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Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.Stephen chris r.burke Jennie E.Pryce Nicole M.Steele Peter r.Amer Susanne Meier Claire V.C.Phyn Dorian J.Garrick DairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture Victoria research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure *** include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or *** measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example *** We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three *** methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation *** Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(EBVs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to *** estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring *** Our results indicate that using

关键词： Cattle Gibbs sampler Markov-chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) Puberty

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Effect of Supplemental Sericea Lespedeza Pellets on Internal Parasite Infection and Nutritional Status of Grazing Goats

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2017年第5期7卷 334-344页

作者： Tiffani Hamilton Thomas Tenill Dill Sandeep Kommuru: Aqiyla rivers Jorge Mosjidis James Miller chris Drake Irene Mueller-Harvey Joan burke Agricultural research Station Fort Valley State University Fort Valley GA 31030 USA Department of Agronomy and Soils Auburn University Auburn AL 36849 USA Department of Pathobiological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA 70803 USA School of Agriculture Policy and Development University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UK United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Booneville AR 72927 USA

Feeding pelleted sericea lespedeza （SL; Lespedeza cuneata） on pasture can reduce gastrointestinal nematode （GIN） and coccidia （Eimeria spp.） infection in sheep and goats, but effects on nutritional status are unclear. Therefore, a study was completed comparing yearling goats grazing grass pasture supplemented with SL or non-condensed tannins （CT） commercial pellets （control group）, respectively, at 1.5% of body weight for 14 weeks, and then after 14 weeks, they were only fed with non-CT pellets at 2.5% of body weight for additional six weeks. Animal body weight was measured at the start of the trial, the 7th week, 14th week and end of the trial. Fecal samples were taken weekly to determine GIN egg output （fecal egg count; FEC） and coccidial oocyst production （fecal oocyst count; FOC）. Blood samples （to determine packed cell volume; PCV） were taken weekly to monitor anemia status of the goats, and on days 0, 98 and 137 to determine aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and creatine kinase （CK）. The study revealed that supplemental SL leaf meal pellets had no effect on FEC, but reduced FOC （P 〈 0.05） and improved FAMACHA~ scores （P 〈 0.001） in the goats, and the SL supplemented goats tended to gain more weight （P = 0.07） than control animals during the first 49 d, following initiation of pellet feeding. There were no treatment effects on enzymes related to liver function or muscle turnover （AST, ALT and CK）, suggesting that there was no muscle damage due to long-term feeding of SL pellets. In conclusion, feeding supplemental SL pellets at 1.5% of body weight on pasture may be a viable strategy for improving health and productivity of yearling goats.

关键词： Coccidia gastrointestinal nematodes goats micronutrient sericea lespedeza.

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假如死神突然降临…… 各国如何避免群体性集会灾难

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环球人文地理 2015年第3期 46-53页

作者：屈浩然 Gary burke chris Chabot Konrad 《环球人文地理》编辑部

2014年12月31日晚,当所有的人都为跨年夜而欢庆时,上海外滩发生的踩踏事故却为原本欢乐的元旦假期蒙上阴霾。回首望去,其实踩踏事故在过去的十多年中频频发生,在世界范围内,如何预防踩踏都是一个难题,当所有的人都在抨击体制、追究责任... 详细信息

2014年12月31日晚,当所有的人都为跨年夜而欢庆时,上海外滩发生的踩踏事故却为原本欢乐的元旦假期蒙上阴霾。回首望去,其实踩踏事故在过去的十多年中频频发生,在世界范围内,如何预防踩踏都是一个难题,当所有的人都在抨击体制、追究责任时,本刊编辑部总结了世界范围内的多个例子以及防范措施,我们的目的只有一个:让所有的读者明白,面对踩踏,我们该怎么做。

关键词：踩踏事故群体性上海外滩时报广场

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