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An Ordering Policy for Deteriorating Items with Time-Dependent Quadratic Demand and Salvage Value under Permissible Delay in Payment

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American Journal of Operations Research 2019年第5期9卷 201-218页

作者： Trailokyanath Singh Madan Mohan Muduly chittaranjan mallick Rahul Kumar Gupta Hadibandhu Pattanayak Department of Mathematics C. V. Raman College of Engineering Bhubaneswar India Department of Mathematics CET Techno Campus Bhubaneswar India Department of Mathematics Parala Maharaja Engineering College Berhampur India Department of Mathematics Ravenshaw University Cuttack India

The article deals with an economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model for deteriorating items in which the supplier provides the purchaser a permissible delay in payment. This is so when deterioration of units in the inventory is subject to constant deterioration rate, demand rate is quadratic function of time and salvage value is associated with the deteriorated units. Shortages in the system are not allowed to occur. A mathematical formulation is developed when the supplier offers a permissible delay period to the customers under two circumstances: 1) when delay period is less than the cycle of time;and 2) when delay period is greater than the cycle of time. The method is suitable for the items like state-of-the-art aircrafts, super computers, laptops, android mobiles, seasonal items and machines and their spare parts. A solution procedure algorithm is given for finding the optimal order quantity which minimizes the total cost of an inventory system. The article includes numerical examples to support the effectiveness of the developed model. Finally, sensitivity analysis on some parameters on optimal solution is provided.

关键词： Constant Deterioration Rate Deteriorating Items Economic Order Quantity Permissible Delay in Payment Salvage Value Time-Dependent Quadratic Demand Rate

Litterfall,decomposition and nutrient release of Shorea robusta and Tectona grandis in a sub-tropical forest of West Bengal,Eastern India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第5期27卷 1055-1065页

作者： chittaranjan Das Naba Kumar Mondal Department of Environmental Science The University of Burdwan

We studied leaf litter fall, decomposition and nutrient release patterns of Shorea robusta and Tectona grandis by using a litter bag technique to better understand the release pattern of nutrients to soil from leaf litter. Annual litterfall varied from 13.40 ± 2.56 t ha-1 a-1 for S. robusta to 11.03 ± 3.72 t ha-1 a-1 for T. grandis and the decay constant （k） of decomposed leaf litter was distinctly higher for T. grandis （2.70 ± 0.50 a-1） compared to S. robusta （2.41 ±0.30 a-1）. Biomass loss was positively correlated with the initial litter C, WSC, C/N and ash content in S. robusta and N, P and K concentration for T. grandis. Biomass was negatively correlated with lignin and L/N ratio for S. robusta and L, WSC, L/N and C/N ratio for T. grandis （P 〈 0.01）. Nutrient use efficiency （NUE） and nutrient accumulation index （NAI） of S. robusta was higher than for T. grandis. The retranslocation of bioelements from senescent leaves ranked as P 〉 N 〉 K. Annual N, P and K input to soil through litterfall differed significantly between the two species in the following order： N〉K^P. S. robusta was superior in terms of K and P return and T. grandis was superior in terms of N return. The two tree species showed a similar patterns of nutrient release （K 〉 P 〉 N） during decomposition of their leaf *** of N, K and P were the primary limiting nutrients returned to soil through litterfall with important roles in soil fertility and forest productivity.

关键词： Decay constant Lignin Litterfall Nutrientreturn Decomposition Nutrient use efficiency

Clinical significance of anti-nucleocapsid-IgG sero-positivity in SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients in North Dakota

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World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases 2022年第2期12卷 50-60页

作者： Bakir Dzananovic Mark Williamson Casmiar Nwaigwe chittaranjan Routray Department of Medicine Idaho College of Osteopathic MedicineMeridianID 83642United States Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Research Design CoreUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksND 58202United States Department of Internal Medicine University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesMinotND 58701United States Family Medicine University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesMinotND 58701United States Department of Internal Medicine Trinity HealthMinotND 58701United States

BACKGROUND During the peak of the coronavirus diseases 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,clinicians actively studied the utility of various epidemiologic-clinical parameters to determine the prognosis for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** IgG antibody level,DDimer,C-reactive protein and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,*** studied to assess their association with the clinical course in hospitalized patients and predict who may be at increased risk for poor clinical ***,the influence of SARS-CoV-2-anti-nucleocapsid-IgG antibody(IgG-N)sero-positivity on the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19 is largely *** To study the influence of SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid-IgG seropositivity on clinical course and diseases severity in hospitalized COVID-19 *** We conducted a retrospective study of adults admitted to a tertiary care community hospital in North Dakota with *** patients had severeCOVID-19 disease or worse and so required supplemental oxygen on *** were serologically tested for SARS-CoV-2-anti-nuceocapsid-IgG(IgG-N).The IgG-N positive group were 26 patients and the IgG-N negative group had 33 *** groups received similar treatment for COVID-19 as approved by our healthcare system from Day 1 of admission until discharge or *** parameters for monitoring the patients’clinical course included the following:Length of hospitalization(LOS),use of high flow nasal canula(HFNC),use of noninvasive bilevel positive pressure ventilation(BiPAP),admission into the intensive care unit,need for mechanical ventilation(VENT);and the patient outcome/discharge or *** variables included were age,gender and body-mass-index,and duration of symptoms before *** each variable,the outcome was modeled as a function of SARS-CoV-2-IgG-N status(positive or negative)using a generalized linear *** LOS-days,a negative binomial dist

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 IgG-N Anti-nucleocapsid IgG Cytokines

Structure, Photochromism and Liquid Crystal Properties of 1-Alkyl-2-(Arylazo)Imidazoles (Raai-C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+1</sub>, n (Even) = 10 - 22)

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2013年第2期3卷 133-145页

作者： Avijit Nandi Chandana Sen Debashis mallick Randhir K. Sinha chittaranjan Sinha Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry Section Jadavpur University Kolkata India Department of Chemistry Mrinalini Datta Mahavidyapith Birati India

Photochromism is the reversible structural change of the molecules upon light irradiation having different spectral pattern before and after irradiation. Liquid crystal (LC) is a long-range orientational order of the molecules in between solid and isotropic liquid phases which share the properties of the crystal and liquid phases. 1-Alkyl-2-(ary-lazo)imidazoles, (Raai-CnH2n+1, R = H, Me and n = 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22) exhibits photochromism and two of them (Haai-C18H37 and Haai-C22H45) show Liquid crystal (LC) properties. One of these compounds, Meaai-C16H33 is structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The compounds upon irradiation with UV light show E-to-Z isomerisation. Quantum yields (φE→Z) of E-to-Z isomerisation vary with the molar mass of the compounds. The reverse transformation, Z-to-E, is recorded in thermal condition. The activation energy (Ea) of isomerisation is determined by the controlled temperature reaction. Liquid crystal property of the molecules is examined by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and DSC. The carbon chain length n = 18 shows nematic (N)-isotropic (I) phase transition and an unknown Smectic (Sm) phase is observed with n = 22 on heating cycle.

关键词： Arylazoimidazoles Structure Photochromism Liquid Crystal Nematic-Isotropic Phase Transition Smectic Phase

The Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability Due to Leaching of Chemicals: The Review of Attenuation Factor

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2016年第1期6卷 9-20页

作者： Sivarajah Mylevaganam chittaranjan Ray University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

To assess the groundwater vulnerability due to leaching of chemicals, the groundwater system in the unsaturated zone is characterized by conceptual models that are further extended and refined with more detailed mathematical models to understand the governing physical processes in detail. However, due to lack of data and uncertainty level, an intermediate transition through index based models is researched. The attenuation factor (AF) approach, which works under the assumption that the chemicals degrade following a first-order kinetics and determines the fraction of the chemicals that goes to groundwater table, is one of the index based models that has been widely used due to its simplicity. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review the research works done using the AF approach, to outline the future research needs. Furthermore, the mathematical implementation of the AF approach and the associated uncertainty levels is explained through an example and MATLAB source code.

关键词： Attenuation Factor Index Based Models Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Uncertainty Level Volatization MATLAB

A Spatial Evapotranspiration Tool at Grid Scale

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2016年第1期6卷 64-77页

作者： Sivarajah Mylevaganam chittaranjan Ray University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

The drastic decline in groundwater table and many other detrimental effects in meeting irrigation demand, and the projected population growth have force to evaluate consumptive use or evapo-transpiration (ET), the rate of liquid water transformation to vapor from open water, bare soil, and vegetation, which determines the irrigation demand. As underscored in the literature, Pen-man-Monteith method which is based on aerodynamic and energy balance method is widely used and accepted as the method of estimation of ET. However, the estimation of ET is oftentimes carried out using meteorological data from climate stations. Therefore, such estimation of ET may vary spatially and thus there exists a need to estimate ET spatially at different spatial or grid scales/resolutions. Thus, in this paper, a spatial tool that can geographically encompass all the best available climate datasets to produce ET at different spatial scales is developed. The spatial tool is developed as a Python toolbox in ArcGIS using Python, an open source programming language, and the ArcPy site-package of ArcGIS. The developed spatial tool is demonstrated using the meteorological data from Automated Weather Data Network in Nebraska in 2010.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Method Aerodynamic Method Energy Balance Method Python ArcPy ArcGIS Spatial Scale Geoprocessing Python Toolbox

The Spatial Sensitivity Analysis of Evapotranspiration using Penman-Monteith Method at Grid Scale

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2016年第1期8卷 121-136页

作者： Sivarajah Mylevaganam chittaranjan Ray University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

The need to allocate the existing water in a sustainable manner, even with the projected population growth, has made to assess the consumptive use or evapotranspiration (ET), which determines the irrigation demand. As underscored in the literature, Penman-Monteith method which is a combination of aerodynamic and energy balance method is widely used and accepted as the method of estimation of ET. However, the application of Penman-Monteith relies on many climate parameters such as relative humidity, solar radiation, temperature, and wind speed. Therefore, there exists a need to determine the parameters that are most sensitive and correlated with dependent variable (i.e., ET), to strengthen the knowledge base. However, the sensitivity of ET using Penman-Monteith is oftentimes estimated using meteorological data from climate stations. Such estimation of sensitivity may vary spatially and thus there exists a need to estimate sensitivity of ET spatially. Thus, in this paper, based on One-AT-A-Time (OAT) method, a spatial sensitivity tool that can geographically encompass all the best available climate datasets to produce ET and its sensitivity at different spatial scales is developed. The spatial tool is developed as a Python toolbox in ArcGIS using Python, an open source programming language, and the ArcPy site-package of ArcGIS. The developed spatial tool is demonstrated using the meteorological data from Automated Weather Data Network in Nebraska in 2010. To summarize the outcome of the sensitivity analysis using OAT method, sensitivity indices are developed for each raster cell. The demonstration of the tool shows that, among the considered parameters, the computed ET using Penman-Monteith is highly sensitive to solar radiation followed by temperature for the state of Nebraska, as depicted by the sensitivity index. The computed sensitivity index of wind speed and the relative humidity are not that significant compared to the sensitivity index of solar radiation and t

关键词： Evapotranspiration Penman-Monteith Method Aerodynamic Method Energy Balance Method Python ArcPy ArcGIS Spatial Scale Geoprocessing Python Toolbox Sensitivity Analysis One-AT-A-Time Sensitivity Index

Clavicle Hook Depth and Impingement Syndrome—A Cause-Effect Relationship

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第1期7卷 1-6页

作者： Senthil Loganathan Shenbaghavalli Thanikaimalai Jambu Nageshwaran Samuel chittaranjan Department of Orthopaedics Sri Ramachandra University Chennai India

Background: Clavicular hook plates are effective fixation devices for lateral end clavicle fractures and acromioclavicular joint dislocations and have been extensively used in the last decade. Although this plate achieves a high percentage of union, there are concerns about sub-acromial osteolysis and impingement of supraspinatus tendon. Objective: To show that impingement of supraspinatus tendon can be prevented by measuring the depth between acromion and supraspinatus tendon posteriorly and using hook plates of appropriate depth. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study on 25 patients with lateral end clavicle fractures and acromio clavicular joint disruptions by measuring the depth between posterior border of acromion and the superior border of supraspinatus at the point of application of hook plate. Fixation is then done by appropriate sized hook plate. Results: None of the patients had impingement of supraspinatus tendon. Five patients developed subacromial osteolysis which did not have any impact on shoulder function. Conclusion: There is a variation in anatomy of the acromion in different ethnic groups. Hence uniform sized hook plate will be inappropriate. A smaller hook depth is needed in south Asian population to prevent impingement.

关键词： Hook Plate Clavicle Hook Depth Impingement

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节肢动物的基因组图和基因组学

国外科技新书评介 2008年第4期 23-24页

作者： Wayne Hunter chittaranjan Kole 刘克玲 USDA ARSUnited StatesHorticultural Research Laboratory Clemson University 中国科学院过程工程研究所

***等人1972年首次破译基因序列，开辟了遗传学的新时代，即基因组学时代。此后，很多生物的基因序列被破译。这些里程碑式的发现推动了生命科学的发展。20世纪的最后20年里，出现了聚合酶链式反应及克隆技术。基因组图实验、克隆基因... 详细信息

***等人1972年首次破译基因序列，开辟了遗传学的新时代，即基因组学时代。此后，很多生物的基因序列被破译。这些里程碑式的发现推动了生命科学的发展。20世纪的最后20年里，出现了聚合酶链式反应及克隆技术。基因组图实验、克隆基因、转录等过程中的大量数据需要分析储存，

关键词：基因组学基因组图节肢动物聚合酶链式反应基因序列生命科学克隆技术克隆基因