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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第1期13卷 139-150页

作者： Kevin Zerbe chris Polit Stacey McClain Tim Cook Washington Emergency Management Division Camp MurrayTacomaWA 98430USA

Spatiotemporal analysis of fire activity is vital for determining why wildfires occur where they do,assessing wildfire risks,and developing locally relevant wildfire risk reduction *** various spatial statistical methods,we determined hot spots of large wildfires(>100 acres)in Washington,the United States,and mapped spatiotemporal variations in large wildfire activity from 1970 to *** results found that all hot spots are located east of the crest of the Cascade *** spatiotemporal analysis found that the geographic area wherein most of the state’s acres burned has shrunk considerably since 1970 and has become concentrated over the north-central portion of the state over *** concentration of large wildfire activity in north-central Washington was previously unquantified and may provide important information for hazard mitigation efforts in that *** results highlight the advantages of using spatial statistical methods that could aid the development of natural hazard mitigation plans and risk reduction strategies by characterizing previous hazard occurrences spatially and spatiotemporally.

关键词： Hazard mitigation Natural hazards Spatial statistics Washington state Wildfire

Regulation of gene expression in chickens by heat stress

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 438-450页

作者： Akshat Goel chris Major Ncho Yang-Ho Choi Department of Animal Science Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea Division of Applied Life Sciences(BK21 Plus Program) Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Republic of Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article

High ambient temperatures are a critical challenge in the poultry industry which is a key producer of the animal-based *** evaluate heat stress levels,various parameters have been used,including growth rates,blood metabolites,and *** most recent advances have explored expression profiling of genes that may play vital roles under stress.A high ambient temperature adversely affects nutrient uptake and is known to modulate the expression of genes encoding for sodium-dependent glucose transporters,glucose transporters,excitatory amino acid transporters,and fatty acidbinding proteins which are responsible for the absorption of macronutrients in the *** defensive activities are stimulated to protect the cell of different tissues from the heat-generated stress,including expression of early stress response genes coding for heat shock protein(HSP),c-FOS like protein,brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),and neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS);antioxidant enzyme genes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase(NOX4);and immune-related genes such as cytokines and toll-like receptors(TLRs).The potential role of HSPs in protecting the cell from stress and their presence in several tissues make them suitable markers to be evaluated under heat *** and c-FOS genes expressed in the hypothalamus help cells to adapt to an adverse *** causes damage to the cell by generating reactive oxygen species(ROS).The NOX4 gene is the inducer of ROS under heat stress,which is in turns controlled by antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and *** are responsible for protecting against pathogenic attacks arising from enhanced membrane permeability,and cytokines help in controlling the pathogen and maintaining ***,the evaluation of nutrient transporters and defense mechanisms using the latest molecular biology tools has made it possible to shed light on the complex cellular mechan

关键词： Antioxidant Gene expression Heat stress Immunity Metabolism Nutrient transporter Poultry

Integrity monitoring of fixed ambiguity Precise Point Positioning(PPP)solutions

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第3期16卷 141-148页

作者： Altti JOKINEN Shaojun FENG Wolfgang SCHUSTER Washington OCHIENG chris HIDE Terry MOORE chris HILL Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College London Centre for Transport StudiesLondon SW72AZUK Nottingham Geospatial Institute(NGI) University of NottinghamNottingham NG72TUUK

Traditional positioning methods,such as conventional Real Time Kinematic(cRTK)rely upon local reference networks to enable users to achieve high-accuracy *** need for such relatively dense networks has significant cost *** Point Positioning(PPP)on the other hand is a positioning method capable of centimeter-level positioning without the need for such local networks,hence providing significant cost benefits especially in remote *** paper presents the state-of-the-art PPP method using both GPS and GLONASS measurements to estimate the float position solution before attempting to resolve GPS integer *** monitoring is carried out using the Imperial College Carrier-phase Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring method.A new method to detect and exclude GPS base-satellite failures is developed.A base-satellite is a satellite whose measurements are differenced from other satellite’s measurements when using between-satellite-differenced measurements to estimate *** failure detection and exclusion methods are tested using static GNSS data recorded by International GNSS Service stations both in static and dynamic processing *** results show that failure detection can be achieved in all cases tested and failure exclusion can be achieved for static *** the kinematic processing cases,failure exclusion is more difficult because the higher noise in the measurement residuals increases the difficulty to distinguish between failures associated with the base-satellite and other satellites.

关键词： Precise Point Positioning(PPP) integrity ambiguity resolution failure exclusion

EXISTENCE AND CONTROLLABILITY FOR NONLINEAR FRACTIONAL CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH DAMPING IN HILBERT SPACES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2019年第1期39卷 229-242页

作者： Xiuwen LI Zhenhai LIU Jing LI chris TISDELL School of Science Nanjing University of Sciences and Technology Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Complex System Optimization and Big Data Processing Yulin Normal University Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modelling and Analysis in Engineering Department of Mathematics and Statistics Changsha University of Science and Technology Faculty of Science The University of New South Wales UNSW

In this paper, we are concerned with the existence of mild solution and controllability for a class of nonlinear fractional control systems with damping in Hilbert *** first step is to give the representation of mild solution for this control system by utilizing the general method of Laplace transform and the theory of(α, γ)-regularized families of operators. Next, we study the solvability and controllability of nonlinear fractional control systems with damping under some suitable sufficient conditions. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the theory.

关键词： existence controllability fractional control systems damping regularized resolvent family

Innovation Portfolio Management for Small-medium Enterprises

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第5期29卷 507-524页

作者： Daniel Pashley Theo Tryfonas Andy Crossley chris Setchell Stylianos Karatzas iMETRUM Ltd. BristolUK Civil Engineering Department University of BristolUK Civil Engineering Department University of PatrasGreece

For small and medium sized enterprises,portfolio management can be a difficult exercise;especially when the available paths forwards are shrouded in *** overcome this,they are required to research and decide upon the path to follow,but this can be difficult when the information to gather is unclear,leading to ad-hoc processes and *** motivation for this project originated from a small and medium sized enterprise experiencing this problem of unknown critical information and a technological portfolio with significant *** no procedure or method in place,they conducted the research in an ad-hoc way resulting in uncertainty and low repeatability of *** tackle this problem,innovation structuring frameworks were synthesised with appropriate risks and context to pose a new structure for information *** resulting structure was tested within the small and medium sized enterprise to investigate the repeatability of the information capture and the subsequent *** proposed structure was also analysed by-process experts for its wider *** the small and medium sized enterprise,this led to a consistent and repeatable method that delivered increased confidence about selecting a path forwards for its *** addition,it was found to be applicable to external organisations increasing the moders worth and *** implications of this work have led to a change in the operational procedure of the small and medium sized enterprise to utilise the defined process for researching new ideas for their portfolio which can lead to repeatable and trustworthy *** also has applicability to other similar companies and could lead them through a repeatable process as presented here.

关键词： Portfolio management directed research decision support small-medium enterprise

A version of Geiringer-like theorem for decision making in the environments with randomness and incomplete information

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2012年第1期5卷 36-90页

作者： Boris Mitavskiy Jonathan Rowe chris Cannings Department of Computer Science Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK School of Computer Science University of BirminghamBirminghamUK School of Mathematics and Statistics University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to establish a version of a theorem that originated from population genetics and has been later adopted in evolutionary computation theory that will lead to novel Monte-Carlo sampling algorithms that provably increase the AI ***/methodology/approach-In the current paper the authors set up a mathematical framework,state and prove a version of a Geiringer-like theorem that is very well-suited for the development of Mote-Carlo sampling algorithms to cope with randomness and incomplete information to make ***-This work establishes an important theoretical link between classical population genetics,evolutionary computation theory and model free reinforcement learning *** only may the theory explain the success of the currently existing Monte-Carlo tree sampling methodology,but it also leads to the development of novel Monte-Carlo sampling techniques guided by rigorous mathematical *** implications-The theoretical foundations established in the current work provide guidance for the design of powerful Monte-Carlo sampling algorithms in model free reinforcement learning,to tackle numerous problems in computational ***/value-Establishing a Geiringer-like theorem with non-homologous recombination was a long-standing open problem in evolutionary computation *** from overcoming this challenge,in a mathematically elegant fashion and establishing a rather general and powerful version of the theorem,this work leads directly to the development of novel provably powerful algorithms for decision making in the environment involving randomness,hidden or incomplete information.

关键词： Decision making Programming and algorithm theory Monte Carlo methods Markov processes Reinforcement learning Partially observable Markov decision processes Monte Carlo tree search Geiringer theorem Evolutionary computation theory Markov chains

Application of nonlinear fatigue damage models in power electronic module wirebond structure under various amplitude loadings

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Advances in Manufacturing 2014年第3期2卷 239-250页

作者： Pushparajah Rajaguru Hua Lu chris Bailey Computational Mechanics and Reliability Group University of GreenwichLondonUK

This paper presents mean fatigue lifetime predic- tion of a wire-bond structure model in power electronic module using a failure physics approach that integrates high fidelity modelling and reduced order modelling. Loading current with variable amplitudes is applied to a finite element model of simplified wirebond structures. The resulting accumulated fatigue damage due to random loads is predicted by using reduced order modelling based on failure physics, a cycle counting algorithm, and various nonlinear fatigue damage models widely used in the literature. The reduced order mod- elling approach based on failure physics uses prediction data for the electro-thermo-mechanical behaviour of the wire-bond design of a power module obtained through non-linear transient finite element simulations, in particular for the fatigue life-time of the aluminium wire attached to the silicon chip of the wire in the module. The reduced order models that capture the black box function of the accumulated plastic strain are used in pre- dicting the mean fatigue life time of the wire bond structure under random loads. One of the widely used cycle counting algorithms, rainflow counting algorithm, is used to count cycles of the temperature profile at the specific point of the wire bond structure in a power electronic module. The cycle data from the rainflow algorithm mean life time of the wire bond structure are predicted with various cumulative fatigue models. Non-linear cumulative fatigue models such as damage curve approach （DCA）, double linear damage rule （DLDR）, and double dam- age curve approach （DDCA）, and linear cumulative fatigue damage model such as Palmgren-Miner rule are used to predict the mean fatigue life of the wire bond structure, and the results are compared.

关键词： Reduced order models Power module Kriging Radial basis Damage rule

CITIES,ENERGY AND CLIMATE:SEVEN REASONS TO QUESTION THE DENSE HIGH-RISE CITY

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Journal of Green Building 2020年第3期15卷 197-214页

作者： chris Butters Ali Cheshmehzangi Paola Sassi Centre for Development and the Environment(SUM) Sognsveien 680855 OsloNorway University of Nottingham Ningbo 199 Taikang E RdYinzhou QuNingbo315000 China School of Architecture Faculty of TechnologyDesign and EnvironmentOxford Brookes UniversityGipsy LaneOxford OX30BP United Kingdom

Dense high-rise cities offer some advantages in terms of sustainability but have considerable ***-dense and medium-rise typologies have been shown to offer good social qualities;their potential energy and carbon advantages have received less *** the energy consumption,emissions of cities and heat island effects increase;we question whether dense,high-rise cities offer optimal *** discuss seven areas where medium density and lower rise typologies offer advantages in terms of energy and climate including:land use/density;microclimate/green space;energy supply;transports;operational energy/carbon;embodied energy/carbon;and *** aim is to discuss the cumulative importance of these areas in the context of sustainable energy use and climate *** areas are subject to ongoing research and are only discussed briefly,since the overarching synthesis perspective for urban planning is our *** picture that emerges when these points are seen together,suggests that medium density and lower rise options-like traditional European typologies-may offer,in addition to social qualities,very significant advantages in terms of energy,carbon and climate emissions.

关键词： sustainable cities low rise cities urban planning climate emissions energy planning

Numerical weather modeling-based slant tropospheric delay estimation and its enhancement by GNSS data

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2013年第3期16卷 186-200页

作者： Lei YANG chris HILL Terry MOORE Nottingham Geospatial Institute The University of NottinghamTriumph RoadNottinghamNG72TUUK

Unmitigated tropospheric delay is one of the major error sources in precise point positioning(PPP).Precise Slant Tropospheric Delay(STD)estimation could help to provide cleaner observables for PPP,and improve its convergence,accuracy,and *** is difficult to model accurately due to the rapid spatial and temporal variation of the water vapor in the *** the traditional approach,the STD is mapped from the zenith direction,which assumes a spherically symmetric local tropospheric profile and has *** this paper,a new approach of directly estimating the STD from high resolution numerical weather modeling(NWM)products is *** approach benefits from the best available meteorological information to improve real time STD estimation,with the RMS residual lower than 3.5 cm above 15°elevation,and 2 cm above 30°.Therefore,the new method can provide sufficient accuracy to improve PPP convergence *** improve the performance of the new method in highly variable tropospheric conditions,a correction scheme is proposed which combines NWM information with multi-GNSS observations from a network of local continuously operating reference *** is demonstrated through a case study that this correction scheme is quite effective in reducing the STD estimation residuals and PPP convergence time.

关键词： slant troposphere delay numerical weather modeling(NWM) precise point positioning(PPP) multi GNSS

Screening ionic liquids for efficiently extracting perfluoroalkyl chemicals (PFACs) from wastewater

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 866-874页

作者： Kaihang Zhang David Kujawski chris Spurrell Bing Wang John CCrittenden Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA Refinery Water Engineering and Associates Hydrocarbon Processing Water and Waste TechnologyInc.HoustonTX 77042USA Chevron USA VancouverWA 98664USA School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering Shenyang Jianzhu UniversityShenyang 110000China

Liquid-liquid extraction(LLE)using ionic liquids(ILs)-based methods to remove perfluoroalkyl chemicals(PFACs),such as perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS),from wastewater,is an important ***,the lack of physicochemical and LLE data limits the selection of the most suitable ILs for the extraction of *** this work,1763 ILs for PFACs extraction from water were systematically screened using COSMOtherm to estimate the infinite dilution activity coefficient(lnγ^(∞))of PFOA and PFOS in water and *** evaluate the accuracy of COSMOtherm,8 ILs with various lnγ^(∞)values were selected,and their extraction efficiency(E)and distribution coefficient(D_(exp))were measured *** results showed that the predicted lnγ^(∞)decreased as the increase of experimental extraction efficiency of PFOA or PFOS,while the tendency of predicted distribution coefficient(D_(pre))was consistent with the experimental(D_(exp))*** work provides an efficient basis for selecting ILs for the extraction of PFACs from wastewater.

关键词： Conductor-like screening model for real solvents(COSMO-RS) Ionic liquids Perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS) Liquid-liquid extraction