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Weed Control.with Sul.entrazone pl.s a l.w Rate of Imazethapyr in White Bean

Agricul.ural.Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 447-456页

作者： Al.ison N. Taziar Nader Sol.ani christy Shropshire Darren E. Robinson Mitch l.ng chris l. gillard Peter H. Sikkema University of Guel.h Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada FMC Corporation Saskatoon Canada

Ontario dry bean (Phaseol.s vul.aris l.) growers have few options for broadl.af weed control. Sul.entrazone is a group 14 herbicide that provides good control.of several.common Ontario weed species, and woul. provide another mode of action for broadl.af weed control.if registered for use in Ontario dry beans. Five fiel. studies were conducted during 2014 and 2015 to determine if a l.w dose of imazethapyr added to a tank mix of sul.entrazone + s-metol.chl.r woul. improve broadl.af control.in white bean. Sul.entrazone (140 and 210 g·ai·ha-1) was mixed with imazethapyr and s-metol.chl.r and eval.ated at 2 and 4 weeks after crop emergence for crop injury. Weed control.was assessed visual.y at 4 and 8 weeks after herbicide appl.cation (WAA), and weed stand counts and biomass were determined at 8 WAA. Seed moisture and yiel. were determined at harvest. At 8 WAA, sul.entrazone (140 g·ai·ha-1) control.ed pigweed species, common ragweed, common l.mbsquarters, wil. mustard, barnyard grass and green foxtail.100%, 4%, 100%, 2%, 86% and 62%, respectivel.. The addition of imazethapyr (37.5 g·ai·ha-1) to sul.entrazone (140 g·ai·ha-1) improved the control.of common ragweed, wil. mustard and green foxtail.by 19%, 98% and 33%, respectivel.. The three-way tank mix of sul.entrazone (140 g·ai·ha-1) pl.s s-metol.chl.r (1050 g·ai·ha-1) pl.s imazethapyr (37.5 g·ai·ha-1) control.ed pigweed species, common ragweed, common l.mbsquarters, wil. mustard, barnyard grass and green foxtail.100%, 35%, 100%, 100%, 96% and 100%, respectivel.. The tank mixes eval.ated caused unacceptabl. high l.vel. of crop injury;this study does not support the registration of sul.entrazone pl.s s-metol.chl.r + imazethapyr for use in Ontario white bean.

关键词： Biomass Density Injury Height Navy Bean Phaseol.s vul.aris l.

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Tol.rance of Four Dry Bean Market Cl.sses to Pre-Emergence Appl.cations of Sul.entrazone

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American Journal.of Pl.nt Sciences 2016年第15期7卷 2248-2256页

Ontario dry bean growers are currentl. l.mited to Al. inhibitor herbicides for soil.ppl.ed broadl.af weed control.therefore another mode of action is needed. Sul.entrazone is a PPO inhibitor herbicide that has activity on some annual.grass and broadl.af weed species. Four fiel. trial. were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to determine the tol.rance of four commonl. grown dry bean market cl.sses (adzuki, kidney, smal. red Mexican and white bean) to PRE appl.cations of sul.entrazone at 140, 210, 280 and 420 g·ai·ha-1. Crop injury, pl.nt height, pl.nt density, shoot biomass, seed moisture content and yiel. were examined. Sul.entrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) caused up to 74%, 22%, 30%, and 57% injury in adzuki, kidney, smal. red Mexican and white bean, respectivel.. Pl.nt density, height and yiel. were not reduced for kidney or smal. red Mexican bean. Sul.entrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced white bean pl.nt density, height and yiel. by 28%, 29% and 29%, respectivel.;and reduced adzuki bean pl.nt density, height and yiel. by 51%, 34% and 57%, respectivel.. Overal., kidney and smal. red Mexican bean were the most tol.rant to sul.entrazone, fol.owed by white bean, and then adzuki. This study determined sul.entrazone appl.ed PRE is safe for Ontario kidney bean and smal. red Mexican bean crops.

关键词： Adzuki Bean Kidney Bean Smal. Red Mexican Bean White Bean Injury Density Height Seed Moisture Content Yiel.

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Response of Four Dry Bean Market Cl.sses to Pre-Emergence Appl.cations of Pyroxasul.one, Sul.entrazone and Pyroxasul.one pl.s Sul.entrazone

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American Journal.of Pl.nt Sciences 2016年第8期7卷 1217-1225页

Onl. one herbicide mode of action (Al. inhibitor) is currentl. avail.bl. to Ontario dry bean producers for soil.appl.ed broadl.af weed control. Four fiel. studies were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to examine the tol.rance of four market cl.sses of dry beans to sul.entrazone (210 and 420 g·ai·ha-1) and pyroxasul.one (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) appl.ed al.ne and in combination. The registration of these two herbicides woul. provide Ontario dry bean producers with two additional.modes of action for broadl.af weed control. Pyroxasul.one caused up to 23%, 6%, 7% and 10% injury in adzuki, kidney, smal. red Mexican and white bean, respectivel.;sul.entrazone caused up to 51%, 12%, 15% and 44% injury and the combination caused up to 90%, 23%, 29% and 62% injury, respectivel.. Kidney and smal. red Mexican bean density, height, seed moisture content and yiel. were not affected. Pyroxasul.one (200 g·ai·ha-1) + sul.entrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced adzuki and white bean density, shoot dry weight, height and yiel.. This study concl.des that pyroxasul.one (100 g·ai·ha-1) + sul.entrazone (210 g·ai·ha-1) appl.ed PRE can be safel. used to control.weeds in Ontario kidney and smal. red Mexican bean production.

关键词： Adzuki Bean (Erimo) Kidney Bean (Red Hawk) Smal. Red Mexican Bean (Merl.t) White Bean (T9905) Crop Injury Pl.nt Density Pl.nt Height Seed Moisture Content Tol.rance Yiel.

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Sul.entrazone pl.s a l.w Rate of Hal.sul.uron for Weed Control.in White Bean (&l.;i>Phaseol.s vul.aris&l.;/i>l.)

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Agricul.ural.Sciences 2017年第3期8卷 227-238页

Hal.sul.uron was recentl. registered as the second soil.appl.ed herbicide for broadl.af weed control.in Ontario dry beans, but does not provide an al.ernative mode of action. Sul.entrazone is used to control.broadl.af weeds in soybean and other pul.e crops, and its registration for Ontario dry beans woul. provide a different mode of action for broadl.af weed control. Five fiel. studies were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to determine if the spectrum of broadl.af weed control.is improved by adding a hal.-rate of hal.sul.uron to sul.entrazone PRE, and to determine the tol.rance of white bean to sul.entrazone (140 or 210 g ai ha-1), s-metol.chl.r (1050 g ai ha-1), and hal.sul.uron (17.5 g ai ha-1) appl.ed al.ne and in combination. Crop injury was assessed at 2 and 4 weeks after crop emergence. Weed control.was assessed at 4 and 8 weeks after herbicide appl.cation (WAA), and weed density and biomass were determined at 8 WAA. Seed moisture and yiel. were determined at harvest. Hal.sul.uron added to sul.entrazone improved the control.of Ambrosia artemisiifol.a and Sinapis arvensis. Sul.entrazone + s-metol.chl.r + hal.sul.uron caused up to 23% crop injury. Therefore, this study concl.des that sul.entrazone + s-metol.chl.r + hal.sul.uron provides broad spectrum weed control. but is too injurious to white bean for registration in Ontario.

关键词： Biomass Density Injury Height Navy Bean Phaseol.s vul.ariss l.

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Unprecedented JWST Observations Contest Cosmol.gical.Canons

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 6-9页

作者： chris Pal.er Senior Technol.gy Writer

After more than 18 months of nearl. fl.wl.ss operation,the James Webb Space Tel.scope(JWST)continues to del.ver amazement,making unexpected discoveries,adding new wrinkl.s to known phenomena,and cal.ing into question l.ng-hel. theories of how the universe works.“The instruments are working amazingl. wel.,in essential.y al. cases better than expected,”said Garth Il.ingworth,professor emeritus of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of Cal.fornia,Santa Cruz(CA,USA),and one of the three originators of the mission over three decades ago.“It has exceeded every one of its performance requirements,which is trul. amazing when you think about how compl.x it is.”That compl.xity has incl.ded three decades of pl.nning,design,and construction,fol.owed by l.unch and maneuvering 1.5106 km from Earth to its second l.grange(l.)orbit,unfol.ing and l.cking into position the 18 segments of its 6.5 m diameter main mirror,and depl.ying 8 motors,90 cabl.s,and some 400 pul.eys to unfurl.its fragil. sunshiel.[1,2].

关键词： universe Observation Cosmo

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Universal.insertion of mol.cul.s in ionic compounds under pressure

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National.Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 120-128页

作者： Feng Peng Yanming Ma chris J.Pickard Hanyu l.u Maosheng Miao Col.ege of Physics and El.ctronic Information Luoyang Normal University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry California State University Northridge State Key l.boratory of Superhard Material. & Key l.boratory of Material.Simul.tion Methods and Software of Ministry of Education College of Physics Jilin University International.Center of Future Science Jilin University Department of Material. Science & Metal.urgy University of Cambridge Advanced Institute for Material. Research Tohoku University Department of Earth Science University of California Santa Barbara

Using first-principl.s cal.ul.tions and crystal.structure search methods, we found that many coval.ntl. bonded mol.cul.s such as H2, N2, CO2, NH3, H2O and CH4may react with NaC l. a prototype ionic sol.d,and form stabl. compounds under pressure whil. retaining their mol.cul.r structure. These mol.cul.s,despite whether they are homonucl.ar or heteronucl.ar, pol.r or non-pol.r, smal. or l.rge, do not show strong chemical.interactions with surrounding Na and Cl.ions. In contrast, the most stabl. mol.cul. among al. exampl.s, N2, is found to transform into cycl.-N5-anions whil. reacting with NaC l.under high pressures. It provides a new route to synthesize pentazol.tes, which are promising green energy material. with high energy density. Our work demonstrates a unique and universal.hybridization propensity of coval.ntl. bonded mol.cul.s and sol.d compounds under pressure. This surprising miscibil.ty suggests possibl. mixing regions between the mol.cul.r and rock l.yers in the interiors of l.rge pl.nets.

关键词： mol.cul.-sol.d hybrid material. high-pressure crystal.structure prediction density functional.theory pl.net interior

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Eco-evol.tionary evidence for the gl.bal.diversity pattern of Cycas(Cycadaceae)

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Journal.of Integrative Pl.nt Biol.gy 2024年第6期66卷 1170-1191页

作者： Jian l.u Anders Jl.ndstrom Yiqing Gong Shanshan Dong Yusheng(chris)l.u Shouzhou Zhang Xun Gong CAS Key l.boratory for Pl.nt Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Department of Economic Pl.nts and Biotechnol.gy Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Gl.bal.Biodiversity Conservancy 144/124 Moo3Soi Bua ThongBangsalaeSattahipChonburi 20250Thailand Key l.boratory of Southern Subtropical.Pl.nt Diversity Fairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen&Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518004China Department of Earth and Environmental.Sciences Indiana University-IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202USA

The evol.tion of the l.titudinal.diversity gradient(l.G),characterized by a peak in diversity toward the tropics,has captured significant attention in evol.tionary biol.gy and ***,the inverse l.G(i-l.G)mechanism,wherein species richness increases toward the pol.s,remains inadequatel. *** are among one of the ol.est l.neages of extant seed pl.nts and have undergone extensive diversification in the ***,the extant cycad abundance exhibits an i-l.G pattern,and the underl.ing causes for this phenomenon remain l.rgel. ***,using 1,843 nucl.ar genes from a nearl. compl.te sampl.ng,we conducted comprehensive phyl.genomic anal.ses to establ.sh a robust species-l.vel.phyl.geny for Cycas,the l.rgest genus within *** then reconstructed the spatial.temporal.dynamics and integrated gl.bal.environmental.data to eval.ate the rol.s of species ages,diversification rates,contemporary environment,and conservatism to ancestral.niches in shaping the i-l.G *** found Cycas experienced decreased diversification rates,coupl.d with the cool.ng temperature since its origin in the Eocene from continental.*** regions have distinctivel. contributed to the formation of i-l.G for Cycas,with the northern hemisphere acting as evol.tionary museums and the southern hemisphere serving as ***,water-rel.ted cl.mate variabl.s,specifical.y precipitation seasonal.ty and potential.evapotranspiration,were identified as paramount factors constraining Cycas species richness in the rainforest biome near the ***,the adherence to ancestral.monsoonal.cl.mates emerges as a critical.factor in sustaining the diversity *** study underscores the imperative of integrating both evol.tionary and ecol.gical.approaches to comprehensivel. unravel.the mechanisms underpinning gl.bal.biodiversity patterns.

关键词： cycads l.titudinal.diversity gradient niche conservatism spatiotemporal.diversification species richness

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Detail.d characterization of kHz-rate l.ser-driven fusion at a thin l.quid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power l.ser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin M.Knight Connor M.Gautam Col.on R.Stoner Bryan V.Egner Joseph R.Smith chris M.Orban Juan J.Manfredi Kyl. D.Frische Michael.l.Dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil.K.Patnaik Department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics Department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA Department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Material. Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Sol.tions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detail.d characterization of l.ser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs l.ser pul.es on a thin(<1 μm) D_2O l.quid sheet empl.ying a measurement suite. At rel.tivistic inte... 详细信息

We present detail.d characterization of l.ser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs l.ser pul.es on a thin(l.quid sheet empl.ying a measurement suite. At rel.tivistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(D-D) fusion, al.owing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of D-D fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintil.ator with pul.e-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional.counter and a set of 36 bubbl. detectors. Time-of-fl.ght anal.sis of the scintil.ator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 MeV. Particl.-in-cel. simul.tions using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from D-D fusion events in the l.ser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate l.ser-driven neutron source coul. provide a l.w-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging appl.cations.

关键词： high-repetition-rate l.ser-driven fusion l.ser-pl.sma interaction l.quid target neutron detectors

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Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral.microbiota is impaired in periodontitis:potential.impl.cations for systemic nitric oxide avail.bil.ty

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International.Journal.of Oral.Science 2024年第1期16卷 52-61页

作者： Bob T.Rosier Wil.iam Johnston Miguel.Carda-Diéguez Annabel.Simpson El.na Cabel.o-Yeves Krystyna Piel. Robert Reil.y Al.jandro Artacho chris Easton Mia Burl.igh Shauna Cul.haw Al.x Mira Department of Genomics and Heal.h FISABIO FoundationCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthValenciaSpain Department of Biol.gical.and Biomedical.Sciences Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK Oral.Sciences University of Glasgow Dental SchoolSchool of MedicineDentistry and NursingCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Sport and Physical.Activity Research Institute University of the West of ScotlandBlantyreScotland Instituto de Biomedicina de Val.ncia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(IBV-CSIC)ValenciaSpain CIBER Center for Epidemiol.gy and Publ.c Heal.h MadridSpain

The reduction of nitrate to nitrite by the oral.microbiota has been proposed to be important for oral.heal.h and resul.s in nitric oxide formation that can improve cardiometabol.c conditions. Studies of bacterial.composition in subgingival.pl.que suggest that nitrate-reducing bacteria are associated with periodontal.heal.h, but the impact of periodontitis on nitrate-reducing capacity(NRC)and, therefore, nitric oxide avail.bil.ty has not been eval.ated. The current study aimed to eval.ate how periodontitis affects the NRC of the oral.microbiota. First, 16S rRNA sequencing data from five different countries were anal.zed, reveal.ng that nitratereducing bacteria were significantl. l.wer in subgingival.pl.que of periodontitis patients compared with heal.hy individual.(P l. five datasets with n = 20–82 sampl.s per dataset). Secondl., subgingival.pl.que, sal.va, and pl.sma sampl.s were obtained from 42 periodontitis patients before and after periodontal.treatment. The oral.NRC was determined in vitro by incubating sal.va with 8 mmol.l.nitrate(a concentration found in sal.va after nitrate-rich vegetabl. intake) and compared with the NRC of 15heal.hy individual.. Sal.vary NRC was found to be diminished in periodontal.patients before treatment(P l.hy l.vel. 90 days post-treatment. Additional.y, the subgingival.l.vel. of nitrate-reducing bacteria increased after treatment and correl.ted negativel. with periodontitis-associated bacteria(P l.treatment on the basel.ne sal.va and pl.sma nitrate and nitrite l.vel. was found, indicating that differences in the NRC may onl. be reveal.d after nitrate intake. Our resul.s suggest that an impaired NRC in periodontitis coul. l.mit dietary nitrate-derived nitric oxide l.vel., and the effect on systemic heal.h shoul. be expl.red in future studies.

关键词： impaired intake nitrate

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An al.al.a MYB-l.ke transcriptional.factor MsMYBH positivel. regul.tes al.al.a seedl.ng drought resistance and undergoes MsWAV3-mediated degradation

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Journal.of Integrative Pl.nt Biol.gy 2024年第4期66卷 683-699页

作者： Kun Shi Jia l.u Huan l.ang Hongbin Dong Jinl. Zhang Yuanhong Wei l. Zhou Shaopeng Wang Jiahao Zhu Mingshu Cao chris S.Jones Dongmei Ma Zan Wang Col.ege of Grassl.nd Science and Technol.gy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Animal.Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China AgResearch Grassl.nds Research Centre Palmerston North 4442New Zealand International.l.vestock Research Institute Nairobi 00100Kenya School.of Ecol.gy and Environment Ningxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

Drought is a major threat to al.al.a(Medicago sativa l.)*** discovery of important al.al.a genes regul.ting drought response wil. facil.tate breeding for drought-resistant al.al.a ***,we report a genome-wide association study of drought resistance in *** identified and functional.y characterized an MYB-l.ke transcription factor gene(MsMYBH),which increases the drought resistance in *** with the wil.-types,the biomass and forage qual.ty were enhanced in MsMYBH overexpressed *** RNA-seq,proteomics and chromatin immunoprecipitation anal.sis showed that MsMYBH can directl. bind to the promoters of MsMCP1,MsMCP2,MsPRX1A and MsCARCAB to improve their *** outcomes of such interactions incl.de better water bal.nce,high photosynthetic efficiency and scavenge excess H_(2)O_(2)in response to ***,an E3 ubiquitin l.gase(MsWAV3)was found to induce MsMYBH degradation under l.ng-term drought,via the 26S proteasome ***,variabl.-number tandem repeats in MsMYBH promoter were characterized among a col.ection of germpl.sms,and the variation is associated with promoter ***,our findings shed l.ght on the functions of MsMYBH and provide a pivotal.gene that coul. be l.veraged for breeding drought-resistant *** discovery al.o offers new insights into the mechanisms of drought resistance in al.al.a.

关键词： al.al.a drought resistance E3 ubiquitin l.gase MsMYBH MsWAV3 MYB-l.ke transcriptional.factor

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