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Automatic identification of crystal structures and interfaces via artificial-intelligence-based electron microscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 489-499页

作者： Andreas Leitherer Byung Chul Yeo christian h.liebscher Luca M.Ghiringhelli The NOMAD Laboratory at the Fritz-haber-Institut of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft and IRIS-Adlershof of the humboldt-Universität zu Berlin BerlinGermany Department of Energy Resources Engineering Pukyong National UniversityBusan 48513Republic of Korea Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung 40237 DüsseldorfGermany Physics Department and IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBerlinGermany Present address:Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Characterizing crystal structures and interfaces down to the atomic level is an important step for designing advanced *** electron microscopy routinely achieves atomic resolution and is capable to resolve complex arrangements of atoms with picometer ***,we present AI-STEM,an automatic,artificial-intelligence based method,for accurately identifying key characteristics from atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)images of polycrystalline *** method is based on a Bayesian convolutional neural network(BNN)that is trained only on simulated ***-STEM automatically and accurately identifies crystal structure,lattice orientation,and location of interface regions in synthetic and experimental *** model is trained on cubic and hexagonal crystal structures,yielding classifications and uncertainty estimates,while no explicit information on structural patterns at the interfaces is included during *** work combines principles from probabilistic modeling,deep learning,and information theory,enabling automatic analysis of experimental,atomic-resolution images.

关键词： materials crystal estimates

Park size and prey density limit occurrence of Eurasian Sparrowhawks in urban parks during winter

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Avian Research 2018年第3期9卷 206-213页

作者： Claudia Schütz christian h.Schulze Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of ViennaRennweg 141030 ViennaAustria

Background: Eurasian Sparrowhawks(Accipiter nisus) increasingly represent successful city-dwellers. Thereby, a rich food supply indicated by high numbers of small birds is believed to be the key driver for this bird-eating raptor species to settle in urban environments. however, as small passerine birds show particularly strong antipredator responses, sparrowhawks may not simply focus on patches of highest prey densities, but rather respond strategically to prey behavior, raising the importance of other parameters in determining the occurrence within urban ***: To deepen our knowledge on habitat requirements of urban sparrowhawks, bird surveys were carried out during winter between December 2005 and January 2017 in 36 city parks in Vienna, Austria. Besides food supply also park size, canopy heterogeneity and the connectivity with other green spaces were ***: Occurrence of sparrowhawks was positively affected by increasing park size, prey density and the interaction between both. Bird feeder density and park connectivity with other green spaces were of minor importance in explaining the presence of this species. Canopy heterogeneity didn't affect city park occupancy by Eurasian ***: Our results suggest that large city parks, particularly when characterized by high prey densities, substantially contribute to protect and preserve ecologically important bird species such as raptors within the urban environment—a landscape already struggling with biodiversity losses and functional homogenization.

关键词： Birds of prey Bird feeders Prey abundance habitat connectivity Tree cover Urban ecology

A cost driven predictive maintenance policy for structural airframe maintenance

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第3期30卷 1242-1257页

作者： Yiwei WANG christian GOGU Nicolas BINAUD christian BES Raphael T.hAFTKA Nam h.KIM Universite de Toulouse INSA/UPS/ISAE/Mines Albi ICA UMR CNRS 5312 Toulouse 31400 Frallce Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Florida Gainesville 32611 USA

Airframe maintenance is traditionally performed at scheduled maintenance *** decision to repair a fuselage panel is based on a fixed crack size threshold,which allows to ensure the aircraft safety until the next scheduled maintenance *** progress in sensor technology and data processing techniques,structural health monitoring（ShM） systems are increasingly being considered in the aviation *** systems track the aircraft health state continuously,leading to the possibility of planning maintenance based on an actual state of aircraft rather than on a fixed *** paper builds upon a model-based prognostics framework that the authors developed in their previous work,which couples the Extended Kalman filter（EKF） with a firstorder perturbation（FOP） *** using the information given by this prognostics method,a novel cost driven predictive maintenance（CDPM） policy is proposed,which ensures the aircraft safety while minimizing the maintenance *** proposed policy is formally derived based on the trade-off between probabilities of occurrence of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance.A numerical case study simulating the maintenance process of an entire fleet of aircrafts is *** the condition of assuring the same safety level,the CDPM is compared in terms of cost with two other maintenance policies：scheduled maintenance and threshold based ShM *** comparison results show CDPM could lead to significant cost savings.

关键词： Extended Kalman filter First-order perturbation method Model-based prognostic Predictive maintenance Structural airframe maintenance

Low-complexity online correction and calibration of pedestrian dead reckoning using map matching and GPS

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2019年第2期22卷 114-127,I0004页

作者： Fabian hölzke Johann-P.Wolff Frank Golatowski christian haubelt Institute of Applied Microelectronics and CE University of RostockRostockGermany

Dead Reckoning is a relative positioning scheme that is used to infer the change of position relative to a point of origin by measuring the traveled distance and orientation *** Dead Reckoning(PDR)applies this concept to walking *** method can be used to track someone's movement in a building after a known landmark like the building's entrance is ***,the movement of a foot and the corresponding direction change is measured and summed up,to infer the current *** and integrating the corresponding physical parameters,*** inertial sensors,introduces small errors that accumulate quickly into large distance *** of a buildings geography may reduce these errors as it can be used to keep the estimated position from moving through walls and onto likely *** this paper,we use building maps to improve localization based on a single foot-mounted inertial *** describe our localization method using zero velocity updates to accurately compute the length of individual steps and a Madgwick filter to determine the step *** though the computation of individual steps is quite accurate,small errors still accumulate in the long *** show how correction algorithms using likely and unlikely paths can rectify errors intrinsic to pedestrian dead reckoning tasks,such as orientation and displacement drift,and discuss restrictions and disadvantages of these *** also present a method of deriving the initial position and orientation from GPS *** verify our PDR correction methods analyzing the corrected and raw trajectories of six participants walking four routes of varying length and complexity through an office building,walking each route three *** quantitative results show an endpoint accuracy improvement of up to 60%when using likely paths and 23%when using unlikely ***,both approaches can also decrease accuracy in certain *** identify those scenarios and

关键词： Indoor localization Pedestrian Dead Reckoning(PDR) Inertial Navigation System(INS) map matching Zero Velocity Update(ZUPT)

Glucagon-like peptide-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide dual receptor agonist DA-Ch5 is superior to exendin-4 in protecting neurons in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat Parkinson model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1660-1670页

作者： Ling-Yu Zhang Qian-Qian Jin christian hölscher Lin Li Gerontology Institute Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Forensic Pathology Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Second HospitalShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi ProvinceChina Research and Experimental Center Henan University of Chinese MedicineZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina

Patients with Parkinson's disease(PD) have impaired insulin signaling in the brain. Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide(GIP), can re-sensitize insulin signaling. In a recent phase II clinical trial, the first GLP-1 mimic, exendin-4, has shown reliable curative effect in patients with PD. DA-Ch5 is a novel GLP-1/GIP receptor unimolecular coagonist with a novel peptide sequence added to cross the blood-brain barrier. here we showed that both exendin-4 and DA-Ch5 protected against 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OhDA) cytotoxicity, inhibited apoptosis, improved mitogenesis and induced autophagy flux in Sh-SY5Y cells via activation of the insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1)/alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(Akt)/c AMP response element-binding protein(CREB) pathway. We also found that DA-Ch5(10 nmol/kg) daily intraperitoneal administration for 30 days post-lesion alleviated motor dysfunction in rats and prevented stereotactic unilateral administration of 6-OhDA induced dopaminergic neurons loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta. however, DA-Ch5 showed curative effects in reducing the levels of α-synuclein and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines(tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β). It was also more effective than exendin-4 in inhibiting apoptotic process and protecting mitochondrial functions. In addition, insulin resistance was largely alleviated and the expression of autophagy-related proteins was upregulated in PD model rats after DA-Ch5 treatment. These results in this study indicate DA-Ch5 plays a therapeutic role in the 6-OhDAunilaterally lesioned PD rat model and is superior to GLP-1 analogue exendin-4. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi Medical University of China.

关键词： neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease insulin resistance inflammation GLP-1/GIP receptor unimolecular co-agonist

Photonic elementary cellular automata for simulation of complex phenomena

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第7期12卷 1309-1317页

作者： Gordon h.Y.Li christian R.Leefmans James Williams Alireza Marandi Department of Applied Physics California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA

Cellular automata are a class of computational models based on simple rules and algorithms that can simulate a wide range of complex ***,when using conventional computers,these'simple'rules are only encapsulated at the level of *** can be taken one step further by simplifying the underlying physical ***,we propose and implement a simple photonic hardware platform for simulating complex phenomena based on cellular *** this special-purpose computer,we experimentally demonstrate complex phenomena,including fractals,chaos,and solitons,which are typically associated with much more complex physical *** flexibility and programmability of our photonic computer present new opportunities to simulate and harness complexity for effcient,robust,and decentralized information processing using light.

关键词： hardware computer automata

Mental accounting and consumption of self-produced food

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第9期20卷 2569-2580页

作者： hUANG Jia-qi Gerrit ANTONIDES christian h.KUhLGATZ NIE Feng-ying Agricultural Information Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China Urban Economics Group Department of Social SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningen 6706 KNThe Netherlands Market Analysis Unit Federal Office for Agriculture FOAG3003 BernSwitzerland

This is an exploratory study on mental accounting and food budgeting of agricultural households,in which we assumed that agricultural households may have a mental account for consumption of their self-produced ***,they may reserve a certain quantity of self-produced food as a set budget for own consumption,implying that they may keep on consuming their own produce until they have consumed the quantity set for the mental *** making the mental accounting assumption,we hypothesized that the consumption of self-produced food is independent of market ***,we hypothesized that the consumption of self-produced food is increasing in the quantity of production if production is lower than the set budget,and independent of the quantity of production if production exceeds the set *** applying a double-log demand model and using survey data from six poor rural counties in China,we tested these hypotheses for five food items,which are rice,flour,potatoes,pork,and *** found that the hypothesis of no significant effect of price holds for flour,potatoes,and pork if production is lower than the set budget,and for rice,pork,and eggs if production is higher than the set *** has a significant positive effect on consumption of selfproduced food but with a much greater influence when production is lower than the set budget for all five food *** findings partly support our assumption of mental accounting of self-produced ***,policy implications,and possible future studies are discussed.

关键词： mental accounting food consumption self-produced food agricultural household

Two-photon emission from a superlattice-based superconducting light-emitting structure

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1331-1340页

作者： Shlomi Bouscher Dmitry Panna Ronen Jacovi Fauzia Jabeen christian Schneider Sven höfling Alex hayat Department of Electrical Engineering TechnionHaifa 32000Israel. Technische Physik Universität WürzburgAm HublandD-97074 WürzburgGermany. Institute of Physics Carl von Ossietzky Universität OldenburgD-26111 OldenburgGermany

Superconductor-semiconductor hybrid devices can bridge the gap between solid-state-based and photonics-based quantum systems,enabling new hybrid computing schemes,offering increased scalability and *** example for a hybrid device is the superconducting light-emitting diode(SLED).SLEDs have been theoretically shown to emit polarization-entangled photon pairs by utilizing radiative recombination of Cooper ***,the twophoton nature of the emission has not been shown experimentally *** demonstrate two-photon emission in a GaAs/AlGaAs *** electroluminescence spectra reveal unique two-photon superconducting features below the critical temperature(Tc),while temperature-dependent photon-pair correlation experiments(g(2)(τ,T))demonstrate temperature-dependent time coincidences below Tc between photons emitted from the *** results pave the way for compact and efficient superconducting quantum light sources and open new directions in light-matter interaction studies.

关键词： photon quantum utilizing

The role of the TNFα-mediated astrocyte signaling pathway in epilepsy

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Acta Epileptologica 2021年第1期3卷 163-171页

作者： Rui Chen Guofang Xue christian hölscher Shanxi Medical University Taiyuan 030001ShanxiChina Neurology Department The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina

Epilepsy is a common disease in the central nervous *** is growing evidence that epilepsy is associated with glial cells,including *** necrosis factorα(TNFα)is a“master regulator”of proinflammatory cytokine production and is secreted by microglia and ***αsecreted by microglia can activate ***,TNFαcan regulate neuron activity and induce epilepsy by increasing the glutamate release,reducing the expression ofγ-aminobutyric acid,inducing neuroinflammation and affecting the synaptic function in *** review summarizes the signaling pathways and receptors of TNFαacting on astrocytes that are related to epilepsy and provides insights into the potential therapeutic strategies of epilepsy for clinical practice.

关键词： Tumor necrosis factor alpha Astrocytes Inflammation Epilepsy