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A review of electrolyte additives and impurities in vanadium redox flow batteries

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第5期27卷 1269-1291页

作者： Liuyue Cao Maria Skyllas-Kazacos chris menictas Jens Noack School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Sydney 2052 NSW. Australia School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia CENELESE German-Australian Alliance for Electrochemical Technologies for Storage of Renewable Energy School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Fraunhofer-Institute for Chemical Technology Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7. 76327 Pfinztal Germany

As one of the most important components of the vanadium redox flow battery （VRFB）, the electrolyte can impose a significant impact on cell properties, performance and capital cost. In particular, the electrolyte composition will influence energy density, operating temperature range and the practical applications of the VRFB. Various approaches to increase the energy density and operating temperature range have been proposed. The presence of electrolyte impurities, or the addition of a small amount of other chemical species into the vanadium solution can alter the stability of the electrolyte and influence cell perfor- mance, operating temperature range, energy density, electrochemical kinetics and cost effectiveness. This review provides a detailed overview of research on electrolyte additives including stabilizing agents, im- mobilizing agents, kinetic enhancers, as well as electrolyte impurities and chemical reductants that can be used for different purposes in the VRFBs.

关键词： Vanadium redox flow battery Electrolyte additive Precipitation inhibitor Stabilizing agent Kinetic enhancer Impurity Immobilizing agents Reducing agent

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The influence of electrochemical treatment on electrode reactions for vanadium redox-flow batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第5期27卷 1341-1352页

作者： Jens Noack Nataliya RoznYatovskaya Jessica Kunzendorf Maria Skyllas-Kazacos chris menictas Jens Tubke German-Australian Alliance for Electrochemical Technologies for Storage of Renewable Energy (CENELEST) Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Fraunhofer-Institute for Chemical Technology Applied Electrochemistry Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7 76327 Pfinztal Germany Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of New South Wales (UNSW) UNSW Sydney NSW 2052 Australia

Through targeted and reproducible electrochemical treatment of glassy carbon electrodes, investigations have been carried out on the electrochemical behaviour of the oxidation of V2＋, VO2＋ and the reductions of VO2＋, VO2＋ and V3＋ in order to pretreat electrodes specifically for use in vanadium redox flow batter- ies and, if possible, to treat them in situ. For this purpose, a glassy carbon electrode was treated poten- tiostatically for a period of 30 s at different potentials in the range of 500 mV-2000 mV vs. Hg/Hg_2SO_4 in 2 M H_2SO_4 and then linear sweep voltammograms were performed in the different vanadium-containing solutions. With this method, it could be shown that all reactions are extremely surface sensitive and the reaction speeds changed by several decades. The reaction rates increased significantly in all reac- tions compared to polished electrodes and had an optimum treatment potential of approx. 1600 mV vs. Hg/Hg_2SO_4, although the oxidation reaction of V2＋ and the reduction reactions of V3＋ and VO2＋ had opposite tendencies to oxidation of VO2＋ and the reduction of VO2＋ in the area of low treatment po- tentials. In the former, the kinetics increased and in the latter, they decreased. In addition, causes were investigated using confocal microscopy and XPS. No correlation was found to the roughness or size of the stretched surfaces, although these changed significantly as a result of the treatment. XPS measure- ments gave indications of a dependence on hydroxyl groups for the oxidation of VO2＋ and the reduction of VO2＋, while for the reactions of oxygen-free cations and the reduction of VO2＋ weak indications of a dependence on carboxyl groups were obtained.

关键词： Vanadium Battery Voltammetry Treatment Electrodes Surface Groups Kinetics

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