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Particuology 2013年第1期11卷 63-69页

作者： Ningning Zhang Junji Cao Hongmei Xu chongshu zhu Key Laboratory of Aerosol Science & Technology SKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Cryspheric Science Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong University

PM2.5 and total suspended particulate （TSP） samples were collected at Lijiang, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Sixteen elements （Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Ti, Fe, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Sb, Pb and Cu） were analyzed to investigate their elemental compositions during the pre-monsoon period. The results showed that Ca was the most abundant element in both PM2.5 and TSP samples. The enrichment factors （EFs） ofSi, Ti, Ca, Fe, K and Mn were all below 10 for both PM2.5 and TSP, and these elements also had lower PM2.5/TSP ratios （0.32-0.34）, suggesting that they were mainly derived from crustal sources. Elements Cu, Zn, S, Br and Sb showed strong enrichment in PM2.5 and TSP samples, with their PM2.5/TSP ratios ranging from 0.66 to 0.97, indicating that they were enriched in the fine fractions and influenced by anthropogenic sources. Analysis of the wind field at 500 hPa and calculations of back trajectories indicated that Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn and Fe can be influenced by transport from northwestern China during the dust-storm season, and that S, K, Ni, Br and Pb reached high concentrations during westerly transport from south Asia. Combined with the principle component analysis and correlation analysis, elements of PM2.5 samples were mainly from crustal sources, biomass burning emissions and regional traffic-related sources.

关键词： Elements Enrichment factors Pre-monsoon Lijiang

Light attenuation cross-section of black carbon in an urban atmosphere in northern China

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 89-95页

作者： Junji Cao chongshu zhu Kinfai Ho Yongming Han Zhenxing Shen Changlin Zhan Jiaquan Zhang Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong University The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Environmental Science and Engineering Hubei Polytechnic UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation

Fine particulate matter （PM2.5） samples were collected over two years in Xi＇an, China to investigate the relationships between the aerosol composition and the light absorption efficiency of black carbon （BC）. Real-time light attenuation of BC at 880 nm was measured with an aethalometer. The mass concentrations and elemental carbon （EC） contents of PM2.5 were obtained, and light attenuation cross-sections （σATN） of PM2.5 BC were derived. The mass of EC contributed -5% to PM2.5 on average. BC σATN exhibited pronounced seasonal variability with values averaging 18.6, 24.2,16.4, and 26.0 m^2/g for the spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, while averaging 23.0 m^2/g overall. σATN varied inversely with the ratios of EC/PM2.5, EC/[SO4^2- ], and EC/[NO3-]. This study of the variability in σATN illustrates the complexity of the interactions among the aerosol constituents in northern China and documents certain effects of the high EC, dust, sulfate and nitrate loadings on light attenuation.

关键词： Light attenuation cross-section Elemental carbon Dust Xi＇an

Development of source profiles and their application in source apportionment of PM2.5 in Xiamen, China

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 177-189页

作者： Ningning Zhang Mazhan zhuang Jie Tian Pengshan Tian Jieru Zhang Qiyuan Wang Yaqing Zhou Rujin Huang chongshu zhu Xuemin Zhang Junji Cao Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710061 China Xiamen Environmental Monitoring Central Station Xiamen 361012 China IER Environmental Protection Engineering Technique Co. Ltd. Shenzhen 518055 China Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) 5232 Villigen Switzerland Centre for Atmospheric and Environmental Studies Xiamen Huaxia University Xiamen 361024 China Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Ambient PM2.5 samples were collected at four sites in Xiamen, including Gulangyu （GLY）. Hongwen （HW）, Huli （HL） and Jimei （JM） during January, April, July and October 2013. Local source samples were obtained from coal burning power plants, industries, motor vehicles, biomass burning, fugitive dust, and sea salt for the source apportionment studies. The highest value of PM2.5 mass concentration and species related to human activities （SO42- , NO3 , Pb, Ni, V, Cu, Cd, organic carbon （OC） andelemental carbon （EC）） were found in the ambient-samples from HL, and t-he highest and lowest loadings of PM2.5 and its components occurred in winter and summer, respectively. The reconstructed mass balance indicated that ambient PM2.5 consisted of 24% OM （organic matter）, 23% sulfate, 14% nitrate, 9% ammonium, 9% geological material, 6% sea salt, 5% EC and 10% others. For the source profiles, the dominant components were OC for coal burning, motor vehicle, biomass burning and sea salt; SO42 for industry; and crustal elements for fugitive dust. Source contributions were calculatedusing a chemical mass＇balance （CMB） model basedon ambient PM2.5 concentrations and the source profiles. GLY was characterized by high contributions from secondary sulfate and cooking, while HL and JM were most strongly affected by motor vehicle emissions, and biomass burning and fugitivedust, respectively. The CMB results-indicated that PM2.5 from Xiamen is composed of 27.4% secondary inorganic components, 20.8% motor vehicle emissions, 11.7% fugitive dust, 9.9% sea salt, 9.3% coal burning, 5.0% biomass burning, 3.1% industry and 6.8% others.

关键词： PM2.5 Source profile Source apportionment CMB Xiamen

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人为管控下典型城市空气质量及经济指标特征

环境科学与技术 2024年第S1期47卷 118-126页

作者：周岳屈垚张勇刘卉昆师菊莲朱崇抒中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室中国科学院气溶胶化学与物理重点实验室陕西西安710061 中国科学院第四纪科学与全球变化卓越创新中心陕西西安710061 西安地球环境创新研究院陕西西安710061 陕西关中平原区域生态环境变化与综合治理国家野外科学观测研究站陕西西安710061 陕西省大气污染与雾霾防治重点实验室陕西西安710061

为探讨中国典型城市在极端人为源管控条件下空气质量和产业特征,文章分析了2018-2020年1-5月武汉、北京、上海、广州、西安、成都和拉萨等7个城市空气质量及产业发展指标;同比了极端人为管控期大气污染物浓度及经济产业指标变化特征。... 详细信息

为探讨中国典型城市在极端人为源管控条件下空气质量和产业特征,文章分析了2018-2020年1-5月武汉、北京、上海、广州、西安、成都和拉萨等7个城市空气质量及产业发展指标;同比了极端人为管控期大气污染物浓度及经济产业指标变化特征。结果表明:受极端人为管控影响,管控期各污染物浓度同比、环比均出现显著降低,其中NO_(2)浓度环比下降幅度最大,约为50%,其次是PM_(2.5)和PM_(10),百分比为30%~40%。但O_(3)浓度总体呈现上升趋势,未来需进一步采取措施,加强PM_(2.5)和O_(3)协同控制,推动城市空气质量持续改善。各城市不同管控力度对大气污染浓度变化有显著影响。此外,对比了2020年第一和第二季度3类产业发展状况,北京、广州、西安和成都均为第一产业产值恢复速度较快,第三产业增长率最慢为10%;同比3类产业表明管控措施对第二产业影响较大。

关键词：空气质量大气污染特征产业结构人为源管控

DISTRIBUTION OF CARBONACEOUS AEROSOL DURING SPRING 2005 OVER THE HORQIN SANDLAND IN NORTHEASTERN CHINA

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China Particuology 2006年第6期4卷 316-322页

作者： Xuxiang Li Zhenxing Shen Junji Cao Suixin Liu chongshu zhu Ting Zhang Department of Environmental Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China

The objective of this study was to characterize the elemental carbon and organic carbon （EC and OC, respectively） content of aerosol particles （PM2.5） collected at Tongliao, a site in the Horqin Sandland of northeastern China. During spring 2005, the PM2.5 mass concentration was 126±71 μg·m^-3, with higher dust concentrations during five dust storms than on non-dusty days （255±77 vs. 106±44 μg·m^-3）. The average OC and EC concentrations in PM2.5 determined by a thermal/optical reflectance method were 15.7±7,3 μg·m^-3 and 3.3±1.7 μg·m^-3, respectively, and carbonaceous aerosol accounted for 9.9% of the PM2.5 mass during dust storms compared to 21.7% on normal days. The average ratios of OC to EC during dust storms were similar to those on non-dusty days, and the correlation coefficient between OC and EC was high, 0.86. The high OC/EC ratios, the distributions of eight carbon fractions, and the strong relationship between K with OC and EC indicate that rural biomass burning was the dominant contributor to the regional carbonaceous aerosol.

关键词： dust storm organic carbon elemental carbon Horqin

Optical properties of Rural Brown Carbon in Northwestern China

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Optical properties of Rural Brown Carbon in Northwestern Chi...

Chemical profiles of urban fugitive dust particles in major cites in Northern China

第十五届海峡两岸气胶技术研讨会

作者： chongshu zhu Junji Cao Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics SKLLQGInstitute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences

Optical properties of water and methanol extracted brown carbon(Br C) were investigated in the rural sites(including Huxian and Ankang) of Shaanxi,China.Light absorption coefficient(babs),absorption ? ngstr?m exponent(AAE),and mass absorption coefficient(MAC) of Br C in PM samples were obtained.The average water extracted Br C Babs,365 nm were 4.8 ± 3.0 Mm and 48.0 ± 26.3 Mm in summer and winter for Huxian,respectively.Those of methanol extracted Br C Babs,365 nm were 6.8 ± 1.7 Mm and 98.7 ± 22.0 Mm in summer and winter,respectively.Winter Babs,365 nm were 10.8 ± 6.0 Mm and 24.0 ± 13.6 Mm for water and methanol extracted Br C of Ankang samples,respectively.The ratios of Br C Babs-Water/Babs-Methanol were 0.63(Huxian,summer),0.48(Huxian,winter) and 0.45(Ankang,winter),respectively.Water extracted Br C AAE values(300-500 nm) were 6.4 ± 0.9 and 5.2 ± 0.6 during summer and winter for Huxian,respectively.Higher methanol extracted Br C AAE values were obtained with 6.6 ± 0.7 and 5.4 ± 0.7 during summer and winter,respectively.In Ankang,water and methanol extracted Br C AAE values were 5.0 ± 0.4 and 6.7 ± 0.7,respectively.The values of methanol extracted Br C MAE365 nm were 0.8 ± 0.3 m/g(Huxian,summer),1.3 ± 0.5 m/g(Huxian,winter),and 1.8 ± 0.6 m/g(Ankang,winter),respectively.The differences of optical properties indicated the temporal and spatial variation of Br C sources and formation mechanism.Biomass burning for rural heating in Guanzhong Plain was known to be an important source of Br C.Therefore,controlling rural biomass burning activities could be an efficient strategy for improving the air quality.This study underlines the absorption contribution of Br C in rural site compared to urban area in northwestern China.

关键词： brown carbon light absorption mass absorption efficiency

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Chemical profiles of urban fugitive dust particles in major ...

Chemical characterization, optical properties and potential sources of PM2.5 during winter and summer haze episodes in Xi'an, northwest of China

第八届全国大气细及超细粒子技术研讨会暨PM_(2.5)...

作者： Jian Sun Zhenxing Shen Junji Cao Leiming Zhang Suixin Liu Qian Zhang Yali Lei Jiyang Zhou R.-J.Huang chongshu zhu Hongmei Xu Chunli Zheng Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Air Quality Research Division Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies Ryan Institute National University of Ireland Galway

Urban fugitive dust samplings were collected in 11 selected cities from north China and the ion and elemental composition were determined. The results showed that averagely total water soluble ions occupied 9.32% and 10.07% in road dust and construction dust, indicating that most of the materials in urban fugitive dust samples were insoluble. Ca was the most abundant cation and CO was calculated to be the dominant anion in all fugitive samples, with occupancy over 50% respectively, while SO(2-) and NO levels were negligible when compared with urban aerosol samples. Elemental profiles showed that Ca, Si, Al and Fe were the most abundant elements in urban fugitive dust which were derived from crustal matter. In contrast, Pb, Zn, Cl and S, from anthropogenic sources, showed a higher proportion in NWC than the other regions and these high proportions were proved to be derived from vehicle emission. High Ca/Al and Fe/Al ratio were detected to be new markers for distinguishing fugitive dust from soil and loess. Furthermore, this study offer a new series of marker elements for distinguishing urban road dust from construction dust in receptor models for source appointment, namely Al, Sb and NO for road dust and Ca, Mg and Na+ for construction dust, and these marker series could also help to distinguish urban fugitive dust from different regions over the world.

关键词： Fugitive dust chemical components water soluble ions tracer element source appointment

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Chemical characterization, optical properties and potential ...

第十三届全国气溶胶会议

作者： Qian Zhang Zhenxing Shen Leiming Zhang Yali Lei Yaling Zeng Tian Zhang Xuesong Gong Zhi Ning Dane Westerdahl Yu Huang zhuzi Zhao chongshu zhu Hongmei Xu Qiyuan Wang Junji Cao Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry&Physics Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of Sciences School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong

The study was conducted to investigate the nature of associations between PM, and various gas pollutants and other factors that impact haze during 1-31 July and 1-31 December in 2014, at the urban site Xi’an, China.The meteorological parameters, chemical composition and concentration of PM and gaseous pollutants(CO, NO, SO and O), were analyzed both online and offline under four periods(winter haze(WH), winter non-haze(WNH), summer haze(SH) and summer non-haze(SNH)).The average PM concentration was 292.53 μg·m during WH periods, which was 2.6, 5.0 and 9.2 times of those during the WNH(112.53 μg·m), SH(58.63 μg·m) and SNH(31.85 μg·m) periods, respectively.Secondary inorganic aerosol(SIA, i.e., SO, NO, and NH) accounted for high fraction of PM during WH(32.2%) and SH(44.8%) periods, respectively.Our results have shown distinctive seasonality for haze PM optical properties and their formations.WH visibility showed strongly negative correlation with PM concentrations(R=-0.93, P<0.001) and thus the highest chemical light-extinction(b) values(1019.2 Mm) were calculated on WH days, which was in relation to high relative humidity(RH=66.43%)), low wind speed(WS=2.93 m·s) and abundant primary emissions.Good dispersion conditions(hot temperature and high WS) and high O level emphasizes that SH PM favored to photochemical reactions under the low levels of precursor gases(NO, SO and CO) conditions.For light extinctions, PM SIA was the dominated contributor to SH light-extinction coefficient(b) whereas the sum of OM and EC predominated in WH b.Case studies of the diurnal pattern of UV light absorption coefficients(b) and Infrared light absorption coefficients(b) during haze episodes, showing that black carbon(BC) lead to heavier visibility deduction during rush hours, whereas, the abundant brown carbon(BrC) can be mainly attributed to secondary formations, such as SH BrC at noon was generally rose via photochemical-SOC while WH BrC peaked at 19:00-20:00 due to aqueous-SOC.

关键词： summer and winter haze and non-haze optical characteristics source profiles

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西安黑碳气溶胶的污染特征及其成因分析

中国粉体技术 2009年第2期15卷 66-71页

作者：朱崇抒曹军骥沈振兴刘随心中国科学院地球环境研究所陕西西安710075 中国科学院研究生院北京100039 西安交通大学环境科学与工程系陕西西安710049

对2006年3月～2007年2月在西安获得的黑碳气溶胶观测资料及相关气象资料进行分析。结果表明，西安黑碳气溶胶浓度变化幅度很大，全年黑碳日均浓度变化范围为1400～30000ng·m^-3，平均值为10000ng·m^-3。在春、秋、冬3季其浓度日变化... 详细信息

对2006年3月～2007年2月在西安获得的黑碳气溶胶观测资料及相关气象资料进行分析。结果表明，西安黑碳气溶胶浓度变化幅度很大，全年黑碳日均浓度变化范围为1400～30000ng·m^-3，平均值为10000ng·m^-3。在春、秋、冬3季其浓度日变化具有明显的双峰特征。西安市黑碳浓度秋、冬季节的月份高，春、夏月份低。黑碳季节平均浓度分别为春季9400ng·m^-3，夏季为7100ng·m^-3，秋季12000ng·m^-3，冬季11900ng·m^-3。黑碳浓度的频次分布表明低浓度值在春季和夏季所占比例大大高于秋、冬季节。研究发现气象要素（风速和混合层高度）对黑碳浓度有重要的影响。

关键词：黑碳气溶胶影响因素

西安市春季大气细粒子的质量浓度及其水溶性组分的特征

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生态环境 2007年第4期16卷 1193-1198页

作者：沈振兴李丽珍杜娜张婷曹军骥李旭祥朱崇书西安交通大学环境科学与工程系陕西西安710049 中国科学院地球环境研究所//黄土与第四纪国家重点实验室陕西西安710075

为了探讨西安市春季大气细粒污染物的污染水平及水溶性组分的特征及来源,2005年3—5月对西安大气PM2.5进行了观测,并应用离子色谱对其中的水溶性组分进行了分析。结果显示,西安市春季大气PM2.5的质量浓度为159.9μg·m-3。分析的11种阴... 详细信息

为了探讨西安市春季大气细粒污染物的污染水平及水溶性组分的特征及来源,2005年3—5月对西安大气PM2.5进行了观测,并应用离子色谱对其中的水溶性组分进行了分析。结果显示,西安市春季大气PM2.5的质量浓度为159.9μg·m-3。分析的11种阴阳离子(Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、F-、Cl-、Br-、NO2-、NO3-和SO42-)质量浓度占PM2.5的30%,表明水溶性组分是大气细粒子的主要组成之一。NH4+、SO42-和NO3-为水溶性离子的主要组分,其平均质量浓度分别为6.6、20.1和7.6μg·m-3,在总水溶性离子中的百分比分别为12.4%、47.4%和16.9%,SO42-和NO3-质量浓度与能见度有较好的负相关性,表明细粒子中二次气溶胶组分对能见度有显著的影响。阴阳离子的平衡和pH值的测定结果显示,西安市大气细粒子污染物为弱酸性。离子间的相关性分析揭示水溶性离子在颗粒物中主要结合方式为(NH4)2SO4、NH4HSO4、NH4NO3、KHSO4和K2SO4。Mg2+和Ca2+的相关性也较好,其摩尔比率为0.07,小于中国北方沙漠和黄土的平均值(0.15),揭示二次扬尘和建筑扬尘等过程对Ca2+的质量浓度影响较大。计算的NO3-/SO42-质量浓度比值的均值为0.38,说明固定排放源(燃煤)对细粒子中水溶性组分的贡献大于移动排放源(机动车)。

关键词：水溶性离子阴阳离子平衡二次颗粒物