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Water-Extractable Carbon Pools and Microbial Biomass Carbon in Sodic Water-Irrigated Soils Amended with Gypsum and Organic Manures

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Pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 88-97页

作者： O.P.CHOUDHARY j.K.gill BIjAY-SINGH Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University School of Earth and Environment University of Western Australia

Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), a small fraction of soil organic matter, has a rapid turnover rate and is a reservoir of labile nutrients. The water-extractable carbon pools provide a fairly good estimate of labile C present in soil and can be easily quantified. Changes in soil MBC and water-extractable organic carbon pools were studied in a 14-year long-term experiment in plots of rice-wheat rotation irrigated with canal water (CW), sodic water (SW, 10-12.5 mmol c L-1 residual sodium carbonate), and SW amended with gypsum with or without application of organic amendments including farmyard manure (FYM), green manure (GM), and wheat straw (WS). Irrigation with SW increased soil exchangeable sodium percentage by more than 13 times compared to irrigation with CW. Sodic water irrigation significantly decreased hot water-extractable organic carbon (HWOC) from 330 to 286 mg kg-1 soil and cold water-extractable organic carbon (CWOC) from 53 to 22 mg kg-1 soil in the top 0-7.5 cm soil layer. In the lower soil layer (7.5-15 cm), reduction in HWOC was not significant. Application of gypsum alone resulted in a decrease in HWOC in the SW plots, whereas an increase was recorded in the SW plots with application of both gypsum and organic amendments in both the soil layers. Nevertheless, application of gypsum and organic amendments increased the mean CWOC as compared with application of gypsum alone. CWOC was significantly correlated with MBC but did not truly reflect the changes in MBC in the treatments with gypsum and organic amendments applied. For the treatments without organic amendments, HWOC was negatively correlated with MBC (r = 0.57*) in the 0-7.5 cm soil layer, whereas for the treatments with organic amendments, both were positively correlated. Irrigation with SW significantly reduced the rice yield by 3 t ha-1 and the yield of rice and wheat by 5 t ha-1 as compared to irrigation with canal water. Application of amendments significantly increased rice and wheat yields.

关键词： cold water exchangeable sodium percentage hot water organic carbon yield

Rethinking Enterprise Architecture for Sustainable Energy System Development

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journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2015年第3期13卷 212-220页

作者： jovita Vasauskaite Asif Qumer gill Kaunas University of Technology University of Technology Sydney

The development of a sustainable energy system throughout an enterprise is a complex task, which requires an agile holistic approach. Such an approach needs to include a variety of objectives including energy strategy formation and strategic decision-making, which are directly related to the analysis and management of the main areas of sustainable development： The economic, technological, environmental, and social. These multidimensional requirements of sustainability are often difficult to achieve within the enterprise, because these aspects are interrelated and influenced by various internal and external environment factors. This paper first reviews the main challenges for an energy system, and then demonstrates how a strategic agile enterprise architecture driven approach could effectively guide the sustainable energy system development. The study presented in this paper provides a holistic approach that contributes to the advancement and usage of literature dealing with issues of sustainable energy system development and agile enterprise architecture, which has not been discussed before to any great extent.

关键词： Development energy system,enterprise architecture industry sustainability.

Study of obliquely propagating electron acoustic shock waves with non-extensive electron population

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第1期21卷 29-35页

作者： Sona BANSAL Munish AGGARWAL Tarsem S gill Sikh National College Research Scholar I K Gujral Punjab Technical University Department of Applied Science Lyallpur Khalsa College of Engineering Department of Physics Guru Nanak Dev University

Obliquely propagating electron acoustic shock waves in magnetized plasma composed of stationary ions, cold and non-extensive hot electrons are investigated by deriving Korteweg–de Vries Burgers(KdVB) equation. The tangent hyperbolic method is used to solve the KdVB equation in dissipative medium. The dissipation effect is introduced in the model by means of kinematic viscosity term. The analytical calculations of the KdVB equation shows that the structures(amplitude, velocity and width) of the shock waves are modified significantly with kinematic viscosity(η_0), obliqueness(k_z) and magnetic field(ω_c). Since plasmas are ubiquitously permeated with magnetic field, it is pertinent to explore the characteristics of KdVB equation in a magnetized plasmas.

关键词： dissipative medium non-extensive electrons tangent hyperbolic method

Enabling silicon photoanodes for efficient solar water splitting by electroless-deposited nickel

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Nano Research 2018年第6期11卷 3499-3508页

作者： jiheng Zhao Thomas Mark gill Xiaolin Zheng Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford University Stanford 9430S USA

Enabling Si photoanodes for efficient solar water oxidation would facilitate the development of solar fuel conversion, but it is challenging owing to Si surface passivation via photo-induced corrosion in aqueous electrolytes. To overcome this challenge, most approaches have focused on improving the stability of Si by coating dense and thin protective layers using high vacuum-based techniques such as atomic layer deposition. However, these procedures are costly, making scalability for practical applications difficult. Herein, we report a modified electroless deposition （ELD） method to uniformly deposit protective and catalytic Ni films on Si wafers, resulting in efficient and stable Si photoanodes for solar water oxidation. The optimized Ni/n-Si photoanode achieves an onset potential of -1.09 V vs. a reversible hydrogen electrode and a saturation current density of -27.5 mA/cm^2 under AM 1.5 G illumination at pH 14. The ELD method is additionally capable of Ni deposition on a 4-inch n-Si wafer, demonstrating the first 4-inch Si photoanode. The solar water oxidation of the ELD-Ni/n-Si photoanode can be further improved by surface texturing, built-in n-p junctions, or coupling with more efficient catalysts.

关键词： Ni deposition electroless plating Si photoanode oxygen evolution reaction (OER) photoelectrochemical water splitting

Photophysical,optical,and photocatalytic hydrogen production properties of layered-type BaNb_(2-x)Ta_(x)P_(2)O_(11)(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,and 2.0)compounds

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第3期98卷 26-32页

作者： Min je Kang gill Sang Han In Sun Cho Department of Materials Science and Engineering Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea Department of Energy Systems Research Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea

Layered-type metal phosphates of BaNb_(2-x)Ta_(x)P_(2)O_(11)(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,and 2.0)were synthesized using a solid-state reaction *** photophysical,optical,and photocatalytic hydrogen production properties of the resulting powders were investigated for the first ***-pure and homogeneous powders with irregular morphologies were obtained at a calcination temperature of 1200℃.As the Ta content increased,the interlayer distance along the c-axis increased by up to 0.14%.Additionally,the optical bandgap values increased from 3.32 to 3.59 *** energy band positions were estimated from the Mott–Schottky ***_(2)P_(2)O_(11)(x=0)exhibited the lowest conduction band edge position(-0.14 V *** normal hydrogen electrode,NHE),which is located above the water reduction potential(0.0 V ***).In comparison,BaTa_(2)P_(2)O_(11)(x=2.0)exhibited the highest conduction band edge position(-0.29 V ***),comparable to that of TiO_(2).The photocatalytic activity for hydrogen produced from splitting water was measured under ultraviolet light ***,BaTa_(2)P_(2)O_(11)exhibited the highest activity(7.3μmol/h),which was 15 and 10 times larger than BaNb_(2)P_(2)O_(11)(0.5μmol/h)and nano-TiO_(2)(0.7μmol/h),*** activity of BaTa_(2)P_(2)O_(11)increased to 24.4μmol/h after deposition of the NiO_(x)co-catalyst(1 wt.%),which remained stable during continuous operation(~35 h).

关键词： BaNb_(2)P_(2)O_(11) BaTa_(2)P_(2)O_(11) Layered crystal structure Bandgap Band edge positions Photocatalytic hydrogen production

Predicting june Mean Rainfall in the Middle/Lower Yangtze River Basin

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第1期37卷 29-41页

作者： gill M.MARTIN Nick j.DUNSTONE Adam A.SCAIFE Philip E.BETT Met Office Exeter

We demonstrate that there is significant skill in the GloSea5 operational seasonal forecasting system for predicting june mean rainfall in the middle/lower Yangtze River basin up to four months in *** of the rainfall in this region during june is contributed by the mei-yu rain *** find that similar skill exists for predicting the East Asian summer monsoon index(EASMI)on monthly time scales,and that the latter could be used as a proxy to predict the regional ***,there appears to be little to be gained from using the predicted EASMI as a proxy for regional rainfall on monthly time scales compared with predicting the rainfall *** interannual variability of the june mean rainfall is affected by synoptic and intraseasonal variations,which may be inherently unpredictable on the seasonal forecasting time scale,the major influence of equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures from the preceding winter on the june mean rainfall is captured by the model through their influence on the western North Pacific subtropical *** ability to predict the june mean rainfall in the middle and lower Yangtze River basin at a lead time of up to 4 months suggests the potential for providing early information to contingency planners on the availability of water during the summer season.

关键词： forecast skill EASMI monthly mean rainfall East Asian summer monsoon Yangtze River basin

Campylobacterjejuni in Musca domestica： An examination of survival and transmission potential in light of the innate immune responses of the house flies

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 584-598页

作者： Carson gill Simon Bahrndorff Carl Lowenberger Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC Canada National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark

The house fly, Musca domestica, has been implicated as a vector of Campy- lobacter spp., a major cause of human disease. Little is known whether house flies serve as biological amplifying hosts or mechanical vectors for Campylobacterjejuni. We in- vestigated the period after C. jejuni had been ingested by house flies in which viable C. jejuni colonies could be isolated from whole bodies, the vomitus and the excreta of adult M. domestica and evaluated the activation of innate immune responses of house flies to ingested C. jejuni over time. C. jejuni could be cultured from infected houseflies soon after ingestion but no countable C. jejuni colonies were observed 〉 24 h postingestion. We detected viable C. jejuni in house fly vomitus and excreta up to 4 h after ingestion, but no viable bacteria were detected 〉 8 h. Suppression subtractive hybridization identi- fied pathogen-induced gene expression in the intestinal tracts of adult house flies 4-24 h after ingesting C. jejuni. We measured the expression of immune regulatory （thor, jNK, and spheroide） and effector （cecropin, diptericin, attacin, defensing, and lysozyme） genes in C. jejuni-infected and -uninfected house flies using quantitative real time PCR. Some house fly factor, or combination of factors, eliminates C. jejuni within 24 h postingestion. Because C. jejuni is not amplified within the body of the housefly, this insect likely serves as a mechanical vector rather than as a true biological, amplifying vector for C. jejuni, and adds to our understanding of insect pathogen interactions.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides Campylobacter spp. Campylobacteriosis house fly innate immunity Musca domestica suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) vector

The development of spatial decision support system tool for marine spatial planning

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International journal of Digital Earth 2018年第9期11卷 863-879页

作者： Dewayany Sutrisno Suzan Novtalia gill Suseno Suseno Center for Research Promotion and CooperationGeospatial Information Agency(BIG)CibinongIndonesia Center for Institutional Standardization of Geospastial Information Geospatial Information Agency(BIG)CibinongIndonesia Center for Management and Dissemination of Geospatial Information Geospatial Information Agency(BIG)CibinongIndonesia

A major problem associated with marine spatial planning(MSP)involves the difficult and time-consuming practice of creating a scenario that encompasses complex datasets in near real time via the use of a simple spatial analysis ***,decision-makers require a reliable,user-friendly system to quickly and accessibly acquire accurate spatial planning *** development of national spatial data infrastructure(NSDI),which links the spatial data of a nation’s many diverse institutions,may pave the way for the development of a tool that can better utilize spatial datasets,such as a spatial decision support system(SDSS).Thus,this project aimed to develop an SDSS for MSP and to evaluate the feasibility of its integration within the NSDI *** seaweed culture was selected as an example due to its economic and technological acceptance by traditional ***,a multicriteria analysis was used to develop the ***,a feasibility evaluation of its implementation within the NSDI framework was conducted based on the Delphi *** results of the assessment indicated that the SDSS can be incorporated into the NSDI framework by addressing the policy issue–one map policy,updating custodians’decree and data,and improve the standard and protocol.

关键词： Spatial data infrastructure spatial decision support system marine spatial planning seaweed culture

OPTICAL IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY OF SUPERFICIAL TISSUE

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journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第1期1卷 85-93页

作者： S.P.MORGAN I.M.STOCKFORD j.A.CROWE B.R.HAYES-gill School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG72RDUK

An overview of three techniques developed by our group for imaging superficial tissue is ***,a novel polarized light capillaroscope has been developed for imaging the *** capillaroscope has been used to make in vivo measurements of sickle cell disorder sufferers with aim of monitoring the polymerization of sickled red blood ***,hyperspectral imaging for measuring oxygen saturation is *** accuracy of such measurements is affected by the non-linear relationship between scattering and absorption and it is demonstrated that polarization techniques can be used to make the relationship more linear,thus improving ***,the use of smart CMOS optical sensors for laser Doppler blood flowmetry is described.A 32×32 pixel imaging array with on-chip processing is described and the potential for full field laser Doppler blood flow imaging is demonstrated through measurement on blood flow of tissue before and after occlusion.

关键词： capillaroscopy laser Doppler hyperspectral