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Adiponectin,a key adipokine in obesity related liver diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第23期17卷 2801-2811页

作者： christa Buechler Josef Wanninger Markus Neumeier Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital of RegensburgD-93042 RegensburgGermany

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprising hepatic steatosis,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH),and progressive liver fibrosis is considered the most common liver disease in western *** liver is more prevalent in overweight than normal-weight people and liver fat positively correlates with hepatic insulin *** steatosis is regarded as a benign stage of NAFLD but may progress to NASH in a subgroup of *** liver biopsy no diagnostic tools to identify patients with NASH are available,and no effective treatment has been *** obesity is a main risk factor for NAFLD and inappropriate storage of triglycerides in adipocytes and higher concentrations of free fatty acids may add to increased hepatic lipid storage,insulin resistance,and progressive liver *** of the adipose tissue-derived proteins are elevated in obesity and may contribute to systemic inflammation and liver *** is highly abundant in human serum but its levels are reduced in obesity and are even lower in patients with hepatic steatosis or *** antagonizes excess lipid storage in the liver and protects from inflammation and *** review aims to give a short survey on NAFLD and the hepatoprotective effects of adiponectin.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Adiponectin Obesity Adipose tissue

Glucocorticoid receptor gene haplotype structure and steroid therapy outcome in IBD patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第31期16卷 3888-3896页

作者： Jessica Mwinyi christa Wenger Jyrki J Eloranta Gerd A Kullak-Ublick Division of clinical Pharmacology and Toxicol-ogy University Hospital Zurich

AIM: To study whether the glucocorticoid receptor (GR/ NR3c1) gene haplotypes influence the steroid therapy outcome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: We sequenced all coding exons and flanking intronic sequences of the NR3c1 gene in 181 IBD patients, determined the single nucleotide polymorphisms, and predicted the NR3c1 haplotypes. Furthermore, we investigated whether certain NR3c1 haplotypes are significantly associated with steroid therapy outcomes. RESULTS: We detected 13 NR3c1 variants, which led to the formation of 17 different haplotypes with a certainty of > 95% in 173 individuals. The three most commonly occurring haplotypes were included in the association analysis of the influence of haplotype on steroid therapy outcome or IBD activity. None of the NR3c1 haplotypes showed statistically signifi cant association with glucocorticoid therapy success. cONcLUSION: NR3c1 haplotypes are not related to steroid therapy outcome.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Steroid therapy Glucocorticoid receptor Pharmacogenetics Haplotype analysis

comparison of energy consumption and economic performance of organic and conventional soybean production——A case study from Jilin Province, china

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第8期14卷 1561-1572页

作者： ZHANG Li-wei Til Feike Jirko Holst christa Hoffmann Reiner Doluschitz Institute of Farm Management (410c) University of Hohenheim Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment Julius Kühn-Institut Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants

Modern agriculture heavily depends on energy consumption, especially fossil energy, but intensive energy input increases the production cost for producers and results in environmental *** agricultural production is considered a more sustainable system, but there is lack of scientific research on the energy consumption between organic and conventional systems in *** analysis and comparison of energy use between the two systems would help decision-makers to establish economic, effective and efficient agricultural ***, the objectives of the present study are to analyze energy inputs, outputs, energy efficiency, and economic benefits between organic and conventional soybean（Glycine max（L.） Merrill） production.A total of 24 organic farmers and 24 conventional farmers in Jilin Province, china, were chosen for investigation in 2010 production *** energy input was 71.55 GJ ha–1 and total energy output was 96.18 GJ ha–1 in the organic system, resulting in an energy efficiency（output/input） of *** energy input was 9.37 GJ ha–1 and total energy output was 113.4 GJ ha–1 in the conventional system, resulting in the energy efficiency of *** huge discrepancy in energy inputs and respective efficiencies lies in the several times higher nutrient inputs in the organic compared to the conventional production ***, the production costs ha–1 were 33% higher, and the net income ha–1 25% lower in the organic compared to the conventional soybean production *** is recommended to improve fertilizer management in organic production to improve its energetic and economic performance.

关键词： energy consumption fossil energy economic benefit organic agriculture soybean production Jilin Province china

Differentiation of periapical granulomas and cysts by using dental MRI: a pilot study

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第3期10卷 152-159页

作者： Alexander Juerchott Thorsten Pfefferle christa Flechtenmacher Johannes Mente Martin Bendszus Sabine Heiland Tim Hilgenfeld Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital Division of Endodontics and Dental Traumatology Department of Conservative Dentistry Heidelberg University Hospital Institute of Pathology Heidelberg University Hospital Division of Experimental Radiology Department of Neuroradiology Heidelberg University Hospital

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate whether periapical granulomas can be differentiated from periapical cysts in vivo by using dental magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Prior to apicoectomy, 11 patients with radiographically confirmed periapical lesions underwent dental MRI, including fat-saturated T2-weighted(T2 wFS) images, non-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images with and without fat saturation(T1 w/T1 wFS), and contrast-enhanced fat-saturated T1-weighted(T1 wFS+c) images. Two independent observers performed structured image analysis of MRI datasets twice. A total of 15 diagnostic MRI criteria were evaluated, and histopathological results(6 granulomas and 5 cysts) were compared with MRI characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using intraclass correlation coefficient(Icc), cohen’s kappa(κ), Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher’s exact test. Lesion identification and consecutive structured image analysis was possible on T2 wFS and T1 wFS+c MRI images. A high reproducibility was shown for MRI measurements of the maximum lesion diameter(intraobserver Icc = 0.996/0.998; interobserver Icc = 0.997), for the "peripheral rim" thickness(intraobserver Icc = 0.988/0.984; interobserver Icc = 0.970), and for all non-quantitative MRI criteria(intraobserver-κ = 0.990/0.995; interobserver-κ = 0.988). In accordance with histopathological results, six MRI criteria allowed for a clear differentiation between cysts and granulomas:(1) outer margin of lesion,(2) texture of "peripheral rim" in T1 wFS+c,(3)texture of "lesion center" in T2 wFS,(4) surrounding tissue involvement in T2 wFS,(5) surrounding tissue involvement in T1 wFS+c and(6) maximum "peripheral rim" thickness(all: P conclusion, this pilot study indicates that radiation-free dental MRI enables a reliable differentiation between periapical cysts and granulomas in vivo. Thus, MRI may substantially improve treatment strategies and help to avoid unnecessary surgery in apical periodontitis.

关键词： Differentiation of periapical granulomas and cysts by using dental MRI a pilot study

Early testing of insulin resistance: a tale of two lipid ratios in a group of 5th graders screened by the coronary Artery Risk Detection in Appalachian communities Project (cARDIAc Project)

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第4期15卷 398-404页

作者： charles Ituka Mosimah christa Lilly Awung-Njia Forbin Pamela J.Murray Lee Pyles Elloise Elliot William Neal West Virginia University MorgantownUSA University of Yaounde I YaoundeCameroon

Background In West Virginia (WV),47% of fifth-grade children are either overweight or *** is no clear consensus regarding the definition of insulin resistance in children,and directly measuring insulin on the population level is *** proposed measures examined further in this study include triglyceride (TRIG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio and TRIG/low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) *** purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between TRIG/HDL-c ratio,TRIG/LDL-c ratio and insulin resistance in fifth-graders with acanthosis nigricans (AN).Methods Between 2007 and 2016,52,545 fifth-grade students in WV were assessed for *** glucose and insulin levels were collected only for a sub-group of students who were AN-positive and was used to determine insulin resistance using the Homeostatic Model for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) *** analysis included t tests and logistic regression with receiver operating characteristic *** Of the students assessed for AN,4.5% (n =2360) tested *** prevalence of insulin resistance was 79% (n =814) among 1030 with AN and complete ***/HDL-c ratio and TRIG/LDL-c ratio were significantly associated with insulin resistance (TRIG/HDL-c:Est.=0.36,P c =0.68;TRIG/LDL-c:Est.=0.87,P c =0.69).Multivariate analysis showed that increased body mass index (Est.=0.05,P c ratio (Est.=0.21,P cantly associated with insulin *** TRIG/HDL-c is a better surrogate marker of insulin resistance in AN-positive children compared to TRIG/ LDL-c ratio;so,on a population-level,cholesterol rather than insulin may be obtained for preliminary testing of early insulin resistance in children.

关键词： Acanthosis nigricans cARDIAc Project High-density lipoprotein cholesterol Insulin resistance Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Effectiveness of seatbelts in mitigating traumatic brain injury severity

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第1期12卷 68-72页

作者： Latha Ganti Aakash NBodhit Yasamin Daneshvar Kelsey Hatchitt Sudeep Kuchibhotla christa Pulvino Sarah WAyala Keith RPeters Emergency Medicine and Neurology University of Central Florida College of MedicineOrlando 32827USA Department of Neurology Saint Louis UniversitySaint Louis 63103USA New York college of Podiatric Medicine New York 10035USA George Washington University Washington DC 20052USA Texas Heart Institute Houston 77030USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of CincinnatiCincinnati 45221USA Touro college of Osteopathic Medicine Vallejo 94592USA Department of Radiology University of FloridaGainesville 32610USA

INTRODUcTION Over the past few decades,traumatic brain injuries(TBIs)have become one of the leading causes of death and the leading cause of injury-related death in the USA.[1,2]It is estimated that 1.70 million people are subject to TBIs each year.[2]Males are more likely to sustain TBIs(59%);the most common age groups are 0–5 years,15–19 years,and>65 years.[2]Approximately 1.36 million people present to the emergency department(ED),275,000 are admitted to the hospital,and 52,000 people die from TBIs.[2]The leading causes of TBIs are falling(35.2%),motor vehicle collisions(MVcs,17.3%),struck by/against an object(16.5%),and assault(10.0%).[2]These statistics combine to make TBIs the leading cause of injury-related death in the USA at 30.5%.[2]It has been estimated that,with specifi c guidelines from the Brain Trauma Foundation,up to 50.0%of the 52,000 TBIrelated deaths may be prevented.[3]

关键词： admitted injuries traumatic

Serum omentin-1 is correlated with the severity of liver disease in patients with chronic hepatitis c

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第12期15卷 1315-1324页

作者： Georg Peschel Kilian Weigand Jonathan Grimm Martina Müller christa Buechler Department of Internal Medicine I University Hospital RegensburgRegensburg 93053Germany Department of Internal Medicine Klinikum FürstenfeldbruckFürstenfeldbruck 82256Germany Department of Gastroenterology Gemeinschaftsklinikum MittelrheinKoblenz 56073Germany

BAcKGROUND Patients with chronic hepatitis c virus(HcV)infection have increased serum ***-1 is an anti-inflammatory adipokine,and higher levels may be a direct effect of HcV *** elimination of HcV by direct acting antivirals almost normalized circulating levels of various molecules with a role in *** To evaluate the effect of HcV infection on serum omentin-1,serum omentin-1 levels of HcV patients were measured before therapy and at 12 wk after therapy *** of serum omentin-1 with parameters of inflammation and liver function were explored at both time *** omentin-1 levels of patients with and without liver cirrhosis,which was defined by ultrasound or the fibrosis-4(FIB-4)score,were *** Serum omentin-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 84 chronic HcV patients before therapy and at 12 wk after therapy end where sustained virological response 12(SVR12)was achieved in all *** omentin-1 of 14 non-infected controls was measured in *** In patients with chronic HcV,serum omentin-1 levels were not related to viral load or viral *** patients with liver steatosis and HcV patients with diabetes had serum omentin-1 levels comparable to patients not suffering from these *** omentin-1 levels at SVR12 were similar in comparison to pretreatment *** addition,serum levels did not differ between HcV-infected patients and non-infected *** omentin-1 levels did not correlate with leukocyte count or c-reactive *** correlations of serum omentin-1 with bilirubin and the model for end-stage liver disease score(MELD)were detected before therapy and at SVR12 in the whole *** and the MELD score also positively correlated with serum omentin-1 levels in the subgroup of patients with ultrasound diagnosed liver cirrhosis before *** SVR12,serum omentin-1 levels of patients with liver cirrhosis negativel

关键词： Direct acting antivirals Hepatitis c Liver cirrhosis Adipokine

climate, Deer and Hogs: Drivers of Rapid change in a Hickory-Dominated Maritime Forest on St. catherines Island

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Natural Resources 2015年第1期6卷 9-15页

作者： c. Ken Smith Elise Landreaux Hali Steinmann Royce Hayes Alastair Keith-Lucas christa Hayes Forestry and Geology Department University of the South Sewanee Tennessee USA St. catherines Island Foundation Midway Georgia USA

Maritime forests in the southeastern United States are very susceptible to climate change and have experienced dramatic reductions in extent following anthropogenic disturbances over the past two hundred years. St. catherines Island, Georgia, an undeveloped barrier island, is home to an unusual pignut hickory (carya glabra) maritime forest that is experiencing rapid rates of change, including a reduction in basal area from 23 m2·ha-1 in 1996 to 15 m2·ha-1 in 2014. Nine permanent forest plots and associated animal exclosures were installed across this 37 ha stand in 2012 to track forest change and seedling recruitment. From 2012 to 2014, declines in total basal area were caused by mortality of pignut hickory in the overstory and redbay (Persea borbonia) in the midstory. Pignut hickory continues to be ranked first in relative frequency, density and dominance, while Sabal palm (Sabal palmetto) is slightly increasing in relative density. In 2012, there were no woody species regenerating in any of the plots and following one year of animal exclosures, we found 478 pignut hickory seedlings ha-1;thus, deer browse and feral hog predation of nuts may be important drivers of change in this stand. The interplay among deer browse, exotic animal pressures, exotic insects and a drier climate has resulted in a very open forest with the regeneration of few woody plants. Without management of the feral hog and deer population, this unusual maritime forest, with trees as old as 250 years, may continue to decline.

关键词： Pignut Hickory Maritime Forest Deer Browse Barrier Island

Pooled Sputum for Xpert MTB/RIF Testing: A cost-Saving Strategy in Mwanza, Tanzania

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2023年第2期13卷 183-192页

作者： Shimba Henerico Richard V. Makapa Bernard c. Okamo Geoffrey Japhet Lisa Gerwing-Adima Benson R. Kidenya christa Kasang Bugando Medical centre Central Pathology Laboratory Mwanza Tanzania Division of Medical Virology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Stellenbosch Western Cape South Africa Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania The Germany TB and Leprosy Relief Association Wurzburg Germany Uganda catholic Medical Bureau Kampala Uganda

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics, such as Xpert MTB/RIF, is still limited by cost. Testing of pooled samples from presumptive TB patients has been thought as a cost-saving strategy to diagnose TB. We assessed the utility and cost-saving of pooled Xpert MTB/RIF testing strategy for the diagnosis of TB in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: Sputum samples from Presumptive TB patients were submitted to TB laboratory for routine diagnosis of TB using Xpert MTB/RIF. The TB results from the individual sputum samples were used as the reference standard and were concealed to the investigating laboratory technicians. The remainder of samples were collected serially and were pooled (5 samples per pool) for testing. The agreement of the results between individual sample testing against pooled sample testing and cost-savings was assessed. Results: A total of 250 sputum samples from presumptive TB patients were analyzed and 50 pools were made with each pool containing 5 samples. Of the 50 sputum pools made, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was detected in 17 (34.0%) pools. Results from the individual sputum samples MTB/RIF testing were retrieved for all 250 samples and there were 28 (11.2%) samples in which MTB was detected whereas 222 (88.8%) samples had no MTB detected. Following re-analysis of positive pools, all 28 (100%) individual positive MTB samples were detected within the 17 positive pools, with 1 to 3 individual MTB positive samples per pool. The individual sputum samples were correctly identified by pooled sputum on Xpert MTB/RIF testing, with the sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%. Using pooling of sputum samples strategy, we saved 46.0% (115/250) of the cartridges. conclusion: The pooled sputum testing strategy reduced cartridge costs by 46.0% and has the potential to increase the affordability of Xpert MTB/RIF testing in countries with limited resources, such as Tanzania.

关键词： Tuberculosis Pooled Sputum Xpert MTB/RIF cost-Saving Diagnostic Strategy Mwanza Tanzania