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A two-stage process with temperature-shift for enhanced anthocyanin production in strawberry cell suspension cultures

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Science China Chemistry 1999年第4期42卷 345-350页

作者：张卫 Shintaro Furusaki chris Franco Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113 Japan Biotechnology School of Medicine Flinders University of South Australia Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia

A two-stage process with temperature-shift has been developed to enhance the anthocyanin yield in suspension cultures of strawbeny cells. The effect of the temperature-shift interval and the shift-time point was investigated for the optimization of this strategy. In this process, strawbeny cells were grown at 30°C (the optimum temperature for cell gowth) for a certain period as the first stage, with the temperature shifted to a lower temperature for the second stage. In response to the temperature shift-down, anthocyanin synthesis was stimulated and a higher content could be achieved than that at both boundary temperatures but cell growth was suppressed. When the lower boundary temperature. was decreased, cell growth was lowered and a delayed, sustained maximum anthocyanin content was achieved. Anthocyanin synthesis was strongly influenced by the shift-time point but cell growth was not. Consequently, the maximum anthocyanin content of 2.7 mg.g-fresh cell-1 was obtained on day 9 by a temperature-shift from 309°C, after 3-d culture, to 15°C. The highest anthocyanin yield of 318 mg. L-1 on day 12 was achieved when the temperature was shifted from 30°C, after 5-d culture, to 20°C. For a global optimization of both the yield and productivity, the optimum anthocyanin yield and productivity of 272 mg.L-1 1 and 30.2 mg.L-1d1 on day 9 were achieved by a two-stage culture with a temperature-shift from 30°C after 3 d to 20°C.

关键词： strawberry cell suspension cultures anthocyanin temperature two-stage culture temperature-shift.

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The Drive for Electric Motor Innovation

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Engineering 2022年第4期8卷 9-11页

作者： chris Palmer 机构不祥

Since 2018,Turntide Technologies’highly efficient electric motors—based on an updated version of an early 19th century design—have turned cooling fans in dairy barns across the United States;in addition,more than a dozen companies,including BMW and Amazon,have saved an estimated average of 64%on heating and cooling costs by retrofitting their rooftop heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)systems with the company’s“smart motor system”[1].Now,as announced in June and July 2021[1,2],the Sunnyvale,CA,USA-based company,backed by Bill Gates and Amazon,is shifting its focus to electric vehicles(EVs)after securing 225 million USD in funding and acquiring three startup firms—Hyperdrive Innovation,BorgWarner Gateshead,and Avid Technology—that make batteries,drivetrains,and EV controls,respectively.

关键词： Amazon companies shifting

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SpaceX Starship Lands on Earth, But Manned Missions to Mars Will Require More

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Engineering 2021年第10期7卷 1345-1347页

作者： chris Palmer 机构不详

Between December 2020 and March 2021,SpaceX(Hawthorne,CA,USA)launched four prototypes of its Starship,a behemoth rocket intended to one day shuttle people to ***,after reaching an altitude of several miles and executing a controlled belly flop back toward to the ground,each one exploded in spectacular fashion during or shortly after landing[1].On 5 May 2021,the company achieved success with a fifth Starship,dubbed SN15(Fig.1),which nailed the landing without blowing up[2].As SpaceX—a relative newcomer in the rocketry business—marches forward on its mission to land people on Mars with its distinctive fail-fast,fix-fast approach,government-backed space agencies foresee using half-century-old nuclear propulsion and ion drive technology to ferry astronauts to the red planet and beyond.

关键词： planet Earth rocket

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Genetic Engineering Aims to Take a Bite Out of Insect Pests

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Engineering 2022年第11期18卷 6-8页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

In March 2022,the US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)cleared the Abingdon,UK-based biotech company Oxitec to release up to 2.4 billion genetically modified(GM)mosquitoes through 2024 in California and Florida[1].The Oxitec mosquitoes—in this case,Aedes aegypti males—are engineered to produce only male offspring and not the female mosquitoes that feed on blood and vector disease(Fig.1).Releasing large numbers of these GM males aims to reduce the overall mosquito population and thereby the spread of the diseases they can *** Aedes aegypti,this includes the viral illnesses yellow fever,dengue,and Zika;other mosquitoes—in the genus Anopheles—transmit the age-old parasitic protozoan scourge of malaria that remains a front-line public health problem in the developing world,against which GM approaches are also being explored.

关键词： diseases thereby yellow

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REBUILDING A LAKE HOUSE COTTAGE IN NEW HAMPSHIRE

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Journal of Green Building 2011年第3期6卷 46-58页

作者： chris Pinkham 不详

INTRODUCTION I built my first“green”structure when I was ten years old-a multilevel tree house with views of my backyard and the woods *** whole thing was built from lumber cast off(with permission,honestly)from a construction site down the road and hauled in by kids with *** nails straightened with hammers,a rusty handsaw for the cuts and a rickety ladder borrowed from some kid’s father got us that fort in the sky-and my first experience in recycling and ***,I had the privilege of growing up around talented people with solid *** grandfather worked on the Old Ironsides renovations at the shipyard in *** father taught me his renovation skills.I worked on a house build when I was fourteen with a man who was a natural at creating beautifully engineered trusses and *** I was a twenty-year-old UConn student,I spent my weekends in New Hampshire helping friends build their summer home out of salvaged *** the experience stick?Who knows?But this dyed-in-the-wool Yankee has always considered material reuse and recycling to be an important part of any build or renovation project.

关键词： Icynene insulation tankless hot water heater pellet stove engineered wood products mandatory site recycling

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Simplified Instruction Set Architecture Accelerates Chip Development and Wins the 2022 Draper Prize

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Engineering 2022年第10期17卷 7-9页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

The previously slow and steady rise in the adoption of a streamlined computer chip instruction set architecture(ISA),the fifth generation of reduced instruction set computer(RISC-V),has officially entered *** early Fe... 详细信息

关键词： computer Win ISA

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Brain-Computer Interface Speaks Up

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 3-5页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

As reported in July 2021 in The New England Journal of Medicine,a neural implant helped a paralyzed man speak his first compre-hensible words in 18 years:“My family is outside”[1,2].The achievement—albeit in a single patient,nicknamed Pancho,who as a 20-year-old in 2003 suffered a severe stroke following a hor-rific car crash—highlights recent progress in engineering brain–computer interfaces(BCIs).The algorithms that control the array of electrodes placed onto the speech areas of Pancho’s brain and translate his neural activity into words were developed by researchers at the University of California,San Francisco(UCSF).The team hopes their work could one day restore the ability to communicate to the thousands of people each year that lose the capacity to speak due to stroke,disease,or injury.

关键词： speak neural translate

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Cadmium,chromium,copper,iron,lead,mercury,nickel,and zinc in freshwater fish:Assessing trophic transfer using stable isotope ratios ofδ^(15)N andδ^(13)C

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第6期128卷 250-257页

作者： Chester Lau X.chris Le Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AlbertaAlberta T6G 2G2Canada Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaAlberta T6G 2G3Canada

Introduction The health benefits of consuming aquatic organisms are clear,given their high protein count,low saturated fats,and low cholesterol ***,in particular,contains valuable nutrients(e.g.,omega-3 polyunsaturated fats),vitamins,essential elements,and is therefore considered an important part of a balanced human *** is a major seafood producer,accounting for 58%of global production in 2018(Crona et al.,2020).China is the largest seafood consuming country in the world,with consumption rates steadily *** the 1978 Chinese economic reform,the amount of seafood consumed per capita in China increased from 5 kg per capita in 1980 to 41 kg in 2015(Zhang et al.,2021).By 2030,the overall amount of fish consumption will likely exceed the amount of fish production in China.

关键词： Aquatic environment Bioaccumulation Biomagnification Fish consumption Growth dilution effect Metal contamination Stable isotope ratio Trace elements Trophic levels

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Fluorescence imaging of Cu(Ⅰ) in endoplasmic reticulum of live cells and tissue

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第7期62卷 887-888页

作者： Xiaowen Yan X. chris Le Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G3 Canada

Copper (Cu) is an essential element to living organisms. The redox activity of Cu gives rise to redox cycling reactions between Cu^2+ and Cu^+. Organisms harness this redox cap? ability for their biological functions by tightly regulating copper homeostasis in the processes of cellular uptake, intracellular transport, protein loading and storage [1].

关键词： endoplasmic reticulum Copper (Cu) living organisms

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Highwall mining of thick,steeply dipping coal–A case study in geotechnical design and recovery optimization

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第5期29卷 777-780页

作者： chris Ross David Conover Jake Baine Agapito Associate Inc.GoldenCOUSA Westmoreland Kemmerer LLC Kemmerer MineKemmererUSA

Highwall mining of thick(up to 30.48 m)steeply dipping(20°or more)coal seams provides many chal lenges,both geotechnically and operationally,as seam dips near or in excess of highwall mining machine capabilities are *** coal recovery while maintaining highwall stability requires innovative techniques with regard to web and barrier pillar layout,depth of penetration,and choice of mining horizon within the *** of highwall mining slopes,openings,and pillarsare typically analyzed using the ARMPS-HWM program,as well as LAMODEL,UDEC and SLOPE/W *** stability can be maintained,and highwall mining production optimized by applying design cri-teria in creative ways,including alternating miner penetration depths and initiating mining of thick seams toward the bottom of the *** mining of thick,steeply dipping coal requires careful planning and execution,including close cooperation between geotechnical design engineers,the mining company,and the highwall mining *** paper describes the application of creative design techniques to a specific pit arrangement at the Westmoreland Kemmerer Mine,Kemmerer,*** mining was accomplished by UGM ADDCAR Systems,LLC on a contract basis.

关键词： mining thick optimization

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