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IMPLEMENTING LOW-TECH SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS IN ECO MODERN FLATS: A CONSTRUCTED RETROSPECTIVE

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Journal of Green Building 2013年第4期8卷 55-66页

作者： chris Baribeau Hannah Breshears Fayetteville Arkansas-based firmModus Studio Modus Studio

ECO Modern Flats is an award-winning rehabilitation of a 96-unit market rate apartment complex built between 1968 and 1972. Each of the project’s four buildings consists of three floors of eight one-bedroom apartments on a sloping site in central Fayetteville, Arkansas. The existing complex had great bones of precast concrete and split face block, but was drastically lacking in thermal comfort, air quality, and aesthetic appeal. The developer’s goals were to deliver a product not currently available in the local market-modern, urban, green multi-family rentals-and to save operations costs through energy- and water-saving updates. The architect saw an opportunity to re-imagine healthy interior space, creating open and light-filled studios by implementing low-tech sustainable solutions. The renovation completely overhauled the living systems of each unit and transformed the entire complex’s visual presence in the community. The new design provides connections to the re-integrated and re-imagined landscape of the site, elevating the greater community and local tenant experience by capturing a demographic that seeks modern design and sustainable living…previously unattainable in Northwest Arkansas. ECO has been fully leased with a waiting list since its completion in 2011, and its management team boasts that the only hindrance for prospective tenants is the one-bedroom lifestyle. ECO Modern Flats was the first multifamily development in the state to attain any level of LEED certification and the first project in Washington County to qualify for the LEED Platinum standard. Since its completion in 2011, ECO has transformed its previously dilapidated infill site into a thriving and remarkably conscious community. A 2012 AIA Merit Award winner and 2013 ULI Global Awards for Excellence finalist, the development has become an educational resource for students, conference attendees, storm water educators, and others interested in sustainable building.

关键词： renovation rehabilitation low-tech sustainable solution low-impact design strategy retrofit

RAINWATER MANAGEMENT TO MITIGATE THE EFFECTS OF DEVELOPMENT ON THE URBAN HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第1期2卷 37-52页

作者： Andrea Bradford chris Denich School of Engineering University of GuelphOntarioCanada

INTRODUCTION Traditional stormwater management approaches that rely on rapid conveyance and end-of-pipe detention have not adequately mitigated the effects of urbanization on water resources and the aquatic and human communities that rely upon ***-impact development techniques that can support a shift to management of the post-development hydrologic cycle and runoffvolumes offer better opportunities to prevent stream erosion and protect groundwater recharge,characteristics of the flow regime and water *** application and design of four techniques—porous pavement,bioretention cells,green roofs and rainwater harvesting—in the management of the post-development water balance are presented.

关键词： runoff groundwater storm

Large shift of the Pacific Walker Circulation across the Cenozoic

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National Science Review 2021年第5期8卷 48-56页

作者： Qing Yan Robert Korty Zhongshi Zhang chris Brierley Xiangyu Li Huijun Wang Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and Technology Department of Atmospheric Sciences Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station Department of Atmospheric Science School of Environmental StudiesChina University of Geosciences NORCE Research Climate Bjerknes Center for Climate Research Department of Geography University College London Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fluctuations in the Pacific Walker Circulation(PWC), a zonally oriented overturning cell across the tropical Pacific, can cause widespread climatic and biogeochemical perturbations. It remains unknown how the PWC developed during the Cenozoic era, with its substantial changes in greenhouse gases and continental positions. Through a suite of coupled model simulations on tectonic timescales, we demonstrate that the PWC was ～38?broader and ～5% more intense during the Early Eocene relative to present. As the climate cooled from the Early Eocene to the Late Miocene, the width of the PWC shrank, accompanied by an increase in intensity that was tied to the enhanced Pacific zonal temperature gradient. However, the locations of the western and eastern branches behave differently from the Early Eocene to the Late Miocene,with the western edge remaining steady with time due to the relatively stable geography of the western tropical Pacific; the eastern edge migrates westward with time as the South American continent moves northwest. A transition occurs in the PWC between the Late Miocene and Late Pliocene, manifested by an eastward shift(both the western and eastern edges migrate eastward by >12?) and weakening(by ～22%),which we show here is linked with the closure of the tropical seaways. Moreover, our results suggest that rising CO2favors a weaker PWC under the same land-sea configurations, a robust feature across the large spread of Cenozoic climates considered here, supporting a weakening of the PWC in a warmer future.

关键词： Pacific Walker Circulation Cenozoic era paleoclimate modeling

Attitude control of multi-spacecraft systems on SO(3)with stochastic links failure

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 320-331页

作者： KANG Zeyu SHEN Qiang WU Shufan chris J.DAMAREN MU Zhongcheng School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Aerospace Studies University of TorontoTorontoOntario M3H 5T6Canada

In this paper,for Multi-Spacecraft System(MSS)with a directed communication topology link and a static virtual leader,a controller is proposed to realize attitude consensus and attitude stabilization with stochastic links failure and actuator ***,an MSS attitude error model suitable for a directed topology link and with a static virtual leader based on SO(3)is derived,which considers that the attitude error on SO(3)cannot be defined based on algebraic ***,we design a controller to realize the MSS on SO(3)with attitude consensus and attitude stabilization under stochastic links failure and actuator ***,the simulation results of a multi-spacecraft system with stochastic links failure and a static virtual leader spacecraft are demonstrated to illustrate the efficiency of the attitude controller.

关键词： Multi-spacecraft systems Attitude consensus Attitude stabilization Stochastic links failure Super-martingale convergence

Subject-specific Finite Element Modelling of the Human Shoulder Complex Part 1:Model Construction and Quasi-static Abduction Simulation

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2020年第6期17卷 1224-1238页

作者： Manxu Zheng Zhihui Qian Zhenmin Zou chris Peach Mohammad Akrami Lei Ren School of Mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringUniversity of ManchesterManchesterM139PLUK Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong province School of Biomedical EngineeringSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Ministry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchun 130022China Shoulder and Elbow Unit The University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation TrustSouthmoor RoadWythenshaweManchester M239LTUK Department of Engineering College of EngineeringMathematicsand Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeter EX44QFUK

Human shoulder joints exhibit stable but highly active characteristics due to a large amount of soft *** Element(FE)modelling plays an important role in enhancing our understanding of the mechanism of shoulder ***,the previous FE shoulder models largely neglected the Three-Dimensional(3D)volume of soft tissues and their sophisticated interactions with the *** study develops a 3D model of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles and *** also includes cartilage and,for the first time,main ligaments around the joint to provide a better computational representation of the delicate interaction of the soft *** model has potential value for studying the force transfer mechanism and overall joint stability variation caused by 3D pathological changes of rotator cuff *** analysis systems and Magnetic Resonance(MR)scans were used to collect shoulder movement and geometric data from a young healthy subject,*** on MR images,a FE model with detailed representations of the musculoskeletal components was constructed.A multi-body model and the measured motion data were utilised to estimate the loading and boundary ***-static FE analyses simulated four instants of the measured scapular *** determined glenohumeral motion,stress/strain distribution in soft tissues,contact area,and mean/peak contact pressure were found to increase monotonically from 0°to 30°of *** results of muscle forces,bone-on-bone contact force,and superior-inferior movement of the humeral centre during motion were consistent with previous experimental and numerical *** is concluded that the constructed FE shoulder model can accurately estimate the biomechanics in the investigated range of motion and may be further used for the comprehensive study of shoulder musculoskeletal disorders.

关键词： shoulder complex biomechanics finite element glenohumeral joint subject-specific

Neural Network aided PMSM multi-objective design and optimization for more-electric aircraft applications

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第10期35卷 233-246页

作者： Yuan GAO Tao YANG Serhiy BOZHKO Pat WHEELER Tomislav DRAGICEVIC chris GERADA Power Electronics Machines and Control GroupUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Department of Electrical Engineering Technical University of DenmarkKgs.Lyngby 2800Denmark

This study uses the Neural Network(NN)technique to optimize design of surfacemounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors(PMSMs)for More-Electric Aircraft(MEA)*** key role of NN is to provide dedicated correction factors for the analytical PMSM mass and loss estimation within the entire design *** on that,a globally optimal design can be quickly *** the analytical estimation with Finite-Element Analysis(FEA)is the main research target of training the *** analytical formulae serve as the basis of this study,but they are prone to loss accuracy(especially for a large design space)due to their assumptions and *** the help of the trained NNs,the analytical motor model can give an estimation as accurate as the FEA but with super less time during the optimization *** Average Correction Factor(ACF)approach is regarded as the comparison method to demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed NN ***,a NN aided three-stage-sevenstep optimization methodology is ***,a Pole-10-Slot-12 PMSM case study is given to demonstrate the feasibility and gain of the NN aided multi-objective optimization *** this case,the NN aided analytical model can generate one motor design in 0.04 s while it takes more than 1 min for the used FEA model.

关键词： Design and optimization Loss estimation Mean Length per Turn(MLT) More-Electric Aircraft(MEA) Neural Network(NN) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM)

Piezoelectric Materials for Controlling Electro-Chemical Processes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2020年第11期12卷 51-89页

作者： Weiqi Qian Weiyou Yang Yan Zhang chris R.Bowen Ya Yang CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‑nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083People’s Republic of China Institute of Materials Ningbo University of TechnologyNingbo 315211People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBath BA27AKUK School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004People’s Republic of China

Piezoelectric materials have been analyzed for over 100 years,due to their ability to convert mechanical vibrations into electric charge or electric fields into a mechanical strain for sensor,energy harvesting,and actuator applications.A more recent development is the coupling of piezoelectricity and electro-chemistry,termed piezo-electro-chemistry,whereby the piezoelectrically induced electric charge or voltage under a mechanical stress can influence electro-chemical *** is growing interest in such coupled systems,with a corresponding growth in the number of associated publications and *** review focuses on recent development of the piezo-electro-chemical coupling multiple systems based on various piezoelectric *** provides an overview of the basic characteristics of piezoelectric materials and comparison of operating conditions and their overall electro-chemical *** reported piezo-electro-chemical mechanisms are examined in *** are made between the ranges of material morphologies employed,and typical operating conditions are *** addition,potential future directions and applications for the development of piezo-electro-chemical hybrid systems are *** review provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies on how piezoelectric materials and devices have been applied to control electro-chemical processes,with an aim to inspire and direct future efforts in this emerging research field.

关键词： Piezoelectric materials Piezoelectric effect Electro-chemistry Piezo-electro-chemistry

Surrogate role of machine learning in motor-drive optimization for more-electric aircraft applications

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第2期36卷 213-228页

作者： Yuan GAO Benjamin CHEONG Serhiy BOZHKO Pat WHEELER chris GERADA Tao YANG Power Electronics Machines and Control GroupUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG 72RDUK School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore

Motor drives form an essential part of the electric compressors,pumps,braking and actuation systems in the More-Electric Aircraft(MEA).In this paper,the application of Machine Learning(ML)in motor-drive design and optimization process is *** general idea of using ML is to train surrogate models for the *** training process is based on sample data collected from detailed simulation or experiment of motor ***,the Surrogate Role(SR)of ML may vary for different *** paper first introduces the principles of ML and then proposes two SRs(direct mapping approach and correction approach)of the ML in a motor-drive optimization *** different cases are given for the method comparison and validation of ML *** first case is using the sample data from experiments to train the ML surrogate *** the second case,the joint-simulation data is utilized for a multi-objective motor-drive optimization *** is found that both surrogate roles of ML can provide a good mapping model for the cases and in the second case,three feasible design schemes of ML are proposed and validated for the two *** the time consumption in optimizaiton,the proposed ML models can give one motor-drive design point up to 0.044 s while it takes more than 1.5 mins for the used simulation-based models.

关键词： Artificial Neural Network(ANN) Design and Optimization Machine Learning(ML) More-Electric Aircraft(MEA) Motor drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM) Search Algorithm Surrogate Algorithm

Universal insertion of molecules in ionic compounds under pressure

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 120-128页

作者： Feng Peng Yanming Ma chris J.Pickard Hanyu Liu Maosheng Miao College of Physics and Electronic Information Luoyang Normal University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Northridge State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials & Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods and Software of Ministry of Education College of Physics Jilin University International Center of Future Science Jilin University Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy University of Cambridge Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Department of Earth Science University of California Santa Barbara

Using first-principles calculations and crystal structure search methods, we found that many covalently bonded molecules such as H2, N2, CO2, NH3, H2O and CH4may react with NaC l, a prototype ionic solid,and form stable compounds under pressure while retaining their molecular structure. These molecules,despite whether they are homonuclear or heteronuclear, polar or non-polar, small or large, do not show strong chemical interactions with surrounding Na and Cl ions. In contrast, the most stable molecule among all examples, N2, is found to transform into cyclo-N5-anions while reacting with NaC l under high pressures. It provides a new route to synthesize pentazolates, which are promising green energy materials with high energy density. Our work demonstrates a unique and universal hybridization propensity of covalently bonded molecules and solid compounds under pressure. This surprising miscibility suggests possible mixing regions between the molecular and rock layers in the interiors of large planets.

关键词： molecule-solid hybrid materials high-pressure crystal structure prediction density functional theory planet interior