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A method for automatically translating print books into electronic Braille books

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第7期59卷 129-142页

作者： Taekeun park Jungil JUNG Jinsoo cho Department of Applied Computer Engineering Dankook University Department of IT Convergence Engineering Gachon University Department of Computer Engineering Gachon University

In this paper, a method for automatically translating scanned images from print books into electronic Braille books is proposed with the objective of reducing the amount of time and cost required for producing Braille books. The proposed method consists of processes for identifying character and image areas in a scanned image, automatically translating characters and images into Braille and tactile graphics, respectively, and positioning Braille and tactile graphics into an electronic Braille page. Experimental results show that the proposed method drastically reduces the time required to translate a print book into an electronic Braille book. Despite the drastic reduction in translation time, the method proposed in this paper does not compromise the ability to recognize information for the visually impaired compared to manually produced Braille books, demonstrating its feasibility in practical applications. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to significantly reduce the time and cost required for producing Braille books, and provide more reading materials for the visually impaired,making significant contributions to enhancing their knowledge and welfare.

关键词： Braille tactile graphic electronic Braille book automatic translation the visually impaired

Electrochemical Characteristics in Seawater for Cold Thermal Spray-Coated Al-Mg Alloy Layer

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2016年第8期29卷 727-734页

作者： Il-cho park Seong-Jong Kim Division of Marine Engineering Mokpo National Maritime University

For corrosion protection of carbon steel in a marine environment,cold arc thermal spray coating was applied to the surface with Al and Al-Mg alloy *** surface hardness of Al and Al-Mg thermal spray coatings increased with Mg *** the various electrochemical experiments were carried out to evaluate corrosion damage characteristics of the thermal spray coating *** Al and Al-Mg thermal spray coating layers presented negative potentials compared to carbon steel in corrosion potential *** an anodic polarization experiment revealed a tendency of activation polarization with no ***,the corrosion damage of the thermal spray coating layer in galvanostatic experiment was observed mainly at the defect area,and the Al-3Mg thermal spray coating layer presented less surface damages than *** addition,the Al-3Mg thermal spray coating layer showed the lowest corrosion rate while having a sufficient driving voltage for cathodic corrosion ***,it is an optimal thermal spray material for sacrificial anode.

关键词： Corrosion protection Carbon steel Arc thermal spray coating Al-Mg alloy Marine environment

Optimization of image capturing method of wear particles for condition diagnosis of machine parts

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第B09期19卷 215-219页

作者： Yon-Sang cho Heung-Sik park Department of Materials Engineering Dong-A University

Wear particles are inevitably occurred from moving parts, such as a piston-cylinder made from steel or hybrid materials. And a durability of these parts must be evaluated. The wear particle analysis has been known as a very effective method to foreknow and decide a moving situation and a damage of machine parts by using the digital computer image processing. But it is not laid down to calculate shape parameters of wear particle and wear volume. In order to apply image processing method in a durability evaluation of machine parts, it needs to verify the reliability of the calculated data by the image processing and to lay down the number of images and the amount of wear particles in one image. In this work, the lubricated friction experiment was carried out in order to establish the optimum image capture with the 1045 specimen under experiment condition. The wear particle data were calculated differently according to the number of image and the amount of wear particle in one image. The results show that capturing conditions need to be more than 140 wear particles in one image and over 40 images for the reliable data. Thus, the capturing method of wear particles images was optimized for condition diagnosis of machine moving parts.

关键词：计算机图像处理磨损颗粒机械零件优化条件诊断方法拍摄图像处理方法运动部件

Effects of a dynamic membrane formed with polyethylene glycol on the ultrafiltration of natural organic matter

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第2期4卷 172-182页

作者： Boksoon KWON Noeon park Jaeweon cho Woongjin R&D Center San 4-1Nakseongdae-dongGwanak-guSeoul 151-057Korea Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning Yangjae-dongSeocho-guSeoul 137-130Korea Department of Environmental Science and Engineering GIST1 Oryong-dongBuk-guGwangju 500-712Korea

The formation of a dynamic membrane(DM)was investigated using polyethylene glycol(PEG)(molecular weight of 35000 g/mol,concentration of 1 g/L).Two natural organic matters(NOM),Dongbok Lake NOM(DLNOM)and Suwannee River NOM(SRNOM)were used in the ultrafiltration experiments along with *** evaluate the effects of the DM with PEG on ultrafiltration,various transport experiments were conducted,and the analyses of the NOM in the membrane feed and permeate were performed using high performance size exclusion chromatography,and the effective pore size distribution(effective PSD)and effective molecular weight cut off(effective MWCO)were *** advantages of DM formed with PEG can be summarized as follows:(1)PEG interferes with NOM transmission through the ultrafiltration membrane pores by increasing the retention coefficient of NOM in UF membranes,and(2)low removal of NOM by the DM is affected by external factors,such as pressure increases during UF membrane filtration,which decreases the effective PSD and effective MWCO of UF ***,a disadvantage of the DM with PEG was severe flux decline;thus,one must be mindful of both the positive and negative influences of the DM when optimizing the UF performance of the membrane.

关键词： dynamic membrane natural organic matters ultrafiltration membrane performance effective PSD effective molecular weight cutoff

Electrical Properties of Sputter-deposited ZrO2-based Pt/ZrO_2/Si Capacitors

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2006年第6期22卷 807-810页

作者： Keunbin YIM Yeonkyu park Anna park Namhee cho chongmu LEE Department of Materials Science and Engineering Inha UniversityIncheon 402-751Korea

Pt/ZrO2/Si sandwich structures where ZrO2 is deposited by radio frequency （r.f.） magnetron sputtering using a Zr target in an atmosphere of O2/Ar gas mixture, were fabricated and the effects of the O2/Ar flow ratio in the reactive sputtering process, the annealing temperature, the ZrO2 film thickness on the structure, the surface roughness of ZrO2 films and the electric properties of Pt/ZrO2/Si metal-oxide-semiconductor （MOS） capacitors were investigated. The optimum process parameters of the Pt/ZrO2/Si capacitor based on reactively sputtered-ZrO2 determined in such a way as the capacitance is maximized and the leakage current, the oxide charge, and the interface trap density are minimized that is the O2/Ar flow ratio of 1.5, the annealing temperature of 800℃, and the film thickness of 10 nm. Also the conduction mechanism in the Pt/ZrO2/Si capacitor has been discussed.

关键词： ZrO2 Gate dielectrics Radio frequency Magnetron sputtering

Characterization of a β-1,3-glucan recognition protein from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua （Insecta： Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 575-584页

作者： Kyeongrin Bang Sujin park Saeyoull cho Department of Applied Biology College of Agriculture and Life Science Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute Kangwon National University Chuncheon CHA Cancer Institute CHA University 605 Yeoksam-dong Gangnam-gu Seoul 135-081 Korea

The β-1,3-glucan recognition protein gene from Spodoptera exigua （SeβGRP） was cloned and characterized. The cDNA of this gene is 1？644 nucleotides in length and the predicted polypeptide is 491 amino acids （aa） in length, with a calculated molecular mass of 54.8 kDa. The first 22 aa encode a predicted secretion signal peptide. A BLAST search, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis of the aa sequence of SeβGRP revealed that this protein is most similar to the β-1,3-glucan recognition protein （βGRP） family of pattern recognition proteins. Using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, we detected the presence of SeβGRP transcripts in the egg, larval, pupal, and adult stages of S. exigua. In addition, the SeβGRP transcript was expressed in all the tissues examined including the brain, hemocytes, fat body, intestine, and cuticle. There were no changes in SeβGRP mRNA levels in larvae infected with ultraviolet （UV）-killed Escherichia coli DH5α compared with the control larvae inoculated with the water; however, SeβGRP mRNA levels were markedly elevated 4–8 h after infection and slightly induced 12–24 h after infection in larvae injected with UV-killed Fusarium oxysporum. This may be because β-1,3-glucan is the main component of the cell wall of F. oxysporum, but not E. coli DH5α.

关键词： β-1,3-glucan recognition protein Fusarium oxysporum immune,Spodoptera exigua

Fabrication of sintering-free flexible copper nanowire/ polymer composite transparent electrodes with enhanced chemical and mechanical stability

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Nano Research 2016年第7期9卷 2162-2173页

作者： cho rong Chu Changsoo Lee Jahyun Koo Hyuck Mo Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering KAIST 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea

The thermal decomposition synthesis of long copper nanowires （CuNWs） was achieved by controlling the synthesis parameters. A detailed study was performed to determine the effect of the molar ratio of copper chloride to nickel acetylacetonate, temperature, and stirring rate on the final shape of the products. Transparent electrodes （TEs） were fabricated by wet treatment with acetic acid （AA）, without using a sintering process. The low oxidation stability and high surface roughness are the main disadvantages of the CuNW TEs, which limit their applications. In order to overcome these issues, we prepared CuNW/polymer composite TEs by partial embedding of the CuNWs into poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA） on poly（ethylene terephthalate）（PET） substrates. The CuNW/PMMA composite TEs exhibit excellent optoelectronic performance （91.3% at 100.7 ff2/sq）, low surface roughness （4.6 nm in height）, and good mechanical and chemical stability as compared with CuNW TEs. On the basis of these properties, we believe that CuNW-based composite TEs could serve as low-cost materials for a wide range of new optoelectronic devices.

关键词： copper nanowires nanowire/polymercomposite transparent electrode chemical stability mechanical stability

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第10期12卷 1640-1647页

作者： Jisu Hong Bo-yong park Hwan-ho cho Hyunjin park Department of Electronic Electrical and Computer EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonKorea Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research(CNIR) Institute for Basic ScienceSuwonKorea School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwonKorea

Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） is a disorder characterized by behavioral symptoms including hyperactivity/impulsivity among children,adolescents,and *** ADHD related symptoms are influenced by the complex interaction of brain networks which were under *** explored age-related brain network differences between ADHD patients and typically developing（TD） subjects using resting state f MRI（rs-f MRI） for three age groups of children,adolescents,and *** collected rs-f MRI data from 184 individuals（27 ADHD children and 31 TD children;32 ADHD adolescents and 32 TD adolescents;and 31 ADHD adults and 31 TD adults）.The Brainnetome Atlas was used to define nodes in the network *** compared three age groups of ADHD and TD subjects to identify the distinct regions that could explain age-related brain network differences based on degree centrality,a well-known measure of nodal *** left middle temporal gyrus showed significant interaction effects between disease status（i.e.,ADHD or TD） and age（i.e.,child,adolescent,or adult）（P 0.001）.Additional regions were identified at a relaxed threshold（P 0.05）.Many of the identified regions（the left inferior frontal gyrus,the left middle temporal gyrus,and the left insular gyrus） were related to cognitive *** results of our study suggest that aberrant development in cognitive brain regions might be associated with age-related brain network changes in ADHD *** findings contribute to better understand how brain function influences the symptoms of ADHD.

关键词： nerve regeneration attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder cognitive function connectivity resting-state f MRI Brainnetome Atlas whole brain analysis disease-aging interaction effect neuroscience neural regeneration

Role of Arabidopsis RAP2.4 in Regulating Light-and Ethylene-Mediated Developmental Processes and Drought Stress Tolerance

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Molecular Plant 2008年第1期1卷 42-57页

作者： rong-Cheng Lin Hee-Jin park Hai-Yang Wang Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Light and the plant hormone ethylene regulate many aspects of plant growth and development in an overlapping and interdependent fashion. Little is known regarding how their signal transduction pathways cross-talk to regulate plant development in a coordinated manner. Here, we report functional characterization of an AP2/DREB-type transcription factor, Arabidopsis RAP2.4, in mediating light and ethylene signaling. Expression of the RAP2.4 gene is down-regulated by light but up-regulated by salt and drought stresses. RAP2.4 protein is constitutively targeted to the nucleus and it can bind to both the ethylene-responsive GCC-box and the dehydration-responsive element （DRE）. We show that RAP2.4 protein possesses an intrinsic transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells and that it can activate a reporter gene driven by the DRE cis-element in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Overexpression of RAP2.4 or mutation in RAP2.4 cause altered expression of representative light-, ethylene-, and drought-responsive genes. Although no salient phenotype was observed with a rap2.4 loss-of-function mutant, constitutive overexpression of RAP2.4 results in defects in multiple developmental processes regulated by light and ethylene, including hypocotyl elongation and gravitropism, apical hook formation and cotyledon expansion, flowering time, root elongation, root hair formation, and drought tolerance. Based on these observations, we propose that RAP2.4 acts at or downstream of a converging point of light and ethylene signaling pathways to coordinately regulate multiple developmental processes and stress responses.

关键词： RAP2.4 transcription factor light signaling ethylene response drought tolerance.