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Boosting spring runoff into the sea by reservoir regulation and its potential for estuarine fishery recovery

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1591-1603页

作者： Xiao WU Houjie WANG Yongyong FAN Naishuang BI chiyuan miao Jingping XU Zuosheng YANG College of Marine Geosciences Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Technologyand Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth SystemOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laoshan National Laboratory Qingdao 266061China Institute of the Yellow River Estuary and Coast Science Dongying 257000China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Ocean Science&Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

With global surge in reservoir construction over the past decades,river systems worldwide have been profoundly ***,flow manipulation by reservoirs has altered the natural hydrological processes,resulting in extensive modifications of fluvial-marine *** the adverse ecological consequences of reservoirs has become a global concern and has garnered increasing *** Yellow River,as one of the most extensively manipulated river systems globally,has experienced substantial changes in the amount and timing of water discharge due to the presence of numerous reservoirs scattered throughout its catchment *** alterations have caused physicochemical changes in the estuary and subsequent modifications to the estuarine *** recent years,the Yellow River Conservancy Committee initiated the release of water through the Xiaolangdi Dam during the major spawning period of fisheries,specifically in the spring,with the aim of improving the estuarine ecological *** 2011 to 2020,a total of 84.05 km^(3)of water was discharged from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir during spring seasons,of which 40%(33.16 km^(3))constituted water impounded within the reservoir during preceding ***,the spring water discharge from the Yellow River to the sea increased significantly from 1.50 km^(3)/yr to 3.46 km^(3)/yr in the past decade,leading to a decrease in estuarine salinity by 1.6 *** estuarine fishery resources,such as fish eggs in the Yellow River estuary,have demonstrated evident *** reservoir regulation in the Yellow River,which has successfully enhanced spring water discharge and subsequently restored estuarine fishery resources,presents an effective attempt for mitigating the adverse ecological effects associated with reservoirs.

关键词： Reservoir regulation Water release Spring runoff Estuarine ecosystem Yellow River

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基于生态网络的黄河上游(四川段)水源涵养生态安全格局构建

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北京师范大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期60卷 418-426页

作者：刘世梁王清波缪驰远董玉红孙永秀于璐北京师范大学环境学院水环境模拟国家重点实验室北京北京师范大学地理科学学部北京中国林业科学研究院林业研究所北京延安大学石油工程与环境工程学院陕西延安

在对黄河上游四川段水源涵养功能及修复潜力评估的基础上,利用形态学空间格局分析法(MSPA)识别黄河上游四川段生态源地,运用最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道.结果表明:整个研究区水源涵养能力由南至北逐渐降低,水源涵养修复潜力等级高的... 详细信息

在对黄河上游四川段水源涵养功能及修复潜力评估的基础上,利用形态学空间格局分析法(MSPA)识别黄河上游四川段生态源地,运用最小累积阻力模型识别生态廊道.结果表明:整个研究区水源涵养能力由南至北逐渐降低,水源涵养修复潜力等级高的区域主要分布在研究区域北部;MSPA识别的核心区主要位于若尔盖县和石渠县,占总面积的44.04%,形成由3个等级的生态源地和3个等级的生态廊道组成的黄河上游四川段生态安全格局;整个生态网络均集中于研究区中北部,东西部和南部生态网络分布较少.基于生态网络进行生态安全格局的构建,可为黄河上游四川段水源涵养生态修复布局提供重要依据.

关键词：水源涵养修复潜力形态学空间格局分析法(MSPA) 最小累积阻力(MCR)模型生态网络

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基于循环神经网络的水沙过程预测方法及其应用——以黄河下游为例

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武汉大学学报（工学版） 2024年第5期57卷 571-581页

作者：徐睿霖夏军强李志威缪驰远周美蓉陈翠霞鲁俊武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室湖北武汉430072 北京师范大学地理科学学部北京100875 黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司河南郑州450003

精准快速地预测水沙过程对于高效制订防汛应急方案具有重要意义。选取可记忆时段信息的循环神经网络算法,针对黄河下游游荡河段,按照进口花园口站来水量及来沙量对各年份数据进行分类,分别构建了适用于不同来水来沙类型的循环神经网络... 详细信息

精准快速地预测水沙过程对于高效制订防汛应急方案具有重要意义。选取可记忆时段信息的循环神经网络算法,针对黄河下游游荡河段,按照进口花园口站来水量及来沙量对各年份数据进行分类,分别构建了适用于不同来水来沙类型的循环神经网络水沙预测模型用以预测高村站的水沙过程。模型训练完成后,输入花园口站的水沙数据即可输出对应时段内高村站的水沙数据预测值。预测结果表明:1)数据集预处理时,按照河段进口来水来沙类型进行划分可以提高预测精度,相较不划分方式,洪峰与沙峰的预测精度最高可提升50%以上;2)预测的水沙过程与实测数据符合良好,纳什效率系数(Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient,NSE)最优分别可达到0.99与0.92,年内汛期与非汛期流量过程的预测效果相近,NSE为0.97左右,而含沙量过程汛期预测结果的NSE为0.88左右,优于非汛期;3)循环神经网络模型对流量过程的预测精度能够达到甚至超过马斯京根法,并且可以弥补马斯京根法不能预报含沙量过程的不足。总体来看,循环神经网络水沙预测方法的精度较高,适用于黄河下游游荡段不同类型水沙过程的预测。

关键词：水沙过程预测机器学习循环神经网络游荡段黄河下游

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A comprehensive review on coupled processes and mechanisms of soil-vegetation-hydrology, and recent research advances

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第11期65卷 2083-2114页

作者： Zhongkai LI Xiaoyan LI Sha ZHOU Xiaofan YANG Yongshuo FU chiyuan miao Shuai WANG Guanghui ZHANG Xiuchen WU Chao YANG Yuanhong DENG State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Natural Resources Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China School of Geographical Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXining 810016China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Research on the coupling of soil,vegetation,and hydrological processes is not only a research hotspot in disciplines such as pedology,ecohydrology and Earth system science but also important for achieving sustainable ***,scientists from different disciplines usually study the coupling mechanism of soil-vegetation-hydrological processes at very different space and time scales,and the mechanistic connections between different scales are quite *** article reviewed research advances in coupled soil-vegetation-hydrological processes at different spatial scales—from leaf stomata to watershed and regional scales—and summarized the spatial upscaling methods and modeling approaches of coupled soil-vegetationhydrological *** identify and summarize the following coupling processes:(1)carbon-water exchange in leaf stomata and root-soil interface;(2)changes in soil aggregates and profile hydraulic properties caused by plant roots and water movement;(3)precipitation and soil moisture redistribution by plant canopy and root;(4)interactions between vegetation patches and local hydrological process;(5)links between plant community succession and soil development;and(6)links between watershed/regional water budget and vegetation phenology and ***,the limitations and knowledge gaps in the observations,mechanisms,scaling methods,and modeling approaches of coupled soil-vegetation-hydrological processes were *** achieve a deep integration of various coupling processes across different spatiotemporal scales,future work should strengthen multiscale,multifactor and multiprocess soil-vegetation-hydrology coupling observations and mechanism studies,develop new scaling methods,identify different feedback pathways,and take time-variable plant behavior and soil hydraulic properties into account during modeling.

关键词： Ecohydrological process Soil process Plant-soil feedback Modeling approaches Scaling method

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Effect of time resolution of rainfall measurements on the erosivity factor in the USLE in China

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 373-382页

作者： Tianyu Yue Yun Xie Shuiqing Yin Bofu Yu chiyuan miao Wenting Wang State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal University100875BeijingChina Australian Rivers Institute School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityNathanQueenslandAustralia

Rainfall erosivity,one of the factors in the Universal Soil Loss *** the effect of rainfall and runoffon soil ***-resolution data are required to compute rainfall erosivity,but are not widely available in many parts of the *** the temporal resolution of rainfall measurement decreases,computed rainfall erosivity *** objective of the paper is to derive a series of conversion factors as a function of the time interval to compute rainfall erosivity so that the R factor computed using data at different time intervals could be converted to that computed using 1-min *** data at 1-min intervals from 62 stations over China were collected to first compute the~ue'R factor *** of the R factor was systematically evaluated using data aggregated at 5,6.10,15,20,30,and 60-min to develop conversion factors for the R factor and the 1-in-10-year storm EI30 *** with true values,the relative error in R factor using data at fixed intervals of≤10min was10%using 15-min data for 66.1%of stations and>20%using 30-min data for 61.3%of *** conversion factors for the R factor,ranging from 1.051 to 1.871 for 5 to 60-min data,are higher than those for the 1-in-10-years storm EI30,ranging from 1.034 to 1.489 for the 62stations.

关键词： Soil erosion Rainfall erosivity 1-in-10-year EI30 USLE CSLE

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Plant diversity reduces the effect of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structure

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 213-223页

作者： Yang GAO chiyuan miao Jun XIA Liang MAO Yafeng WANG Pei ZHOU Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology College of Global Change and Earth System ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

It is unclear whether certain plant species and plant diversity could reduce the impacts of multiple heavy metal pollution on soil microbial structure and soil enzyme activities. Random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） was used to analyze the genetic diversity and microbial similarity in planted and unplanted soil under combined cadmium （Cd） and lead （Pb） pollution. A metal hyper- accumulator, Brassica juncea, and a common plant, Festuca arundinacea Schreb, were used in this research. The results showed that microorganism quantity in planted soil significantly increased, compared with that in unplanted soil with Cd and Pb pollution. The order of microbial community sensitivity in response to Cd and Pb stress was as follows： actinomycetes 〉 bacteria 〉 fungi. Respiration, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase activity were significantly inhibited due to Cd and Pb stress. Compared with unplanted soil, planted soils have frequently been reported to have higher rates of microbial activity due to the presence of additional surfaces for microbial colonization and organic compounds released by the plant roots. Two coexisting plants could increase microbe population and the activity of phosphatases, dehydrogenases and, in particular, ureases. Soil enzyme activity was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil in this study. Heavy metal pollution decreased the richness of the soil microbial community, but plant diversity increased DNA sequence diversity and maintained DNA sequence diversity at highlevels. The genetic polymorphism under heavy metal stress was higher in B. juncea phytoremediated soil than in F. arundinacea planted soil.

关键词： enzyme activity soil DNA microbial popula-tion plant diversity heavy metal

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Quantitative Remote Sensing Study on Regional Soil Erosion——Bin County of Heilongjiang as an Example

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2008年第3期13卷 377-384页

作者： XU Xia miao chiyuan LIAO Yunfei Faculty of Geography Resources Sciences Sichuan NormalUniversity Chengdu 610066 Sichuan China Geography and Remote Sensing Academy Beijing NormalUniversity Beijing 100875 China School of Environment and Natural Resources RenminUniversity of China Beijing 100872 China

Based on Chinese soil loss equation （CSLE） model, this paper utilized technical advantages of RS and geographic information system （GIS） on data access and erosion factors database building to study prediction methods of regional soil erosion. The spatial analysis module of ARCGIS platform was applied to study the spatial distribution of erosion and the inter-relations of the factors influencing regional soil erosion in the research area. As a result, the mean soil erosion modulus of Bin County is 3 555.42 t/（km^2.a）, which suggests moderate degree erosion. The mean soil erosion modulus of clayey meadow soil is higher than those of dark brown soil and black soil. Vegetation factor values are between 0.1-0.2. The mean slope gradient and slope length values are respectively 1.335 and 6.061 which shows slope length is a dominant factor. And soil type, vegetation coverage and topographic factors have remarkable relevance to each other. Therefore, RS, GIS and CSLE are applicable in regional scale to disclose spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion and to analyze the characteristics of dominant soil erosion factor quantitatively.

关键词： regional soil erosion geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis Chinese soil loss equation

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Is the runoff coefficient increasing or decreasing after ecological restoration on China’s Loess Plateau?

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第3期9卷 333-343页

作者： Haiyan Zheng chiyuan miao Guanghui Zhang Xiaoyan Li Shuai Wang Jingwen Wu Jiaojiao Gou State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

The“Grain for Green”project(GGP)was launched in 1999 on China’s Loess Plateau to reduce soil erosion,which had far-reaching impacts on the local eco-hydrological *** this study,we use monthly runoff depth and precipitation datasets spanning 1961 to 2015 for 16 primary basins of the plateau to reveal changes in runoff generation capacity before and after the *** use a Budyko-based elasticity method to calculate the runoff depth(R_(1))and runoff coefficient(C_(1))exclusively attributable to land use/cover *** indicate that the mean annual runoff coefficients(Co)decline by 26%—76%from the periods 1961—1999 to 2000—*** annual observed runoff depth(Ro)and C_(0)for 75%of basins show significant downward trends during 1961—1999;after the implementation of the GGP,both annual Ro and annual Co for over 50%of basins show upward *** study further finds that the increase of erosive rainfall during the period 2000-2015,whose mean increasing rate reaches 4.6 mm/year,is the main reason for the upward trends of Ro and *** removing the effect of precipitation variation during this period,we find that 11 out of 16 basins show decreased trends for Cj,with the downward rate between 2.4%and 6.0%per *** reduction rate in semi-arid areas is about four times the rate in semi-humid *** results remind us to consider the carrying capacity of local water resources when implementing soil and water conservation measures across the Loess Plateau.

关键词： Loess Plateau Precipitation Runoff coefficient Budyko-based elasticity method Land use/cover change

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Bias Correction and Ensemble Projections of Temperature Changes over Ten Subregions in CORDEX East Asia

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第11期37卷 1191-1210页

作者： Chenwei SHEN Qingyun DUAN chiyuan miao Chang XING Xuewei FAN Yi WU Jingya HAN State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Regional climate models(RCMs)participating in the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment(CORDEX)have been widely used for providing detailed climate change information for specific regions under different emissions *** study assesses the effects of three common bias correction methods and two multi-model averaging methods in calibrating historical(1980−2005)temperature simulations over East ***(2006−49)temperature trends under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP)4.5 and 8.5 scenarios are projected based on the optimal bias correction and ensemble averaging *** show the following:(1)The driving global climate model and RCMs can capture the spatial pattern of annual average temperature but with cold biases over most regions,especially in the Tibetan Plateau region.(2)All bias correction methods can significantly reduce the simulation *** quantile mapping method outperforms other bias correction methods in all RCMs,with a maximum relative decrease in root-mean-square error for five RCMs reaching 59.8%(HadGEM3-RA),63.2%(MM5),51.3%(RegCM),80.7%(YSU-RCM)and 62.0%(WRF).(3)The Bayesian model averaging(BMA)method outperforms the simple multi-model averaging(SMA)method in narrowing the uncertainty of bias-corrected *** the spatial correlation coefficient,the improvement rate of the BMA method ranges from 2%to 31%over the 10 subregions,when compared with individual RCMs.(4)For temperature projections,the warming is significant,ranging from 1.2°C to 3.5°C across the whole domain under the RCP8.5 scenario.(5)The quantile mapping method reduces the uncertainty over all subregions by between 66%and 94%.

关键词： CORDEX-EA bias correction BMA temperature projection

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水文模型参数敏感性分析——优化——区域化方法研究进展

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地理科学进展 2022年第7期41卷 1338-1348页

作者：苟娇娇缪驰远段青云北京师范大学地理科学学部北京100875 河海大学水文水资源学院南京210098

水文模型是认识水文科学规律、分析水文过程及研究水文循环机理的重要科学工具。水文模型模拟结果的不确定分析是提高模型可靠性、进行有效水情预报的一个重要研究内容。参数不确定性是影响水文模型模拟结果不确定性的关键因素之一,开... 详细信息

水文模型是认识水文科学规律、分析水文过程及研究水文循环机理的重要科学工具。水文模型模拟结果的不确定分析是提高模型可靠性、进行有效水情预报的一个重要研究内容。参数不确定性是影响水文模型模拟结果不确定性的关键因素之一,开展模型参数不确定性及其影响因素分析对水文预报具有重要现实意义。目前的参数不确定性分析方法大致可分为3类:参数敏感性分析、参数优化以及考虑无资料流域参数值估计的参数区域化方法。论文归纳总结了近年来国内外水文模型参数不确定性分析工作的主要研究进展,分析了不同方法的优点与不足,提出了未来水文模型不确定性分析方法研究的潜在发展方向。借助多学科理论和技术方法,加强水文模型不确定性分析系统性方法的研究,是水文学科当前的迫切需求及发展趋势。

关键词：水文模型参数不确定性敏感性分析参数优化参数区域化

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