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Single and multi domain buckled germanene phases on Al(111)surface

Nano Research 2019年第12期12卷 2988-2996页

作者： Dmitriy A.muzychenko Sergey I.Oreshkin Vladimir I.Panov chris Van Haesendonck Andrey I.Oreshkin Faculty of Physics Lomonosov Moscow State University119991 MoscowRussia Sternberg Astronomical Institute Lomonosov Moscow State University119234 MoscowRussia Solid-State Physics and magnetism Section KU LeuvenBE-3001 LeuvenBelgium

The simultaneous formati on of single domain(3×3)and multi domai n(√7×√7)R(±19.1°)germa nene phases on Al(111)surface in thesub-monolayer range was studied using seanning tunneling microscopy(STm)and density functional theory(DFT)based *** results revealed that both germa nene phases nu cleate and grow in dependently from each other and regardless of Al substratetemperature within significantly expanded range Ts=27-200℃.Our results unambiguously showed that STm images with hexagonalcontrast yield correct-resolved structure for both germanene phases,while honeycomb contrast is a result of an artificial tip-induced STm ***-principles calculations suggested atomic models with strongly buckled germanene(2×2)/Al(111)(3×3)and(√3×√3)R30°/Al(111)(√7×√7)R(±19.1°)with one of eight and one of six Ge atoms protruding upward respectively,that consistently describe the experimentally observed STm images both for single and multi domai n surface *** to the DFT based simulati ons both germa nene(2×2)and(√3×√3)R30°superstructures have a stretched lattice strain with respect to the ideal free-standing germa nene by 6.2%and 13.9%,***,numerous small domains separated by domain boundaries in the(√3×√3)R30°/Al(111)(√7×√7)R(±19.1°)germanenephase tend to reduce the surface energy and prevent the formation of extended single domains,in contrast to the(2×2)/Al(111)(3×3)***,our experimental results showed that the nucleation and growth of germa nene on Al(111)surface yield strong modifications of Alsurface even at room temperature(RT),which may be contributed to the formation of Al-Ge alloy due to Ge surface solid-states reactivitythat was ignored in recent *** is already evident from our present findings that the role of Al atoms in the formation of(3×3)and(√7×√7)R(±19.1°)germa nene phases is worthy to be carefully studied in the future,which could be an important knowledge for large-quantityfabrication of germane

关键词： germanene two-dimensional(2D)materials scanning tunneling microscopy density functional theory aluminum

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An augmented and interactive exhibition of an archived model for Frederick Kiesler's Endless House, 1959

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2022年第6期11卷 993-1006页

作者： Chantelle Niblock Laura mcGuire John Harding Gerd Zillner chris Hamill Andrew Whitney School of Natural and Built Environment Queens University of BelfastNorthern IrelandBT71NNUK School of Architecture University of Hawaii at MānoaHonoluluHI96822USA School of Architecture University of ReadingReadingBerkshireRG66URUK Austrian Frederick and Lillian Kiesler Private Foundation Mariahilfer Straße1060WienAustria Hotknife Digital media NottinghamNG13HDUK

This research explores the potential of an immersive and interactive online archive to enhance our understanding of historic architecture through the study of *** reports on implementing an augmented reality mobile application that exhibits a model for the unbuilt Endless House,1959,by Frederick Kiesler.A reflective critique,from the researcher’s point of view,and initial feedback from a small sample of architecture students,provides an insight into users’experience of the exhibition,its value as a research tool,and as an educational *** on existing technologies and established research methods,we present an alternative way of exhibiting a large-scaled model for public engagement and research collaboration between academics,archivists,and *** discuss the development of the mobile application with interactive features specifically designed for an architectural *** touches on issues associated with documenting,interpreting,and exhibiting architectural models,emphasizing accessibility,accuracy,engagement,combining 3D and 2D digital assets,and user *** was found that the interactive and immersive features of the exhibition enhanced the researchers’scope to spatially inspect the model,visually experience it,collaborate with others,and strengthen connections between the model and other examples of Kiesler’s textual and visual archival materials.

关键词： Augmented model Unbuilt architecture Frederick Kiesler Interactive exhibition Endless house

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Gastroenterology in developing countries:Issues and advances

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第23期15卷 2839-2854页

作者： Kate L mandeville Justus Krabshuis Nimzing Gwamzhi Ladep chris JJ mulder Eamonn mm Quigley Shahid A Khan Centre for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences University College London Hampstead Campus Royal Free Hospital London NW3 2PF United Kingdom Highland Data Les Charleix 24390 Tourtoirac Dordogne France Department of medicine University of Jos and Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Plateau State P.M.B. 2076 Nigeria Department of Gastroenterology VU University Medical Center Amsterdam 1081 HV Holland World Gastroenterology Organisation and Department of medicine National University of Ireland Cork University Hospital Clinical Sciences Building Wilton Cork Ireland Department of Hepatology and Gastro-enterology Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Campus London W2 1NY United Kingdom

Developing countries shoulder a considerable burden of gastroenterological disease. Infectious diseases in particular cause enormous morbidity and mortality. Diseases which afflict both western and developing countries are often seen in more florid forms in poorer countries. Innovative techniques continuously improve and update gastroenterological practice. However, advances in diagnosis and treatment which are commonplace in the West, have yet to reach many developing countries. Clinical guidelines, based on these advances and collated in resource-rich environments, lose their relevance outside these settings. In this two-part review, we first highlight the global burden of gastroenterological disease in three major areas： diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis B, and Helicobacter pylori. Recent progress in their management is explored, with consideration of future solutions. The second part of the review focuses on the delivery of clinical services in developing countries. Inadequate numbers of healthcare workers hamper efforts to combat gastroenterological disease. Reasons for this shortage are examined, along with possibilities for increased specialist training. Endoscopy services, the mainstay of gastroenterology in the West, are in their infancy in many developing countries. The challenges faced by those se^ing up a service are illustrated by the example of a Nigerian endoscopy unit. Finally, we highlight the limited scope of many clinical guidelines produced in western countries. Guidelines which take account of resource limitations in the form of ＂cascades＂ are advocated in order to make these guidelines truly global. Recognition of the different working conditions facing practitioners worldwide is an important step towards narrowing the gap between gastroenterology in rich and poor countries.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Developing countries Gastrointestinal diseases Health care delivery Practice guidelines

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Immunostimulation in the era of the metagenome

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 213-225页

作者： Amy D Proal Paul J Albert Greg P Blaney Inge A Lindseth chris Benediktsson Trevor G marshall murdoch University PerthWAAustralia Weill Cornell medical College New YorkNYUSA Stillpoint Centre VancouverBCCanada 4m-Klinikken OsloNorway Autoimmunity Research Foundation Thousand OaksCAUSA

microbes are increasingly being implicated in autoimmune *** calls for a re-evaluation of how these chronic inflammatory illnesses are routinely *** standard of care for autoimmune disease remains the use of medications that slow the immune response,while treatments aimed at eradicating microbes seek the exact opposite-stimulation of the innate immune *** is complicated by a cascade of sequelae,including exacerbated inflammation,which occurs in response to microbial *** the past 8 years,we have collaborated with American and international clinical professionals to research a model-based treatment for inflammatory *** intervention,designed to stimulate the innate immune response,has required a reevaluation of disease progression and *** is the inherent conflict between palliation and microbicidal *** microbicidal activity was experienced as immunopathology-a temporary worsening of *** studies are needed,but they will require careful planning to manage this immunopathology.

关键词： antimicrobial peptides autoimmune disease immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome immunopathology innate immunity metagenomics

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Likelihood of hospitalization for a chronic respiratory condition following pediatric infection with enterovirus and rhinovirus strains

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Infectious medicine 2022年第4期1卷 245-252页

作者： Charlotte Switzer chris PVerschoor Kenneth Gavina Dominik mertz Kathy Luinstra Jeffrey mPernica marek Smieja Dept.of Health methods Evaluation and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA Dept.of medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA Dept.of Pediatrics McMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA Dept.of Pathology and molecular medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonON CANADA Research Institute of St Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton HamiltonON CANADA Health Sciences North Research Institute SudburyON CANADA

Background:Rhino-enteroviruses,particularly enterovirus strain D68(EV-D68),have been associated with severe respiratory distress in *** goal of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of children with EV-D68 infection to that of children with other enterovirus/***:Nasopharyngeal swabs from 174 children presenting with respiratory distress were tested by PCR for respiratory *** primary outcome was diagnosis of a chronic respiratory condition within the followup *** to intensive care,and length of stay were *** ratios were determined using multinomial logistic ***:During 5 years of follow-up,the crude odds of diagnosis with a chronic respiratory condition were significantly more likely in EV-D68 cases(OR:1.95,95%CI:1.02,3.82),but failed to remain significant after adjusting for a past history of *** admission for a primary concern of asthma,length of stay both in hospital and intensive care were significantly longer in EV-D68 cases(OR:2.10[95%CI:1.56,2.82,pment for a history of asthma,EV-D68 cases had significantly longer length of stay in hospital,admitted for 1.94 days for each day that controls were admitted(95%CI:1.40,2.68).In admissions to intensive care,EV-D68 cases spent 2.74 days for each day of admission in controls(95%CI:1.62,4.97,pmes of patients infected with EV-D68 in *** study finds that EV-D68 cases were significantly more likely be hospitalized for longer than other enterovirus/rhinovirus controls in subsequent admissions for respiratory *** for intensive care was significantly longer in EV-D68 *** next steps will be validation in a larger sample size.

关键词： Enterovirus-D68 Pediatric infectious disease Respiratory infection Asthma

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modelling the long-term geomorphic response to check dam failures in an alpine channel with CAESAR-Lisflood

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2022年第5期37卷 687-700页

作者： Jorge Alberto Ramirez mirjam mertin Nadav Peleg Pascal Horton chris Skinner markus Zimmermann margreth Keiler Institute of Geography University of Bern Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of Bern Institute of Environmental Engineering ETH Zurich Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics University of Lausanne Energy and Environment Institute University of Hull Department of Geography University of Innsbruck Institute for Interdisciplinary mountain Research Austrian Academy of Sciences

Globally, between 1950 and 2011 nearly 80,000 debris flow fatalities occurred in densely populated regions in mountainous terrain. mitigation of these hazards includes the construction of check dams,which limit coarse sediment transport and in the European Alps number in the 100,000s. Check dam functionality depends on periodic, costly maintenance, but maintenance is not always possible and check dams often fail. As such, there is a need to quantify the long-term(10-100 years) geomorphic response of rivers to check dam failures. Here, for the first time, a landscape evolution model(CAESARLisflood) driven by a weather generator is used to replicate check dam failures due to the lack of maintenance, check dam age, and flood occurrence. The model is applied to the Guerbe River,Switzerland, a pre-Alpine catchment containing 73 check dams that undergo simulated failure. Also presented is a novel method to calibrate CAESAR-Lisflood?s hydrological component on this ungauged catchment. Using 100-year scenarios of check dam failure, the model indicates that check dam failures can produce 8 m of channel erosion and a 322% increase in sediment yield. The model suggests that after check dam failure, channel erosion is the remobilization of deposits accumulated behind check dams, and, after a single check dam failure channel equilibrium occurs in five years, but after many check dam failures channel equilibrium may not occur until 15 years. Overall, these findings support the continued maintenance of check dams.

关键词： Landscape evolution model Check dam failure Weather generator Natural hazards

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Engineered to Go Fast, maglev Trains Inch Forward

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Engineering 2021年第7期7卷 891-893页

作者： chris Palmer Senior Technology Writer

In January 2021,a prototype of a high-temperature superconducting(HTS),magnetic levitation—“maglev”—train with an intended maximum speed of 620 kmh1 rolled onto a 165 m track for its first public viewing in Chengdu,the capital city of Sichuan Province,China[1].Built of lightweight carbon fiber,the 21 m long aerodynamic locomotive and its test track represent an important move forward for China’s high-speed rail future.“While the HTS technology is not a huge innovation,the big news is that they are really working toward building it,”said Tsung-Chung Kao,professor of engineering at Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and an expert in high-speed rail planning,engineering,and operation.

关键词： Engine Forward lightweight

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Seasonal Forecasts of the Summer 2016 Yangtze River Basin Rainfall

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第8期35卷 22-30页

作者： Philip E. BETT Adam A. SCAIFE Chaofan LI chris HEWITT Nicola GOLDING Peiqun ZHANG Nick DUNSTONE Doug m. SmITH Hazel E. THORNTON Riyu LU Hong-Li REN met Office Hadley Centre FitzRoy Road Exeter EX1 3PB UK College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter Devon EX4 4QF UK Center for monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The Yangtze River has been subject to heavy flooding throughout history, and in recent times severe floods such as those in 1998 have resulted in heavy loss of life and livelihoods. Dams along the river help to manage flood waters, and are important sources of electricity for the region. Being able to forecast high-impact events at long lead times therefore has enormous potential benefit. Recent improvements in seasonal forecasting mean that dynamical climate models can start to be used directly for operational services. The teleconnection from E1 Nifio to Yangtze River basin rainfall meant that the strong E1 Nifio in winter 2015/16 provided a valuable opportunity to test the application of a dynamical forecast system. This paper therefore presents a case study of a real-time seasonal forecast for the Yangtze River basin, building on previous work demonstrating the retrospective skill of such a forecast. A simple forecasting methodology is presented, in which the forecast probabilities are derived from the historical relationship between hindcast and observations. Its performance for 2016 is discussed. The heavy rainfall in the may-June-July period was correctly forecast well in advance. August saw anomalously low rainfall, and the forecasts for the June-July-August period correctly showed closer to average levels. The forecasts contributed to the confidence of decision-makers across the Yangtze River basin. Trials of climate services such as this help to promote appropriate use of seasonal forecasts, and highlight areas for future improvements.

关键词： seasonal forecasting flood forecasting Yangtze basin rainfall ENSO hydroelectricity

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No evidence for enzootic plague within black-tailed prairie dog(Cynomys ludovicianus)populations

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 834-851页

作者： Rebecca E.COLmAN R.Jory BRINKERHOFF Joseph D.BUSCH chris RAY Adina DOYLE Jason W.SAHL Paul KEIm Sharon K.COLLINGE David m.WAGNER Pathogen and microbiome Institute Northern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA Environmental Studies Program University of Colorado at BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA

Yersinia pestis,causative agent of plague,occurs throughout the western United States in rodent populations and periodically causes epizootics in susceptible species,including black-tailed prairie dogs(Cynomys ludovicianus).How *** persists long-term in the environment between these epizootics is poorly understood but multiple mechanisms have been proposed,including,among others,a separate enzootic transmission cycle that maintains *** without involvement of epizootic hosts and persistence of *** within epizootic host populations without causing high mortality within those *** live-trapped and collected fleas from black-tailed prairie dogs and other mammal species from sites with and without black-tailed prairie dogs in 2004 and 2005 and tested all fleas for presence of *** was not detected in 2126 fleas collected in 2004 but was detected in 294 fleas collected from multiple sites in 2005,before and during a widespread epizootic that drastically reduced black-tailed prairie dog populations in the affected *** and spatial patterns of *** occurrence in fleas and genotyping of *** present in some infected fleas suggest *** was introduced multiple times from sources outside the study area and once introduced,was dispersed between several *** conclude *** likely was not present in these black-tailed prairie dog colonies prior to epizootic activity in these *** we did not identify likely enzootic hosts,we found evidence that deer mice(Peromyscus maniculatus)may serve as bridging hosts for *** between unknown enzootic hosts and black-tailed prairie dogs.

关键词： black-tailed prairie dog Cynomys ludovicianus plague prairie dogs Yersinia pestis

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The Effects of a Unilateral Strength and Power Training Intervention on Inter-Limb Asymmetry and Physical Performance in male Amateur Soccer Players

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第4期5卷 328-339页

作者： Francesco Bettariga Luca maestroni Luca martorelli Paul Jarvis Anthony Turner chris Bishop StudioErre Via della Badia1825127 Brescia(BS)Italy School of medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupAustralia School of Science and Technology London Sport InstituteMiddlesex UniversityGreenlands LaneLondonUK ReAct Via Madonna della Neve 2424121 BergamoBGItaly

The aims of this study were(a)to investigate the effects of a unilateral training program in reducing inter-limb asymmetry in male soccer players;(b)to explore such effects on measures of physical performance and unilateral inter-limb ***-four soccer players,randomly assigned to a 6-week unilateral strength and power training(UNI)(n=12)or a control group(CON)(n=12),performed single countermovement jump(SLCmJ),single leg broad jump(SLBJ),single leg drop jump(SLDJ),10-m sprint,and 505 change of direction(COD)speed *** jump scores revealed small to large improve-ments in SLCmJ,SLBJ,and SLDJ reactive strength index(RSI)(g=0.46 to 1.66)in the UNI group,whereas negligible changes were found in the CON group(g=−0.31 to 0.33).Asymmetry indexes showed a moderate significant reduction in the SLDJ(RSI)and in the SLDJ stiffness(K)(g=1.00 to 1.11)in the UNI *** between-group comparison indicated a significant change in the SLDJ(RSI)and in the SLDJ(K)(g=1.01 to 1.07)in favour of the UNI ***,a unilateral training program seems to be able to reduce between-limb imbalances and foster improvements in jump performance,without any detrimental effects on linear or COD speed *** the importance of these physical characteristics for soccer,it is suggested that unilateral strength and power training are incorporated into strength training routines for players of all levels.

关键词： Inter-limb asymmetry Training program intervention Between-limb differences Resistance training Plyometrics Football Physical performance

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