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Emerging and re-emerging viruses: A global challenge illustrated by Chikungunya virus outbreaks

World Journal of Virology 2012年第1期1卷 11-22页

作者： christian a devaux Center for the study of Pathogens and health Biotechnology-CPBS UMR5236 CNRS-UM1-UM2 F-34293 Montpellier cedex 5 France

In recent decades, the issue of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, especially those related to viruses, has become an increasingly important area of concern in public health. It is of significance to anticipate future epidemics by accumulating knowledge through appropriate research and by monitoring their emergence using indicators from different sources. The objective is to alert and respond effectively in order to reduce the adverse impact on the general populations. Most of the emerging pathogens in humans originate from known zoonosis. These pathogens have been engaged in long-standing and highly successful interactions with their hosts since their origins are exquisitely adapted to host parasitism. They developed strategies aimed at:(1) maximizing invasion rate;(2) selecting host traits that can reduce their impact on host life span and fertility;(3) ensuring timely replication and survival both within host and between hosts; and(4) facilitating reliable transmission to progeny. In this context, Arboviruses(or ARthropod-BOrne viruses), will represent with certainty a threat for the coming century. The unprecedented epidemic of Chikungunya virus which occurred between 2005 and 2006 in the FrenchReunion Island in the Indian Ocean, followed by several outbreaks in other parts of the world, such as India and Southern Europe, has attracted the attention of medical and state authorities about the risks linked to this re-emerging mosquito-borne virus. This is an excellent model to illustrate the issues we are facing today and to improve how to respond tomorrow.

关键词： Health threats Emerging virus Arbovirus Chikungunya virus Ecosystems Biosurveillance

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HIV-1 Assembly, Release and Maturation

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World Journal of AIDS 2011年第4期1卷 111-130页

作者： Laurence Briant Bernard Gay christian devaux Nathalie Chazal 不详

Late steps of HIV-1 life cycle are determinant for optimal dissemination of the virus to new target cells. These steps include assembly of structural precursors, budding of the new particle and maturation into fully infectious virions. Each step is finely tuned and timely regulated to allow the appropriate assembly of structural components, the efficient recruitment of viral and cell partners and the timely regulated proteolytic processing of the protein precursors. Despite the huge number of studies devoted to the definition of molecular mechanisms regulating these steps, a number of question remains to be answered before they are clearly apprehended. The elucidation of the role played by each viral proteins, nucleic acids as well as host-encoded factors will provide new clues in the understanding of the retroviral assembly/maturation process and will allow further development of new antiviral compounds. This review reports the most recent progress as well as the questions that remain to be answered in the field of HIV-1 assembly, release and maturation. Finally, we also describe the data available on the design and use of new antiretroviral drugs targeting these specific steps of the retroviral replication.

关键词： HIV-1 Assembly Maturation Release Gag Antiviral Molecule

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