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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 411-427页

作者： Gowtham PADMANABHAN Ganesh Kumar shanmugam Department of Earthquake Engineering Indian Institute of Technology RoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India Geotechnical Engineering Division CSIR-Central Building Research Institute Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research(AcSIR)Uttarakhand 247667India

The use of prefabricated vertical drains(PVD)in liquefiable deposits is gaining attention due to enhanced ***,investigations on PVD in mitigating re-liquefaction during repeated shaking events are not *** study performed a series of shaking table experiments on untreated and PVD-treated specimens prepared with 40%and 60%relative *** sinusoidal loading was applied with an incremental peak acceleration of 0.1g,0.2g,0.3g,and 0.4g,at 5 Hz shaking frequency with 40 s *** performance of treated ground was evaluated based on the generation and dissipation of excess pore water pressure(EPWP),induced sand densification,subsidence,and cyclic stress *** addition,the strain accumulated in fresh and exhumed PVD was investigated using geotextile tensile testing apparatus aided with digital image *** evidence of pore pressure was reported up to 0.2g peak acceleration for 40%and 60%relative density *** continuous occurrence of soil densification and drainage medium restrained and delayed the generation of EPWP and expedited the dissipation *** study demonstrates PVD can mitigate re-liquefaction,without suffering from deterioration,when subjected to medium to high intense repeated shaking events.

关键词： prefabricated vertical drains drainage re-liquefaction shaking table digital image correlation

Dietary eubiotics of microbial muramidase and glycan improve intestinal villi,ileum microbiota composition and production trait of broiler

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1723-1736页

作者： Sungbo Cho shanmugam Suresh Kumar Santiago Ramirez Rolando Valientes In Ho Kim Department of Animal Resource and Science Dankook UniversityCheonanChungnam 31116Korea Smart Animal Bio Institute Dankook University CheonanKorea DSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific Mapletree Business CitySingapore 117440Singapore

Background Optimal gut health is important to maximize growth performance and feed efficiency in broiler chickens.A total of 1,365 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into 5 treatments groups with 21 replicates,13 birds per *** present research investigated effects of microbial muramidase or a precision glycan alone or in combination on growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility,total blood carotenoid content,intestinal villus length,meat quality and gut microbiota in broiler *** included:NC:negative control(basal diet group);PC:positive control(basal diet+0.02%probiotics);MR:basal diet+0.035%microbial muramidase;PG:basal diet+0.1%precision glycan;and MRPG:basal diet+0.025%MR+0.1%PG,*** MRPG group increased the body weight gain and feed intake(P<0.05)compared with NC ***,it significantly increased total serum carotenoid(P<0.05)and MRPG altered the microbial diversity in ileum *** MRPG treatment group increased the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes,and family Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae,Oscillospiraceae,Lactobacillaceae,Peptostreptococcaceae and decreased the abundance of the phylum Campilobacterota,Bacteroidota and family *** with the NC group,the chickens fed MRPG showed significantly increased in duodenum villus length at end the *** In this study,overall results showed that the synergetic effects of MR and PG showed enhancing growth performance,total serum carotenoid level and altering gut microbiota composition of *** current research indicates that co-supplementation of MR and PG in broiler diets enhances intestinal health,consequently leading to an increased broiler production.

关键词： Broiler Intestinal morphology Microbial muramidase Precision glycan Probiotics

Oesophageal carcinoma mimicking a submucosal lesion: A case report

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2019年第11期11卷 541-547页

作者： Revathy Marimuthu shanmugam chitra shanmugam Manimaran Murugesan Muthukumaran Kalyansundaram Sathya Gopalsamy Amiya Ranjan Department of Medical Gastroenterology Government Stanley Medical College

BACKGROUND Oesophageal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in *** squamous cell carcinomas(ESCCs)arise from the epithelial layer,and commonly present as polypoidal,ulcerative or ulceroproliferative growth in the oesophageal *** contrast,oesophageal submucosal tumours are a distinct group of tumours arising from the mesenchyme(examples include leiomyoma,fibrovasculoma,lipoma,granular cell tumour or carcinoid),and mostly do not breach the *** submucosal tumours are a distinct group of tumours arising from the mesenchyme,and mostly do not breach the *** intramural growth of an advanced primary ESCC is an exceedingly rare presentation,with only six cases reported in the literature thus *** herein report a case of primary ESCC with complete intramural invasion that endoscopically mimics a submucosal *** SUMMARY A 50 year old male presented with a progressive mechanical type of dysphagia for one *** history was significant,including squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue that was treated with surgery and chemoradiation 1 year *** gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a large,hemispherical lesion with normalappearing overlying mucosa about 4 cm×5 cm in size extending from 30-34 cm from *** patient underwent endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),and a fineneedle biopsy was performed,which was suggestive for squamous cell *** herein report a case of primary ESCC with complete intramural invasion,endoscopically mimicking a submucosal *** diagnosis could be established only by a EUS-guided *** This case report highlights that intramural ESCC may look like a submucosal lesion in endoscopy,and EUS biopsy is needed for final diagnosis.

关键词： Intramural esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Submucosal lesion of esophagus Endoscopic ultrasound Case report

Application of Enzyme Inhibition Therapy in the Management/Treatment of Neurological Conditions, Diseases, and Disorders

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第4期8卷 264-283页

作者： Kirubanandan shanmugam Independent Research Professional ChennaiIndia

Enzyme inhibition therapy uses specific molecules to inhibit enzyme activity, targeting disease-related enzymes in medical treatments like cancer treatment and infectious disease management. Different types of inhibitors, competitive and non-competitive, bind to different sites and alter enzyme function. The success of this therapy depends on the inhibitor’s specificity and delivery to the target site. Further research could lead to more effective treatments. Nowadays, the majority of medications are enzyme inhibitors and are in the clinical or pre-clinical stages of drug development. Enzyme inhibitors are often prescribed medications for a variety of illnesses, including neurological problems. There is only symptomatic therapy available for many neurological conditions, particularly neuro-degenerative disorders, as opposed to therapy based on knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of these diseases. Enzyme inhibitors are useful as they block the function of certain enzymes whose aberrant activity could be contributing to the illness. They also alleviate the symptoms and stop the disease’s progression. This review discusses the mechanism of action of several enzyme inhibitors that have been prescribed as medications for neurological illnesses as well as some that are still in research stages.

关键词： Enzyme inhibitors Neurology Mechanism of action Enzymes

Fabrication of Free Standing Nanocellulose Film via Spray Coating and its Biomedical Application: A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第4期8卷 411-447页

作者： Kirubanandan shanmugam Independent Research Professional ChennaiIndia

Spraying nanocellulose onto films provides a quick and scalable way to create free-standing films with exceptional consistency and customizable thickness. This method increases the application of nanocellulose films in various industries and satisfies the requirements of large-scale production. In the field of biomedicine, spray-coated free-standing nanocellulose films hold great promise for applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, device coatings, and biosensing. They are excellent nanomaterials for a variety of biomedical applications due to their special qualities, including biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, porous structure, large surface area, and adaptability. This paper reviewed the detailed exposure of the spray coating process of nanocellulose suspension onto free- standing films and its biomedical applications.

关键词： Spraying Nanocellulose Film Free Standing Film Thickness Basis weight

3D Collagen Gels:A Promising Platform for Dendritic Cell Culture in Biomaterials Research

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Proceedings of Anticancer Research 2024年第4期8卷 124-134页

作者： Kirubanandan shanmugam Independent Research Scholar ChennaiIndia.

The three-dimensional(3D)cell culture system has garnered significant attention in recent years as a means of studying cell behavior and tissue development,as opposed to traditional two-dimensional *** systems can induce specific cell reactions,promote specific tissue functions,and serve as valuable tools for research in tissue engineering,regenerative medicine,and drug *** paper discusses current developments in the field of three-dimensional cell culture and the potential applications of 3D type 1 collagen gels to enhance the growth and maturation of dendritic cells.

关键词： Three-dimensional cell culture Dendritic cells Type 1 collagen gels Bovine tendons and rat tails

Tissue Regeneration in Infected Wounds of Albino Rats Using Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Gelatin Microspheres Incorporated Collagen Scaffold: A Histological Approach with H&E Staining

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第5期8卷 156-168页

作者： Kirubanandan shanmugam Independent Research Professional Chennai 600116India

A wound care system consisting of ciprofloxacin-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated in a macroporous collagen scaffold was created to effectively control wound infection and regenerate soft tissue at the wound *** and biochemical alterations were observed in infected wounds treated with these scaffolds in Albino Wistar ***,the study examined the immediate and prolonged release of ciprofloxacin from the scaffolds,as well as their function in eliminating bacterial infections and expediting the process of skin healing and *** developed technique was followed in the streamlined process of creating these collagen *** to untreated wounds,the group receiving scaffold treatment experienced a faster rate of wound *** was noted that the rate of infections was considerably reduced and that full soft tissue regeneration occurred within 12 *** development of well-deposited collagen bundles in the treated groups was demonstrated by H&E staining,which verified the flawless regeneration of the dermis and *** antimicrobial agent-loaded gelatin microspheres impregnated into the porous collagen scaffold demonstrated remarkable soft tissue regeneration and efficient infection control at the wound site.

关键词： Gelatin microspheres Collagen Controlled release Wound healing

Nanobioceramics for Tissue Engineering Application

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第6期8卷 359-372页

作者： Kirubanandan shanmugam Independent Research Scholar ChennaiIndia

Nanobiomaterials demonstrate great potential in bone and dental tissue *** materials mimic the natural extracellular matrix in the human body,promoting the controlled release of growth factors and other bioactive molecules to enhance tissue regeneration and *** mimic the structure and composition of natural bone.A major challenge in hard tissue healing is creating scaffolds that incorporate stem cells for bone tissue *** and implants for regenerative medicine should be designed using computer-aided design(CAD)and three-dimensional(3D)printing to replicate the tissue's anatomical *** studies should examine the relationship between the size of bioceramics and biological *** more interacting nature of nanoceramics better triggers the cellular processes,facilitating the regeneration of calcified *** and osteoclasts are crucial in the development and maintenance of calcified tissue in vivo,and nanoceramics enhance the functionality of orthopedic and dental implants.

关键词： Nanobioceramics Bone repair Orthopedic and dental application

Anti-Diabetic Activity of an Extract of Syzygium Jambolanum - A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第3期8卷 220-231页

作者： Kirubanandan shanmugam Independent Research Professional ChennaiTamil NaduIndia

Syzygium jambolanum is a promising natural treatment for *** potential benefits of S jambolanum for diabetes include lowering blood sugar levels,increasing insulin sensitivity,protecting pancreatic beta cells,and slowing the absorption of glucose into the *** anti-diabetic activity of the crude extract of S jambolanum was evaluated in L6 myotubes and the lipid deposition in tissue was measured using Nile red *** red staining confirmed that a considerable quantity of lipids had been deposited in the tissue treated with a crude extract of S jambolanum,comparable to the quantity of lipids deposited with a standard drug known as *** study analyzed the anti-diabetic activity of a crude extract of S jambolanum to understand its potential as a feedstock for extracting bioactive constituents to screen for bioactive molecules in the treatment of diabetes.

关键词： Syzygium jambolanum L6 myoblasts Column chromatography Nile red staining

Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles using an Extract of the root of Asparagus racemosus:Basic Synthesis,Antimicrobial,and Anti-oxidant Potentials

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第2期8卷 137-148页

作者： Subha Veeramani Kirubanandan shanmugam National Centre for Nano science and Nanotechnology University of MadrasGuindy CampusChennai 600025.India. Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATSThandalamChennai 602105India

Copper nanoparticles(CuNPs)have emerged as a promising alternative due to their unique antimicrobial *** synthesis of CuNPs using Asparagus racemosus,commonly known as Shatavari,offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to producing ***,the resulting CuNPs have been found to possess excellent antibacterial,and antioxidant properties,which further expands their potential applications in medicine and environmental *** this article,we discussed the in vitro characterization of the *** vitro studies revealed that CuNPs have the potential for biomedical applications and as a base nanomaterial for the construction of drug delivery and targeting vehicles.

关键词： Copper nanoparticles Green Synthesis Asparagus racemosus Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities