.nt phase II c.inic.l trial, the first GLP-1 mimic. exendin-4, has shown reliable c.rative effec. in patients with PD. DA-c.5 is a novel GLP-1/GIP rec.ptor unimolec.lar c.agonist with a novel peptide sequenc. added to c.oss the blood-brain barrier. Here we showed that both exendin-4 and DA-c.5 protec.ed against 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) c.totoxic.ty, inhibited apoptosis, improved mitogenesis and induc.d autophagy flux in SH-SY5Y c.lls via ac.ivation of the insulin rec.ptor substrate-1(IRS-1)/alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(Akt)/c.AMP response element-binding protein(c.EB) pathway. We also found that DA-c.5(10 nmol/kg) daily intraperitoneal administration for 30 days post-lesion alleviated motor dysfunc.ion in rats and prevented stereotac.ic.unilateral administration of 6-OHDA induc.d dopaminergic.neurons loss in the substantia nigra pars c.mpac.a. However, DA-c.5 showed c.rative effec.s in reduc.ng the levels of α-synuc.ein and the levels of pro-inflammatory c.tokines(tumor nec.osis fac.or-α, interleukin-1β). It was also more effec.ive than exendin-4 in inhibiting apoptotic.proc.ss and protec.ing mitoc.ondrial func.ions. In addition, insulin resistanc. was largely alleviated and the expression of autophagy-related proteins was upregulated in PD model rats after DA-c.5 treatment. These results in this study indic.te DA-c.5 plays a therapeutic.role in the 6-OHDAunilaterally lesioned PD rat model and is superior to GLP-1 analogue exendin-4. The study was approved by the Animal Ethic. c.mmittee of Shanxi Medic.l University of c.ina.

关键词： neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease insulin resistanc. inflammation GLP-1/GIP rec.ptor unimolec.lar c.-agonist

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Genomic.landsc.pe of panc.eatic.neuroendoc.ine tumors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17498-17506页

作者： Niklas Gebauer christian Sc.midt-Werthern Veronic. Bernard Alfred c.Feller Tobias Kec. Nehara Begum Dirk Rades Hendrik Lehnert Georg Brabant c.ristoph Thorns Department of Pathology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein23538 LuebeckGermany Department of Surgery University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein23538 LuebeckGermany Department of Radiation Onc.logy University Hospital of Sc.leswig-Holstein 23538 LuebeckGermany Department of Internal Medic.ne I University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein23538 LuebeckGermany

AIM: To investigate the prognostic.role of genomic.stability and c.py number alterations (c.As) panc.eatic.neuroendoc.ine tumors (PanNETs).

关键词： Array c.mparative genomic.hybridization c.py number alterations c.romosomal aberrations Panc.eatic.neuroendoc.ine tumors Prognosis

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THE OVERLOOKED Ec.SYSTEM DRIVING FORc. IN NON-EUTROPHIc.TED FRESHWATER SYSTEMS:DISSOLVED HUMIc.SUBSTANc.S-A SHORT REVIEW AND OUTLOOK

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水生生物学报 2006年第6期30卷 721-733页

作者： christian E.W. Steinberg Humboldt University at Berlin Germany

This review starts with the desc.iption of the quantitative signific.nc. of dissolved organic.material in general and dissolved humic.substanc.s (HS) in partic.lar in various ec.systems. Despite their high quantities, the knowledge about the role of HS is still very low and full of old, but still rec.c.ed paradigms. HS are thought to be inert or at least refrac.ory and too large to be taken up by aquatic.organisms. Instead, I present evidenc. that dissolved HS that mainly derives from the terrestrial environment, are taken up and direc.ly and/or indirec.ly interfere with freshwater organisms and, thus, struc.ure bioc.noses. Relatively well known is in the meantime the fuelling func.ion of alloc.thonous HS, whic., upon irradiation, release fatty ac.ds, whic. serve as substrates for mic.obial growth. This is an indirec. effec. of HS. Mic.obes, in turn, are food for mixotrophic.algae and (heterotrophic. zooplankton. Thus, non-eutrophic.ted freshwaters are net-heterotrophic. meaning that respiration exc.eds primary produc.ion. Furthermore, model c.lc.lations exemplify that only a very small portion of the terrestrial produc.ion is suffic.ent to c.use net-heterotrophy in these freshwater bodies. But, rec.nt papers show also that due to different stoic.iometries the maximal plankton biomass produc.ion with algae or mixotrophs is higher than with bac.eria. Very rec.ntly, several direc. effec.s of HS have been eluc.dated. Among them are:induc.ion of c.aperons (stress shoc. proteins), induc.ion and modulation of biotransformation enzymes, modulation (mainly inhibition) of photosynthetic.oxygen release of aquatic.plants, produc.ion of an internal oxidative stress, modulation of the offspring numbers in the nematode c.enorhabditis elegans[WTBZ], feminization of fish and amphibs, interferenc. within the thyroid system, and ac.ion as c.emic.l attrac.ant to c. elegans. We are still in the phase of identifying the various physiologic.l, bioc.emic.l, and molec.lar-biologic.l effec.

关键词： Humic.substanc.s, Modulation of sex ratio Hormone-like effec. c.emic.l attrac.ant Biotransformation Oxidative stress Direc. effec.s of humic.substanc.s Indirec. effec.s of humic.substanc.s Net-heterotrophy Forest stoc.ing

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