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Effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils and protease on growth performance,antioxidation,inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 39-48页

作者： Xie Peng Qiang Zhou Cheng Wu Jian Zhao Quan Tan Ying He Liang Hu Zhengfeng Fang Yan Lin Shengyu Xu Bin Feng Jian Li Yong Zhuo chris van ginneken Xuemei Jiang De Wu Lianqiang Che Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China Novus International Trading(Shanghai)Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200080China College of Food Science Sichuan Agricultural UniversityYa'an 625014China Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology Department of Veterinary SciencesFaculty of PharmaceuticalBiomedical and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1Wilrijk 2610Belgium

This experiment evaluated the impacts of essential oils(EO)and protease(PRO),independently or in combination,on growth performance,antioxidation,inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs.One hundred and sixty weaned pigs(21 d of age,BW of 6.74±0.20 kg)were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 pigs per pen.Dietary treatments included the following:1)control diet(CON),2)CON with 300 mg/kg essential oils(EO),3)CON with 500 mg/kg protease(PRO),4)CON with 300 mg/kg essential oil and 500 mg/kg protease(EO + PRO).On d 8,one pig from each penwas selected for sampling.The remaining pigs were fed for an additional week and growth performance was monitored during this period.Dietary treatments had no marked effects(P>0.05)on the growth performance of pigs.However,pigs receiving EO diet had higher(P<0.05)serumglutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity,and tended to decrease(P=0.063)serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a).In addition,pigs receiving EO diet had higher(P<0.05)abundances of phylum Actinobacteria,and genera Bifidobacterium,and lower(P<0.05)phylum Bacteroidetes and genera Alloprevotella in colonic digesta.Pigs receiving PRO diet decreased(P<0.05)the serum concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA)and diamine oxidase activity,increased(P<0.05)the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum,increased sucrase activity in jejunal mucosa,and also increased the abundance of phylum Actinobacteria in colonic digesta.Furthermore,the synergistic effects of EO and PROwas observed(P<0.05)for pigs with decreasing serum TNF-a concentration and increasing serum GSH-Px activity.Collectively,the results indicated that dietary supplementation of EO and PRO had no significant effects on growth performance of weaned pigs.EO diet appeared to improve antioxidant activity and intestinal microbiota,while PRO diet improved intestinal morphology and digestive enzyme activity,and there was a synergistic effect of EO and PRO on reducing inflammatory parameters in weaned pigs

关键词： Essential oil Immune response Intestinal health Oxidative stress Protease Weaned pig

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Changes of the glutathione redox system during the weaning transition in piglets, in relation to small intestinal morphology and barrier function

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 993-1008页

作者： Jeroen Degroote Hans Vergauwen Wei Wang chris van ginneken Stefaan De Smet Joris Michiels Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality(LANUPRO) Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic EcologyFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityBlock FCampus CoupureCoupure Links 6539000 GhentBelgium Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology Department of Veterinary SciencesFaculty of BiomedicalPharmaceutical and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1WilrijkBelgium.

Background: Weaning is known to result in barrier dysfunction and villus atrophy in the immediate post-weaning phase, and the magnitude of these responses is hypothesized to correlate with changes in the glutathione(GSH)redox system. Therefore, these parameters were simultaneously measured throughout the weaning phase, in piglets differing in birth weight category and weaning age, as these pre-weaning factors are important determinants for the weaning transition. Low birth weight(LBW) and normal birth weight(NBW) littermates were assigned to one of three weaning treatments;i.e. weaning at 3 weeks of age(3 w), weaning at 4 weeks of age(4 w) and removal from the sow at 3 d of age and fed a milk replacer until weaning at 3 weeks of age(3 d3 w). For each of these treatments, six LBW and six NBW piglets were euthanized at 0, 2, 5, 12 or 28 d post-weaning piglets, adding up 180 piglets.Results: Weaning increased the glutathione peroxidase activity on d 5 post-weaning in plasma, and duodenal and jejunal mucosa. Small intestinal glutathione-S-transferase activity gradually increased until d 12 post-weaning, and this was combined with a progressive rise of mucosal GSH up till d 12 post-weaning. Oxidation of the GSH redox status(GSH/GSSG Eh) was only observed in the small intestinal mucosa of 3 d3 w weaned piglets at d 5 postweaning. These piglets also demonstrated increased fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran(FD4) and horseradish peroxidase fluxes in the duodenum and distal jejunum during the experiment, and specifically demonstrated increased FD4 fluxes at d 2 to d 5 post-weaning. On the other hand, profound villus atrophy was observed during the weaning transition for all weaning treatments. Finally, LBW and NBW piglets did not demonstrate notable differences in GSH redox status, small intestinal barrier function and histo-morphology throughout the experiment.Conclusion: Although moderate changes in the GSH redox system were observed upon weaning, the GSH redox status remained at a steady state level in 3 w and 4 w weane

关键词： Barrier function Glutathione Oxidative stress Redox status Small intestine Weaned piglet

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Artificial rearing influences the morphology,permeability and redox state of the gastrointestinal tract of low and normal birth weight piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 707-720页

作者： Hans Vergauwen Jeroen Degroote Sara Prims Wei Wang Erik Fransen Stefaan De Smet christophe Casteleyn Steven van Cruchten Joris Michiels chris van ginneken Laboratory of Applied Veterinary Morphology Department of Veterinary SciencesFaculty of BiomedicalPharmaceutical and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of AntwerpCampus Drie EikenUniversiteitsplein 1D.U0152610 WilrijkBelgium Department of Applied Biosciences Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityGhentBelgium Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality(LANUPRO) Department of Animal ProductionFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringGhent UniversityMelleBelgium StatUa Center for Statistics University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium

Background： In this study the physiological implications of artificial rearing were investigated. Low（LBW） and normal birth weight（NBW） piglets were compared as they might react differently to stressors caused by artificial rearing. In total, 42 pairs of LBW and NBW piglets from 16 litters suckled the sow until d19 of age or were artificially reared starting at d3 until d19 of age. Blood and tissue samples that were collected after euthanasia at 0, 3, 5, 8 and 19 d of age. Histology, ELISA, and Ussing chamber analysis were used to study proximal and distal small intestine histomorphology, proliferation, apoptosis, tight junction protein expression, and permeability. Furthermore, small intestine,liver and systemic redox parameters（GSH, GSSG, GSH-Px and MDA） were investigated using HPLC.Results： LBW and NBW artificially reared piglets weighed respectively 40 and 33% more than LBW and NBW sowreared piglets at d19（P 〈 0.01）. Transferring piglets to a nursery at d3 resulted in villus atrophy, increased intestinal FD-4 and HRP permeability and elevated GSSG/GSH ratio in the distal small intestine at d5（P 〈 0.05）. GSH concentrations in the proximal small intestine remained stable, while they decreased in the liver（P 〈 0.05）. From d5 until d19, villus width and crypt depth increased, whereas PCNA, caspase-3, occludin and claudin-3 protein expressions were reduced. GSH,GSSG and permeability recovered in artificially reared piglets（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion： The results suggest that artificial rearing altered the morphology, permeability and redox state without compromising piglet performance. The observed effects were not depending on birth weight.

关键词： Milk replacer Oxidative stress Small intestine Suckling period Tight junction proteins

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