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The Process and Benefits of developing Prototype Climate Services——Examples in China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 893-903页

作者： chris d.hewitt Nicola GOLdING Peiqun ZHANG Tyrone dUNBAR Philip E.BETT Joanne CAMP Timothy d.MITCHELL Edward POPE Met Office Exeter EX 13PBUK University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD 4350Australia Beijing Climate Center/National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Changes in climate pose major challenges to society, and so decision-makers need actionable climate information to inform their planning and policies to make society more resilient to climatic changes. Climate services are being developed to provide such actionable climate information. The successful development and use of climate services benefits greatly from close engagement between developers, providers, and users of the services. The Climate Science for Service Partnership China(CSSP China) is a China–UK collaboration fostering closer engagement between climate scientists, providers of climate services, and users of climate services. We describe the process within CSSP China of co-developing climate services through trials with users to revise and improve a prototype. Examples are provided covering various scientific capabilities, user needs, and parts of China. The development process is yielding many benefits, such as increasing the engagement between providers and users, making users more aware of how climate information can be of use in their decision-making, giving the climate service providers a better understanding of the users’ requirements for climate information, and shaping future scientific research and development. In addition to the benefits, we also document some challenges that have emerged, along with ways of alleviating them. We have two key recommendations from our experiences: make the time and space for effective engagement between the users and developers of any climate service;bring the needs of the users in to the design and delivery of the climate service as early as possible and throughout the development cycle.

关键词： climate services prototypes user engagement

Seasonal Rainfall Forecasts for the Yangtze River Basin of China in Summer 2019 from an Improved Climate Service

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 904-916页

作者： Philip E.BETT Nicola MARTIN Adam A.SCAIFE Nick dUNSTONE Gill M.MARTIN Nicola GOLdING Joanne CAMP Peiqun ZHANG chris d.hewitt Leon HERMANSON Chaofan LI Hong-Li REN Ying LIU Min LIU Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EXI 3PBUK Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth PL13DHUK College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterDevon EX44QFUK Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD 4350Australia Center for Monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Wuhan Regional Climate Center Wuhan 430074China

Rainfall forecasts for the summer monsoon season in the Yangtze River basin(YRB) allow decision-makers to plan for possible flooding, which can affect the lives and livelihoods of millions of people. A trial climate service was developed in 2016, producing a prototype seasonal forecast product for use by stakeholders in the region, based on rainfall forecasts directly from a dynamical model. Here, we describe an improved service based on a simple statistical downscaling approach. Through using dynamical forecast of an East Asian summer monsoon(EASM) index, seasonal mean rainfall for the upper and middle/lower reaches of YRB can be forecast separately by use of the statistical downscaling, with significant skills for lead times of up to at least three months. The skill in different sub-basin regions of YRB varies with the target season. The rainfall forecast skill in the middle/lower reaches of YRB is significant in May–June–July(MJJ), and the forecast skill for rainfall in the upper reaches of YRB is significant in June–July–August(JJA). The mean rainfall for the basin as a whole can be skillfully forecast in both MJJ and JJA. The forecasts issued in 2019 gave good guidance for the enhanced rainfall in the MJJ period and the near-average conditions in JJA. Initial feedback from users in the basin suggests that the improved forecasts better meet their needs and will enable more robust decision-making.

关键词： seasonal rainfall forecasts climate service Yangtze River basin(YRB) East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)

Intelligent Recognition Using Ultralight Multifunctional Nano‑Layered Carbon Aerogel Sensors with Human‑Like Tactile Perception

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 172-186页

作者： Huiqi Zhao Yizheng Zhang Lei Han Weiqi Qian Jiabin Wang Heting Wu Jingchen Li Yuan dai Zhengyou Zhang chris RBowen Ya Yang CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‑Nano Energy and SensorBeijing Institute of Nanoenergy and NanosystemsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101400People’s Republic of China Tencent Robotics X Shenzhen 518054People’s Republic of China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBath BA27AKUK Center on Nanoenergy Research School of Physical Science and TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004People’s Republic of China

Humans can perceive our complex world through multi-sensory *** limited visual conditions,people can sense a variety of tactile signals to identify objects accurately and ***,replicating this unique capability in robots remains a significant ***,we present a new form of ultralight multifunctional tactile nano-layered carbon aerogel sensor that provides pressure,temperature,material recognition and 3d location capabilities,which is combined with multimodal supervised learning algorithms for object *** sensor exhibits human-like pressure(0.04–100 kPa)and temperature(21.5–66.2℃)detection,millisecond response times(11 ms),a pressure sensitivity of 92.22 kPa^(−1)and triboelectric durability of over 6000 *** devised algorithm has universality and can accommodate a range of application *** tactile system can identify common foods in a kitchen scene with 94.63%accuracy and explore the topographic and geomorphic features of a Mars scene with 100%*** sensing approach empowers robots with versatile tactile perception to advance future society toward heightened sensing,recognition and intelligence.

关键词： Multifunctional sensor Tactile perception Multimodal machine learning algorithms Universal tactile system Intelligent object recognition

development and Pull-through of Climate Science to Services in China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 9-12页

作者： chris hewitt Nicola GOLdING Met Office FitzRoy Road Exeter EX1 3PB UK

1. IntroductionThe impacts arising from climate change and climate variability pose major challenges to global and regional security and economic prosperity（UNFCCC,2015）.Some regions are more at risk than others, through heightened exposure to climatic hazards, and high vulnerability and exposure to such hazards. China, with its rapid economic development, large and growing population, and frequent occurrence of disasters associated with heavy rainfall, flooding, tropical cyclones,

关键词： In development and Pull-through of Climate Science to Services in China

Ferroelectric catalytic BaTiO3-based composite insoles topromote healing of infected wounds:Analysis ofantibacterial efficacy and angiogenesis

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Interdisciplinary Materials 2024年第5期3卷 757-774页

作者： Qiong Liu Xudan Liu Linfeng Fan Xinna Bai Hao Pan Hang Luo dou Zhang Haitao Huang chris R.Bowen State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina department of Periodontics Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research&Hunan 3D Printing Engineering Research Center of Oral Care&Hunan Clinical Research Center of Oral Major Diseases and Oral Health&Xiangya Stomatological Hospital&Xiangya School of StomatologyCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina department of Mechanical Engineering University of BathBathUK

Our feet are often subjected to moist and warm environments,which can promote the growth of harmful bacteria and the development of severe infection in wounds located in the *** a result,there is a need for new and innovative strategies to safely sterilize feet,when shoes are worn,to prevent any potential foot-related *** this paper,we have produced a non-destructive,biocompatible and convenient-to-use insole by embedding a BaTiO3(BT)ferroelectric material into a conventional polydimethylsilane(PdMS)insole material to exploit a ferroelectric catalytic effect to promote the antibacterial and healing of infected wounds via the ferroelectric charges generated during *** formation of reactive oxygen species generated through a ferroelectric catalytic effect in the PdMS-BT composite is shown to increase the oxidative stress on bacteria and decrease both the activity of bacteria and the rate of formation of bacterial *** addition,the ferroelectric field generated by the PdMS-BT insole can enhance the level of transforming growth factor-beta and Cd31 by influencing the endogenous electric field of a wound,thereby promoting the proliferation,differentiation of fibroblasts and *** work therefore provides a new route for antimicrobial and tissue reconstruction by integrating a ferroelectric biomaterial into a shoe insole,with significant potential for health-related applications.

关键词： ferroelectric filed effect PdMS-BaTiO3 insole piezo-catalysis wound healing

Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第2期15卷 535-545页

作者： Melissa A.Stephen chris R.Burke Jennie E.Pryce Nicole M.Steele Peter R.Amer Susanne Meier Claire V.C.Phyn dorian J.Garrick dairyNZ Ltd 605 Ruakura RoadHamilton 3240New Zealand AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University RuakuraHamilton 3214New Zealand Agriculture Victoria Research AgriBioCentre for AgriBioscienceBundooraVictoria 3083Australia School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoria 3083Australia AbacusBio DunedinNew Zealand

Background Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures,especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure *** include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status,or *** measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-,interval-and rightcensoring,where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound,between a lower and upper bound,or above a lower bound *** we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation(>1 ng/mL)in blood plasma progesterone(AGEP4),which generally coincides with onset of puberty,as an example *** We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian×Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving,pasture-based herds in New *** used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios,increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three *** methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored:1)ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis;2)continuous variables,with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes;and 3)continuous variables,sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation *** Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios,but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was *** sires with at least 5 daughters,the correlations between estimated breeding values(EBVs)from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method,ranging from 0.65 to *** estimated breed effects also varied by method,but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring *** Our results indicate that using

关键词： Cattle Gibbs sampler Markov-chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) Puberty

The dallas donation after Circulatory death Transplantation Summit:expanding donation after circulatory death procedures through process improvement,broader utilization,and innovation

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第5期13卷 824-836,I0009页

作者： Michele Finotti Anji Wall Anthony d’Alessandro Gary Schwartz chris Sonnenday david Goldberg Ashish Shah Peter Friend Jeff P.Orlowski Greg McKenna Steve Newton Brad Adams William C.Chapman Amit Mathur Marwan Abouljoud Tim Pruett Amelia Hessheimer James F.Trotter Sumeet K.Asrani Giuliano Testa Simmons Transplant Institute Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Hepatobiliary and General Surgery Unit Regional Hospital TrevisoDISCOGUniversity of PaduaPaduaItaly division of Transplantation Department of SurgeryUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWIUSA department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Baylor University Medical CenterCenter for Advanced Heart and Lung DiseaseDallasTXUSA department of Surgery University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA division of digestive Health and Liver diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA Nuffield department of Surgical Sciences University of OxfordOxfordUK LifeShare Transplant donor Services of Oklahoma Oklahoma CityOKUSA Administration Baylor University Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Southwest Transplant Alliance DallasTXUSA department of Surgery/Transplantation Washington UniversitySt.LouisMOUSA division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgeryMayo Clinic ArizonaAlix School of MedicinePhoenixAZUSA divisions of Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgery Henry Ford HospitalDetroitMIUSA department of Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA General and digestive Surgery Hospital Universitario La PazIdiPAZMadridSpain

despite a significant increase in utilization over the past decade,the number of donation after circulatory death(dCd)organs that are procured and transplanted in the United States(US)remains well below its *** is still room for expansion,as utilizing dCd organs to the fullest extent is currently the most viable solution to the persistent mismatch between supply and demand in *** convened a multidisciplinary transplantation summit to examine various aspects of dCd,with faculty members from around the world with clinical and academic interest in dCd donation and transplantation,including abdominal and cardiothoracic surgeons,organ procurement organization directors,hepatologists,and *** conference focused on identifying barriers to dCd organ utilization and strategies to overcome these *** divide the barriers to dCd utilization into three mains categories:(Ⅰ)policy and process variation;(II)logistical and transportation challenges;and(Ⅲ)higher risk perceptions related to dCd *** each barrier,we proposed a variety of solutions,providing an overview of the status of dCd donation in the US and suggestions on how to increase the use of *** is a specific focus on ex situ machine perfusion,normothermic regional perfusion,and other opportunities to expand dCd utilization without negatively impacting recipient outcomes.

关键词： donation after circulatory death donation(dCd donation) marginal graft donor pool machine perfusion(MP)

detailed characterization of kHz-rate laser-driven fusion at a thin liquid sheet with a neutron detection suite

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 13-23页

作者： Benjamin M.Knight Connor M.Gautam Colton R.Stoner Bryan V.Egner Joseph R.Smith chris M.Orban Juan J.Manfredi Kyle d.Frische Michael L.dexter Enam A.Chowdhury Anil K.Patnaik department of Engineering Physics Air Force Institute of TechnologyWPAFBOHUSA Physics department Marietta CollegeMariettaOHUSA department of Physics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Intense Energy Solutions LLCPlain CityOHUSA

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(<1 μm) d_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic inte... 详细信息

We present detailed characterization of laser-driven fusion and neutron production(-10^(5)/second) using 8 mJ, 40 fs laser pulses on a thin(d_2O liquid sheet employing a measurement suite. At relativistic intensity(~ 5 × 10^(18)W/cm^(2))and high repetition rate(1 kHz), the system produces deuterium±deuterium(d-d) fusion, allowing for consistent neutron generation. Evidence of d-d fusion neutron production is verified by a measurement suite with three independent detection systems: an EJ-309 organic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination, a ~3He proportional counter and a set of 36 bubble detectors. Time-of-flight analysis of the scintillator data shows the energy of the produced neutrons to be consistent with 2.45 MeV. Particle-in-cell simulations using the WarpX code support significant neutron production from d-d fusion events in the laser±target interaction region. This high-repetition-rate laser-driven neutron source could provide a low-cost, on-demand test bed for radiation hardening and imaging applications.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser-driven fusion laser-plasma interaction liquid target neutron detectors

Translational Science for Climate Services: Mapping and Understanding Users' Climate Service Needs in CSSP China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第1期35卷 64-76页

作者： Sarah OPITZ-STAPLETON Roger STREET Qian YE Jiarui HAN chris dhewitt Overseas development Institute London SE18NJUK Environmental Change Institute University of OxfordOxford 0X 13QYUK Academy of disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081China Met Office Exeter EX13PBUK University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD4350Australia

The Climate Science for Service Partnership China(CSSP China) is a joint program between China and the United Kingdom to build the basis for climate services to support the weather and climate resilient economic development and welfare in China. Work Package 5(WP5) provides the translational science on identification of: different users and providers, and their mandates;factors contributing to communication gaps and capacities between various users and providers;and mechanisms to work through such issues to develop and/or evolve a range of climate *** findings to emerge include that users from different sectors have varying capacities, requirements, and needs for information in their decision contexts, with a current strong preference for weather information. Separating climate and weather services when engaging users is often not constructive. Furthermore, there is a need to move to a service delivery model that is more user-driven and science informed;having sound climate science is not enough to develop services that are credible, salient, reliable, or timely for diverse user groups. Greater investment in building the capacity of the research community supporting and providing climate services to conduct translational sciences and develop regular user engagement processes is much needed. Such a move would help support the China Meteorological Administration's(CMA) ongoing efforts to improve climate services. It would also assist in potentially linking a broader group of "super" users who currently act as providers and purveyors of climate services because they find the existing offerings are not relevant to their needs or cannot access CMA's services.

关键词： climate services credibility usefulness diverse decision contexts information users information providers