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“土司可以出任流官”辨

云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2024年第4期56卷 149-156页

作者：黄海涛邹翀云南师范大学历史与行政学院云南昆明650500

土司与流官是泾渭分明的两个概念,绝无互相改变身份之说。而在土司问题的研究中,有“土司可以出任流官”的说法,对此有必要加以辨析。主张此说者所举例证,误将历史文献中的记载解读为土司可以出任流官,这与其对明清职官制度中相关概念... 详细信息

土司与流官是泾渭分明的两个概念,绝无互相改变身份之说。而在土司问题的研究中,有“土司可以出任流官”的说法,对此有必要加以辨析。主张此说者所举例证,误将历史文献中的记载解读为土司可以出任流官,这与其对明清职官制度中相关概念把握不当有关,未弄清楚加官、加衔、散官、勋官、赠官的内涵,将其与职事官混为一谈。在雍正朝大规模改土归流后,清政府为实现对土司地区的直接统治,除改变“土流并治”的具体内涵外,还采取了管理流官的方式管理土司,突出反映在对仿流官职衔增设的不准世袭的土弁、土屯官和“流职土司”的管理上,这些不准世袭的土弁、土屯官和“流职土司”实际上已不是严格意义上的土司,但绝不意味他们可以出任流官。“土司可以出任流官”的说法是不妥的,也不符合历史事实。

关键词：土司流官土司制度职官制度 “土流并治”

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铜锈环棱螺形态性状对体质量的影响分析

水产科学 2024年第1期43卷 136-143页

作者：于明滕建张冲赵燕李娴季相山陈红菊山东农业大学动物科技学院山东泰安271018 山东省淡水渔业研究院山东济南250117

为探究铜锈环棱螺不同群体主要形态性状间的相关性及影响其体质量的主要因素,随机选取微山湖、东平湖、骆马湖、洪泽湖、长江江都区段和滇池的野生铜锈环棱螺,测量其壳高、壳宽、壳厚、壳口长、壳口宽及体质量,采用相关分析与通径分析方... 详细信息

为探究铜锈环棱螺不同群体主要形态性状间的相关性及影响其体质量的主要因素,随机选取微山湖、东平湖、骆马湖、洪泽湖、长江江都区段和滇池的野生铜锈环棱螺,测量其壳高、壳宽、壳厚、壳口长、壳口宽及体质量,采用相关分析与通径分析方法,并建立体质量的最优多元回归方程。试验结果显示,壳厚与体质量相关性不显著,壳高、壳宽、壳口宽和壳口长均与体质量相关性极显著。6个群体的决定系数总和分别为0.916、0.927、0.794、0.886、0.810和0.783,表明已分析出影响体质量的大部分形态性状。铜锈环棱螺体质量性状的主要影响因素在6个群体中并不相同,其中壳高或壳宽对体质量的影响作用比较大,是铜锈环棱螺体质量的主要影响因素。经多元回归方差分析和偏回归系数显著性检验,偏回归系数极显著(P<0.01)。本试验结果可为铜锈环棱螺的品种选育提供参考依据。

关键词：铜锈环棱螺形态性状体质量相关性分析通径分析

A comparative study on Sn macrosegregation behavior of ternary Al-Sn-Cu alloys prepared by gravity casting and squeeze casting

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China Foundry 2023年第1期20卷 63-70页

作者： ming Xu Yan-guo Yin Cong-min Li Cong-chong Duan College of Mechanical Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230002China Anhui Yihui New Materials Co. Ltd.Hefei 230000China

A comprehensive study on Sn macrosegregation behavior in ternary Al-Sn-Cu alloys was carried out by comparative analysis between gravity casting and squeeze casting *** microstructure and Sn distribution of the castings were characterized by metallography,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy-dispersive X-ray(EDX)spectroscopy,and a direct reading *** show that there are obvious differences in Sn morphology between gravity casting and squeeze casting *** squeeze casting condition,the grain size of the casting is smaller and the distribution ofβ(Sn)is *** effectively reduces the segregation of triangular grain boundary as well as the segregation of *** segregation types of Sn in gravity casting and squeeze casting samples are obviously *** upper surfaces of gravity casting samples show severe negative segregation,while all the lower surfaces have positive *** with gravity casting,squeeze casting solidifies under isostatic *** to the direct contact between the upper surface of the casting and the mold,the casting solidifies faster under higher undercooling degree and ***,the uniform distribution of Sn reduces the segregation phenomenon on the surface of the casting.

关键词： ternary Al-Sn-Cu alloy squeeze casting macrosegregation mechanism

Rational design of three-dimensional branched NiCo-P@CoNiMo-P core/shell nanowire heterostructures for high-performance hybrid supercapacitor

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第10期30卷 489-496,I0013页

作者： Yijing Huang chong Luo Qiaobao Zhang Hehe Zhang ming-Sheng Wang State Key Lab of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005FujianChina

Owing to the dramatically enhanced charge-mass transport and abundant electrochemically active sites,transition metal compound electrodes are increasingly attractive for achieving high-performance supercapacitors(SCs).Here,we report the fabrication of nickel foam supported three-dimensional(3 D)branched nickel-cobalt phosphides@tri-metal cobalt-nickel-molybdenum phosphides core/shell nanowire heterostructures(denoted as NiCo-P@CoNiMo-P)as high-performance electrode materials for hybrid *** presence of multiple valences of the cations in such NiCo-P@CoNiMo-P enables rich redox reactions and promoted synergy *** from their collective effects,the resulting electrode demonstrates high specific capacity of 1366 C g^(-1) at 2 A g^(-1)(2.03 C cm^(-2) at2 mA cm^(-2))and 922 C g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1),as well as good cycling stability(retaining~94%of the initial capacity after 6000 cycles at 15 A g^(-1)).A hybrid SC using the NiCo-P@CoNiMo-P as the positive electrode and N-doped rGOs as the negative electrode exhibits a high energy density of 81.4 Wh kg^(-1) at a power density of 1213 W kg^(-1) and a capacity retention of 132%even after 6000 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).Our findings can facilitate the material design for boosting the performance of transition metal compounds based materials for fast energy storage.

关键词： Transition metal phosphides Branched nanowire heterostructures Electrode materials Hybird supercapacitors

Two stages power generation test of the hot dry rock exploration and production demonstration project in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau,China

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 409-421页

作者： Er-yong Zhang Dong-guang Wen Gui-ling Wang Xian-peng Jin Lin-you Zhang Hai-dong Wu Wen-shi Wang Cheng-ming Ye Wei Weng Kuan Li Jin-sheng Wu Xian-chun Tang chong-yuan Zhang Qing-da Feng Sheng Lian Li-sha Hu Gui-lin Zhu Xing-long Xie Bin Wu Dan Wang Xue Niu Zhao-xuan Niu Dong-lin Liu Hui Zhang Wen-hao Xu Shu-qing Yao Li Yang Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300304China Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyShijiazhuang 050061China Institute of Exploration Techniques Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyLangfang 065000China Institute of Exploration Engineering China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China Institute of Exploration Technology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChengdu 611734China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences China Geological SurveyBeijing 100037China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China Geoscience Documentation Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China

The Hot Dry Rock(HDR)is considered as a clean and renewable energy,poised to significantly contribute to the global energy decarbonization *** HDR projects worldwide have accumulated valuable experience in efficient drilling and completion,reservoir construction,and fracture *** 2019,China Geological Survey(CGS)initiated a demonstration project of HDR exploration and production in the Gonghe Basin,aiming to overcome the setbacks faced by HDR *** the ensuing four years,the Gonghe HDR project achieved the first power generation in 2021,followed by the second power generation test in *** establishing the primary well group in the initial phase,two directional wells and one branch well were *** progress was made in successfully constructing the targeted reservoir,realizing inter-well connectivity,power generation and grid connection,implementing of the real-time micro-seismic monitoring.A closed-loop technical validation of the HDR exploration and production was ***,many technical challenges remain in the process of HDR industrialization,such as reservoir fracture network characterization,efficient drilling and completion,multiple fracturing treatment,continuous injection and production,as well as mitigation of induced seismicity and numerical simulation technology.

关键词： Power generation Hot dry rock(HDR) Enhanced geothermal system(EGS) Genesis mechanism Gonghe Basin Directional drilling Reservoir construction Circulation test Induced seismicity Clean energy exploration engineering

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同带泵浦的Tm:CYA调Q锁模激光器

中国光学（中英文） 2024年第4期17卷 764-770页

作者：孙堂正李云飞谭晶荣杜晓娟丁嘉宇任舒婷许浩王翀杨金芳张明霞朱永乐董忠令维军甘肃省全固态激光工程研究中心甘肃天水741001 集成电路封装与测试教育部工程研究中心甘肃天水741001

以半导体可饱和吸收镜SESAM作为锁模启动元件,利用同带泵浦技术首次在Tm:CaYALO_(4)(Tm:CYA)激光器实现了被动调Q锁模运转。光路采用X型四镜腔结构,泵浦源采用Er:Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(Er:YAG)固体激光器,其中心波长为1650 nm。分别采用0.5... 详细信息

以半导体可饱和吸收镜SESAM作为锁模启动元件,利用同带泵浦技术首次在Tm:CaYALO_(4)(Tm:CYA)激光器实现了被动调Q锁模运转。光路采用X型四镜腔结构,泵浦源采用Er:Y_(3)Al_(5)O_(12)(Er:YAG)固体激光器,其中心波长为1650 nm。分别采用0.5%、1.5%、3%和5%透过率的输出耦合镜,对激光器连续光输出和锁模输出特性进行研究。结果表明:当采用5%透过率的输出耦合镜时,激光器的输出特性最好;当激光器在连续光运转情况下,得到了894 mW的最高功率和16%的最大斜效率输出;将连续光功率优化至最高,在光路中加入SESAM锁模元件后,当吸收泵浦功率大于1.86 W时,激光运转进入不稳定的调Q状态;当吸收泵浦功率提高到5.7 W时,实现了稳定的被动调Q锁模运转;吸收泵浦功率达到6.99 W时,采用5%透过率的输出耦合镜,获得了最高输出功率为399 mW的锁模脉冲激光;此时调Q包络下重复频率为98.11 MHz,脉冲宽度为619.4 ps,对应的最大单脉冲能量为4.07 nJ,调Q包络中锁模脉冲调制深度接近100%。实验结果证明,同带泵浦技术可以用于激光器以产生调Q锁模脉冲,为超短脉冲激光的产生提供了一种新的泵浦方式。

关键词： Tm:CYA激光器同带泵浦半导体可饱和吸收镜(SESAM) 调Q锁模

Constructing charge transfer channel between dopants and oxygen vacancies for enhanced visible-light-driven water oxidation

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Nano Research 2021年第10期14卷 3365-3371页

作者： ming Cheng Lan Yang Huiyi Li Wei Bai chong Xiao Yi Xie Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale CAS Centre for Excellence in NanoscienceiCHEMUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Energy Hefei Comprehensive National Science CenterHefei 230031China

Photocatalytic water oxidation is a crucial step in water splitting,but is generally restricted by the slow ***,it is necessary to develop high-performance water oxidation ***,the Fe-doped Bi2WO6 nanosheets with oxygen vacancies(OVs)were synthesized for enhanced photocatalytic water oxidation efficiency,showing a synergistic effect between Fe dopants and *** a molar fraction of 2%Fe was doped into the Bi2WO6 nanosheets,the visible-light-driven photocatalytic oxygen evolution rate was increased up to 131.3μmol·h^(-1)·g_(cat)^(-1)under ambient conditions,which was more than 3 times that of pure Bi2WO6 *** proper doping concentration of Fe could promote the formation of OVs and at the same time modulate the band structure of catalysts,especially the position of the valence band maximum(VBM),leading to effective visible-light absorption and enhanced oxidizing ability of photogenerated *** ameliorated localized electron distribution,fast charge transfer channel emerged between the OVs and adjacent metal atoms,which accelerated the charge carrier transfer and promoted the separation of photoexcited electrons and *** work provides feasible approaches for designing efficient two-dimensional semiconductor water oxidation photocatalysts that could utilize visible-light,which will make more use of solar energy.

关键词： water oxidation reaction Bi2WO6 nanosheets oxygen vacancies valence band maximum charge transfer channel

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基于多系统信息交互的热处理智能化调度

金属热处理 2024年第5期49卷 237-242页

作者：刘琦万茹涛朱宏斌种永刚曲明段雪锋中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司陕西西安710089 东软集团股份有限公司辽宁沈阳110179

围绕能集中控制车间现场分散多台加热设备的热处理集成控制系统,通过构建与工艺知识库、计量管理系统、质量管理系统、生产ERP系统、人员权限管理等多系统产生热处理生产信息交互的模型,实现了热处理产品在生产管理、工艺参数、设备管... 详细信息

围绕能集中控制车间现场分散多台加热设备的热处理集成控制系统,通过构建与工艺知识库、计量管理系统、质量管理系统、生产ERP系统、人员权限管理等多系统产生热处理生产信息交互的模型,实现了热处理产品在生产管理、工艺参数、设备管理的全过程数字化控制与质量监控,并建立了生产智能化调度和拉动式可视化排产,完成了将产品生产的人、机、料、法、环等信息网络化集成,解决了热处理生产过程中工艺过程人为控制、生产排产随机性、过程记录纸质化传递、热处理过程追溯性差等关键问题,为提升热处理车间的管理水平提供了新方案。

关键词：热处理信息化智能化调度可视化排产

土壤改良剂和套种作物对幼龄橘园酸性土壤理化性质的影响

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中国土壤与肥料 2024年第3期 63-69页

作者：陈小明吴岳庭蒋艺朱旺冲欧阳国春唐利忠湖南科技学院化学与生物工程学院湖南永州425100 永州市农业科学研究所湖南永州425100

为明确施用酸性土壤改良剂配合套种对幼龄橘园土壤理化性质及养分含量的影响,选取了生石灰、生石灰+火土灰为酸性土壤改良剂,绿豆和红薯为套种作物,以土壤清耕为对照,系统研究了不同酸性土壤改良剂和套种作物组合对土壤理化性质、全量... 详细信息

为明确施用酸性土壤改良剂配合套种对幼龄橘园土壤理化性质及养分含量的影响,选取了生石灰、生石灰+火土灰为酸性土壤改良剂,绿豆和红薯为套种作物,以土壤清耕为对照,系统研究了不同酸性土壤改良剂和套种作物组合对土壤理化性质、全量和速效养分含量以及活性铝含量的影响。结果表明,较土壤清耕处理,各施用土壤改良剂配合套种处理均能显著降低土壤容重、增大土壤孔隙度、提高土壤饱和持水量和田间持水量,显著提高土壤pH值和有机质含量且降低活性铝含量(P<0.05),能不同程度提高土壤全量和速效养分。较施用生石灰处理,长期施用生石灰+火土灰累加效应明显,在改善土壤物理特性、提高土壤pH值和有机质含量、降低活性铝含量、提高土壤全钾、速效钾和有效磷含量等方面效果更好。套种绿豆和套种红薯在多数土壤理化特性指标上无显著差异,但套种红薯对提高土壤田间持水量、有机质含量方面效果更好,而套种绿豆则更有利于提升土壤全氮、全磷、碱解氮含量。总体来看,施用生石灰+火土灰配合套种红薯/绿豆均能有效改善橘园土壤理化性质。

关键词：酸性土壤土壤改良柑橘套种理化性质