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Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 917-935页

作者： Dian Jiao Lai xu Zhen Gu Hua Yan Dingding Shen Xiaosong Gu Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University NantongJiangsu ProvinceChina

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological *** regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of *** pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota *** results are lacking for conventional treatments for *** resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with ***-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of *** also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current *** studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic ***,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being ***,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

关键词： diagnosis drug treatment electroencephalography epilepsy monitoring epilepsy nerve regeneration neurostimulation non-drug interventions pathogenesis prediction

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BDNF improves axon transportation and rescues visual function in a rodent model of acute elevation of intraocular pressure

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第9期63卷 1337-1346页

作者： rui Du xu Wang Shigang He School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Natural Sciences Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Bio-X Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Optic neuropathies lead to blindness;the common pathology is the degeneration of axons of the retinal ganglion cells. In this study, we used a rat model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion and a one-time intravitreal brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)injection;then we examined axon transportation function, continuity, physical presence of axons in different part of the optic nerve, and the expression level of proteins involved in axon transportation. We found that in the disease model, axon transportation was the most severely affected, followed by axon continuity, then the number of axons in the distal and proximal optic nerve. BDNF treatment relieved all reductions and significantly restored function. The molecular changes were more minor,probably due to massive gliosis of the optic nerve, so interpretation of protein expression data should be done with some *** process in this acute model resembles a fast-forward of changes in the chronic model of glaucoma. Therefore, impairment in axon transportation appears to be a common early process underlying different optic neuropathies. This research on effective intervention can be used to develop interventions for all optic neuropathies targeting axon transportation.

关键词： acute elevation of IOP axon transportation axon continuity visual acuity contrast sensitivity rat

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Modelling Hydrological Consequences of Climate Change—Progress and Challenges

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第6期22卷 789-797页

作者： chong-yu xu Elin WIDEN Sven HALLDIN Department of Geosciences University of Oslo P. O. Box 1047 Blindern N-0316 Oslo Norway Department of Earth Sciences Uppsala University Villavagen 16 S-75236 Uppsala Sweden Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The simulation of hydrological consequences of climate change has received increasing attention from the hydrology and land-surface modelling communities. There have been many studies of climate-change effects on hydrology and water resources which usually consist of three steps：（1） use of general circulation models （GCMs） to provide future global climate scenarios under the effect of increasing greenhouse gases, （2） use of downscaling techniques （both nested regional climate models, RCMs, and statistical methods） for ＂downscaling＂ the GCM output to the scales compatible with hydrological models, and （3） use of hydrologic models to simulate the effects of climate change on hydrological regimes at various scales. Great progress has been achieved in all three steps during the past few years, however, large uncertainties still exist in every stage of such study. This paper first reviews the present achievements in this field and then discusses the challenges for future studies of the hydrological impacts of climate change.

关键词： climate change water-resources assessment water balance regional scale hydrological models review

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On a composition of subfactors with group subfactors

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Science China Mathematics 2021年第2期64卷 373-384页

作者： Xiaoyu Hu rui Shi Feng xu School of Mathematical Sciences Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Department of Mathematics Foshan UniversityFoshan 528225China Department of Mathematics University of California at RiversideRiversideCA 92521USA

Let M be a typeⅡ1 factor,G be a finite group,and N■M be an irreducible subfactor of finite *** prove that the composed lattice of the intermediate subfactor lattice for the inclusion N■M and the subgroup lattice of G can be realized as an intermediate subfactor lattice of a certain composed subfactor of finite index,and this subfactor also has finite depth when N■M has finite depth.

关键词： subfactor typeⅡ1 factor lattice

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Quantum Signature of Classical Chaos in a Lipkin Model:Sensitivity of Eigenfunctions to Parameter Perturbations

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Chinese Physics Letters 1996年第5期13卷 329-332页

作者： XIE rui-hua xu Gong-ou Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008 Department of Modern Physics Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000 National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator Lanzhou 730000 Institute of Nuclear Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800 National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008

In this paper,xve have studied the properties of eigenfunctions in a three-level Lipkin model whose classical counterpart can exhibit classical *** the regime of classical chaotic motions,sensitivity of eigenfunctions... 详细信息

关键词： chaos. Lipkin Chaos

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Induced neural stem cells regulate microglial activation through Akt-mediated upregulation of CXCR4 and Crry in a mouse model of closed head injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1416-1430页

作者： Mou Gao Qin Dong Dan Zou Zhijun Yang Lili Guo Ruxiang xu Department of Neurosurgery Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalSchool of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Neurology Fu Xing HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Microglial activation that occurs rapidly after closed head injury may play important and complex roles in neuroinflammation-associated neuronal damage and *** previously reported that induced neural stem cells can modulate the behavior of activated microglia via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling,influencing their activation such that they can promote neurological ***,the mechanism of CXCR4 upregulation in induced neural stem cells remains *** this study,we found that nuclear factor-κB activation induced by closed head injury mouse serum in microglia promoted CXCL12 and tumor necrosis factor-αexpression but suppressed insulin-like growth factor-1 ***,recombinant complement receptor 2-conjugated Crry(CR2-Crry)reduced the effects of closed head injury mouse serum-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in microglia and the levels of activated microglia,CXCL12,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Additionally,we observed that,in response to stimulation(including stimulation by CXCL12 secreted by activated microglia),CXCR4 and Crry levels can be upregulated in induced neural stem cells via the interplay among CXCL12/CXCR4,Crry,and Akt signaling to modulate microglial *** agreement with these in vitro experimental results,we found that Akt activation enhanced the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cell grafts on microglial activation,leading to the promotion of neurological recovery via insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion and the neuroprotective effects of induced neural stem cell grafts through CXCR4 and Crry upregulation in the injured cortices of closed head injury ***,these beneficial effects of Akt activation in induced neural stem cells were positively correlated with the therapeutic effects of induced neural stem cells on neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders post–closed head *** conclusion,our findings reveal that Akt activation may enhance the immunoregulatory effects of induced neura

关键词： Akt signaling cerebral edema closed head injury Crry CXCR4 induced neural stem cell microglia neuroinflammation

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On the Number of Irreducible Characters in a 3-block with a Minimal Nonabelian Defect Group

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2017年第9期33卷 1267-1274页

作者： Sheng YANG Sheng GAO chong Bin xu Department of Mathematics Wenzhou University Department of Mathematics Hefei University of Technology

Let B be a 3-block of a finite group G with a defect group D. In this paper, we are mainly concerned with the number of characters in a particular block, so we shall use Isaacs＇ approach to block structure. We consider the block B of a group G as a union of two sets, namely a set of irreducible ordinary characters of G having cardinality k（B） and a set of irreducible Brauer characters of G having cardinality l（B）. We calculate k（B） and l（B） provided that D is normal in G and D = （x, y, z｜x3n=y3m = z3 = [x, z] = [y, z] = 1, [x, y] = z）（n 〉 m 〉 2）.

关键词： Characters blocks defect groups inertial groups

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Characterization of Prealloyed Ti–6Al–4V Powders from EIGA and PREP Process and Mechanical Properties of HIPed Powder Compacts

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2017年第8期30卷 735-744页

作者： rui-Peng Guo Lei xu Bernie Ya-Ping Zong rui Yang School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang 110819 China Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016 China Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Ministry of Education Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819 China

Prealloyed Ti-6Al-4V powders were prepared by electrode induction melting gas atomization （EIGA） and plasma rotating electrode process （PREP） in this work. A comparative study of EIGA and PREP powders for hot isostatic pressing （HIPing） compaction was conducted. Characterization of important technological parameters such as particle size distribution, powder surface morphology and flowability was carried out. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti- 6Al-4V powder compacts HIPed from EIGA and PREP powders were also investigated. The results showed that the EIGA powder has a finer average particle size and higher tap density, while the PREP powder has better flowability and less pores. Micropores can be observed in heat-treated EIGA powder compacts by X-ray tomography and the porosity was found to be about 0.02%. There are no micropores （≥4 μm） to be detected in heat-treated PREP powder compacts. Transgranular fracture mode as well as micropores contributes to the scatter in fatigue property of heat-treated PREP powder compacts. The respective advantages and disadvantages of both EIGA and PREP powders for producing Ti-based complex parts through HIPing were also discussed.

关键词： Ti-6Al-4V Prealloyed powder Hot isostatic pressing Near-net shape forming

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Smyd1 is essential for myosin expression and sarcomere organization in craniofacial,extraocular,and cardiac muscles

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第3期48卷 208-218页

作者： Shuang Jiao rui xu Shaojun Du Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21202USA Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Center for Ocean Mega-ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China School of Life Sciences Shandong University of TechnologyZibo 255049China

Skeletal and cardiac muscles are striated myofibers that contain highly organized sarcomeres for muscle *** studies revealed that Smyd1,a lysine methyltransferase,plays a key role in sarcomere assembly in heart and trunk skeletal ***,Smyd1 expression and function in craniofacial muscles are not ***,we analyze the developmental expression and function of two smyd1 paralogous genes,smyd1 a and smyd1 b,in craniofacial and cardiac muscles of zebrafish *** data show that loss of smyd1a(smyd1a^(mb5))or smyd1b(smyd1b^(sa15678))has no visible effects on myogenic commitment and expression of myod and myosin heavy-chain m RNA transcripts in craniofacial ***,myosin heavy-chain protein accumulation and sarcomere organization are dramatically reduced in smyd1b^(sa15678) single mutant,and almost completely diminish in smyd1a^(mb5);smyd1b^(sa15678) double mutant,but not in smyd1a^(mb5) *** defects are also observed in cardiac muscles of smyd1b^(sa15678) *** craniofacial and cardiac muscle formation is associated with an upregulation of hsp90α1 and unc45b mRNA expression in smyd1b^(sa15678) and smyd1a^(mb5);smyd1b^(sa15678) ***,our studies indicate that Smyd1b,but not Smyd1a,plays a key role in myosin heavy-chain protein expression and sarcomere organization in craniofacial and cardiac *** of smyd1b results in muscle-specific stress response.

关键词： Smyd1 Myosin Sarcomere Craniofacial muscle Cardiac muscle

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Decomposition and Evolution of Intracontinental Strike-Slip Faults in Eastern Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第2期87卷 304-317页

作者： YAO Qi xu Xiwei XING Huilin xu chong WANG Xiaohui Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Volcano Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration China Earthquake Networks Center Earth systems Science Computational Centre (ESSCC) The University of Queensland School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University

Little attention had been paid to the intracontinental strike-slip faults of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the Longriba fault using re-measured GPS data in 2003, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this neglected fault. The local relief and transverse swath profile show that the Longriba fault is the boundary line that separates the high and flat tomography of the Tibet plateau from the high and precipitous tomography of Orogen. In addition, GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary line where the migratory direction of the Bayan Har block changed from eastward to southeastward. The GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary fault of the sub-blocks of the eastern Bayan Har block. We built three-dimensional models containing the Longriba fault and the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault, across the Bayan Har block and the Sichuan Basin. A nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate the fault behavior and the block deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the low resistivity and low velocity layer acts as a detachment layer, which causes the overlying blocks to move southeastward. The detachment layer also controls the vertical and horizontal deformation of the rigid Bayan Har block and leads to accumulation strain on the edge of the layer where the Longmenshan thrust is located. After a sufficient amount of strain has been accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, a large earthquake occurs, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The strike slip activity of the Longriba fault, which is above the low resistivity and low velocity layer, partitions the lateral displacements of the Bayan Har block and adjusts the direction of motion of the Bayan Har block, from the eastward moving Ahba sub-block in the west to southeastward moving Longmenshan sub-block in the east. Four models with different depths to the Longriba fault were constructed：（1） a shallow fault with a depth of only 4 km, （2

关键词： Bayan Har block Longmenshan thrust fault Longriba fault intracontinental fault,nonlinear friction

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