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Evaluation of the Level and Impact of Selected Physiochemical Parameters of Fertilizer Effluent on Obinna River, Adani, Enugu State, Nigeria

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第7期6卷 722-730页

作者： chizoba chinelo agu Matthew Chukwudi Menkiti Bernard Ibezim Okolo Patrick Chukwudi Nnaji Center for Environmental Management and Control (CEMAC) University of Nigeria Enugu Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

This work quantitatively evaluates the level and impact of selected physiochemical properties of fertilizer effluent on the Obinna River of Adani, Enugu State, Nigeria. The fertilizer effluent originated from surrounding farms and flushed into the Obinna River. Water samples were collected from designated points along the river and analysed for physical, chemical and biological properties using standard methods of APHA. Impact of selected key parameters such as nitrate, phosphate, manganese, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and heavy metals (lead, iron and manganese), was studied. The results of the parameters were compared with the World Health Organisation (WHO) permissible standard for freshwater. Measured concentrations of phosphate (5.00, 7.21, 3.92 mg/L), manganese (1.53, 1.18, 1.47 mg/L) and lead (18.9, 21.7, 39.7 ppm) were found to be above the WHO standard while nitrate (0.04, 0.03, 0.03 mg/L) and iron (0.001, 0.001, 0.1 mg/L) were within the standard. The mean concentrations of heavy metals increased in the following order: Fe (0.034) 1 to downstream S3, with manganese and lead being above WHO standard. The results showed a level of significance for the chi-square distribution and correlation coefficients while the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results was conflicting. It could be inferred that the impact of the selected parameters contributed to the pollution of Obinna River.

关键词： Physiochemical Heavy Metals WHO Pollution Obinna River

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Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Obesity among Adolescents in Secondary School in Onitsha, South East Nigeria

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2023年第7期13卷 85-106页

作者： Nkiru Veronica agu Kenneth Nchekwube Okeke Sylvia Tochukwu Echendu Chinyere Ukamaka Onubogu Joy chinelo Ebenebe Thomas Obiajulu Ulasi Njideka Constance Uchefuna Christian Chukwuemeka Ifezulike Amalachukwu Okwukweka Odita Joseph Ezeogu Department of Paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Clinical Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Clinical Sciences Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital Awka Nigeria Department of Paediatrics Imo state Teaching Hospital Orlu Nigeria

Background: The prevalence of obesity among adolescent has been on the increase worldwide. This is probably a result of increase in the sedentary life style and the increasing shift to western diet. Obesity in children and adolescents has adverse consequences. These include increase in the rate of Diabetes Mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, etc with resultant increase in premature deaths. Objectives: To determine the socio-demographic and behavioral factors associated with overweight and obesity in apparently healthy secondary school adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of secondary school adolescents aged 10 - 19 years randomly selected from two public schools and three private schools. The weight and heights of study subjects were measured using standard equipment. Body mass index (BMI) was appropriately calculated and the WHO growth reference standard for age and gender, specific percentile for BMI was used to define overweight 85th to 97th and obese (97th percentile and above). Results: Data were initially collected from 1250 participants, but 52 were excluded due to improperly completed questionnaires. Thus, a total of 1198 students were ultimately included in the study, giving a response rate of 95.8%. These included 621 females (51.8%) and 577 males (48.2%) aged 10 - 19 years giving a F:M ratio of 1:0.9. The mean age of the students was 15.07 ± 1.96 years overall, 15.13 ± 2.08 years for males and 15.03 ± 1.83 years for females. There was no statistically significant difference between male and female in the distribution of age groups (p = 0.12). The mean BMI was 21.51 ± 3.57 kg/m2 for females and 20.22 ± 3.16 kg/m2 for males. The BMI was significantly higher in females in all age groups (p < 0.001) except those aged 10 - p = 0.13). The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were higher in females than males (17.7% vs 10.7%, 5.6% vs 4.5% respectively;p ≤ 12

关键词： Adolescent Obesity Socio-Demographic Behavioral Factors

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Socio-Demographic Factors Associated with Obesity among Adolescents in Secondary School in Onitsha, South East Nigeria

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases（内分泌与新陈代谢疾病期刊） 2023年第7期

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