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Differential variable speed limits to improve performance and safety of car-truck mixed traffic on freeways

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第6期9卷 1003-1016页

作者： Anas Abdulghani chris Lee Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4Canada

This study develops a differential variable speed limit(DVSL)which assigns different speed limits for car and truck,and varies speed limits based on traffic *** proposed DVSL algorithm changes speed limits in real time based on truck percentage and occupancy immediately upstream of the ramp and the average speed of the control road sections upstream of the *** algorithm also considers spatial coordination of speeds,which gradually changes the speed limits in successive road sections upstream of the ramp when the severe congestion *** study tested the impacts of DVSL and three other speed limit strategies on delay and safety for a section of the Gardiner Expressway in Toronto,Canada using the VISSIM traffic simulation *** other strategies are 1)uniform speed limit(USL),2)differential speed limit for car and truck(DSL),and 3)USL&DSL(U&D)-i.e.,USL at low truck percentage and DSL at high truck *** was found that DVSL showed the lowest delays for both car and truck among the four *** is mainly because DVSL increased the spacing between vehicles in the right lane upstream of the on-ramp and facilitated vehicles’merging into the mainline *** was also found that DVSL showed the lowest likelihood of rear-end crash between the lead and following vehicles among the four *** study demonstrates that the proposed DVSL algorithm can better control car and truck speeds to reduce delay and improve safety of car-truck mixed traffic flow on freeways.

关键词： Variable speed limit Differential speed limit Truck Traffic performance Safety Freeway

Global Timekeepers Push Pause on the Leap Second

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Engineering 2023年第8期27卷 6-7页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

Half a century—plus 37 seconds—after it was first introduced to the world,the leap second has been scheduled for *** 18 November 2022 at the General Conference on Weights and Measures(CGPM)outside of Paris,France,representatives of governments around the globe decided that astronomical time(known as UT1),which is determined by Earth’s rotation,will be allowed to diverge by more than one second from Coordinated Universal Time(UTC),which is based on the steady ticking of atomic clocks[1].While the change—not to be implemented until 2035—will go unnoticed by most people,it promises to simplify the timekeeping vital to services provided by a wide range of global industries,including transportation,defense,and finance.

关键词： Push finance outside

Latest Climate Report Sounds Alarm on Closing Window for Mitigation

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Engineering 2023年第11期30卷 7-9页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

In a year that had already seen dozens of heat and extreme weather records shattered[1]and temperatures approaching the limit of human survival[2],the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)published its latest large-scale report,concluding that the world has warmed 1.1℃ above pre-industrial levels[3].Along with dire warnings for the future,the authors of the March 2023 report issued the hopeful message that many feasible and effective options are currently available to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to human-caused climate change—they just need to be implemented at greater speed and scale.

关键词： approaching extreme weather

As Planet Warms,Heat Pumps Get Hotter

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Engineering 2023年第10期29卷 2-4页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

The heat pump,an old device dating back to the early 1850s[1],has captured new attention for its potential to help meet climate change *** in large part by legislated incentives and bans on fossil-fuel heating in a growing number of countries,the heightened interest has also spawned improvements in the technology’s efficiency and *** unique benefit is for one device to provide,depending on seasonal needs,both heating and cooling.

关键词： pump Pump dating

Spinal Analgesia with Intrathecal Morphine versus Conventional Analgesia after Laparoscopic Colectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第7期14卷 159-174页

作者： Lionel Diyamona Manon Colin Marc Léone Laurent Zieleskiewicz Joseph Nsiala Wilfrid Mbombo Rachel Mbala Bruno Pastene chris Nsituavibidila Dan Kankonde Gracia Likinda Jean Claude Mubenga Khazy Anga Noelly Mukuna christel Isengingo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University Clinics of Kinshasa University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Marseilles Nord Hospital Marseille France General Hospital of Kinshasa ex Mama Yemo Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Monkole Hospital Centre Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Objective: Postoperative pain (POP) following abdominal surgery can vary from a few hours to several days. This acute, unrelieved pain can become chronic, requiring patients to take analgesics on an almost daily basis for comfort. Analgesia using general opioids has many side effects and intrathecal morphine is a good alternative. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intrathecal morphine (ITM) versus conventional analgesia in the management of postoperative pain in colectomy performed by laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Cohort study conducted at the Hôpital Nord in Marseille, from 01 January to 31 July 2021 in patients aged at least 18 years undergoing anaesthesia for scheduled colectomy by laparoscopic surgery. The primary endpoint was postoperative pain intensity and the secondary endpoints were morphine consumption, treatment side effects and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis was performed using XLSTAT software. Results: We included 193 patients: 131 in the control group (conventional analgesia) and 62 in the ITM group. We observed: a significant decrease in pain (assessed by numerical scale) in favour of the ITM group in the post-anaesthetic care room, i.e. 3 (±4) vs 1 (±2), p 0 and H2: 2 (±2) vs. 1 (±2);p Conclusion: These results suggest that intrathecal morphine (ITM) in laparoscopic colectomy provides effective postoperative analgesia with low morphine consumption, and a reduction in morphine side-effects compared with conventional analgesia.

关键词： Intrathecal Morphine Colectomy Laparoscopy Conventional Analgesia

Burden sharing for CDR: balancing fair liability with feasibility

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National Science Review 2023年第12期10卷 47-48页

作者： chris D.Jones Met Office Hadley Centre

The basics are clear:climate is changing,it is caused by human activity and it is affecting everyone and everywhere now[1]. The good news is that we know what to do about it—we can stop global temperatures rising further if we stop emitting greenhouse gases. But because some sectors (such as agriculture or aviation)will have ongoing ‘hard-to-abate’ emissions,

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COP27 climate change conference:urgent action needed for Africa and the world

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第3期8卷 178-180页

作者： chris Zielinski UK Health Alliance on Climate Change LondonUK

Wealthy nations must step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past,present and future impacts of climate change The 2022 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change paints a dark picture of the future of life on earth,charac-terised by ecosystem collapse,species extinc-tion and climate hazards such as heatwaves and floods.

关键词： climate floods action

Identification of high-dielectric constant compounds from statistical design

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1396-1405页

作者： Abhijith Gopakumar Koushik Pal chris Wolverton Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University2220 Campus DriveEvanstonIL60208USA

The discovery of high-dielectric materials is crucial to increasing the efficiency of electronic devices and ***,we report three previously unexplored materials with very high dielectric constants(69<ϵ<101)and large b... 详细信息

关键词： dielectric high constant

Morbidity and Mortality during Anaesthesia in Patients with versus without Diabetes: Single-Centre Cohort Study

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第3期14卷 93-107页

作者： Noelly Mukuna Wilfrid Mbombo Joseph Nsiala Aliocha Nkodila Alphonse Mosolo Freddy Mbuyi Jonathan Kukila Paul Kambala Rémy Kashala chris Nsitwavibidila Patrick Kobo Dan Kankonde Gracias Likinda Jean Claude Mubenga Khazi Anga Lionel Diyamona Berthe Barhayiga Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Kinshasa University Clinics University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC Protestant University of Congo Kinshasa DRC Laboratory Department Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC Department of Clinical Biology Kinshasa University Clinics University of Kinshasa Kinshasa DRC Surgical Department Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC Department of Internal Medicine Monkole Hospital Kinshasa DRC

Background and objective: Classically, diabetic subjects are at high risk of anaesthesia compared with general population. However, some recent publications have shown contrasting and sometimes contrary results. The aim of our study was to evaluate morbidity and mortality during and after anaesthesia in patients with versus without diabetes operated on at Monkole Hospital over the last ten years. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including all patients who underwent all-comers surgery excluding cardiac surgery between 2011 and 2021. Each diabetic patient was matched to 2 non-diabetic controls on age and sex. The evaluation criterion was the frequency of occurrence of at least one perioperative complication and/or death up to day 30. A multivariate analysis using a Cox model was used to determine the factors associated with the occurrence of this morbidity and mortality. The model was adjusted for comorbidities, preoperative hyperglycaemia, ASA score, type of anaesthesia and severity of surgery. Results: A total of 351 diabetic patients (mean age 53.3 ± 14.18 years) and 701 non-diabetic patients (mean age 53.52 ± 14.7 years) were included and analysed. Preoperatively, hyperglycaemia (blood glucose > 180 mg/dl) was observed in 24.3% of diabetic patients compared with 1.6% of non-diabetic patients. The incidence of overall perioperative complications was 25.6% in diabetic patients compared with 28.6% in non-diabetic patients (p = 0.27). The risk factors associated with this morbidity were general anaesthesia with oro-tracheal intubation vs loco-regional anaesthesia (OR = 3.06 [95%CI: 1.91 - 4.94];p Conclusion: This study shows that there is not significant increase in perioperative morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic ones of similar severity. These results suggest that diabetes itself (excluding associated comorbidities) has only a minor impact on perioperative morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Anaesthesia Diabetes Morbidity Mortality Perioperative