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TOWARDS A HUMAN DIGNITY BASED APPROACH TO FOOD SECURITY： LESSONS FROM CHINA AND INDIA

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2016年第2期11卷 243-265页

作者： Nandini Ramanujam Stephanie chow Faculty of Law McGill University Centre of Human Rights and Legal Pluralism at McGill University MontrealCanada

Despite almost halving the proportion of the world＇s undernourished over the past two and half decades, the number of undernourished people in the world remains staggeringly high. Efforts to address the global state of food insecurity must target China and India, which are home to the world＇s highest and second highest number of undernourished people. This article analyzes the comparative experiences of tackling food security in China and India and adopts an inter-disciplinary approach, which melds legal, economic, and human perspectives to food security. Both China and India have made concerted efforts to improve food security of vulnerable populations in the past three decades. These efforts have historically focused on actively promoting grain production, which has been largely successful in achieving grain self-sufficiency and securing adequate availability of food for their populations. However, the contemporary challenges to food security are now increasingly driven by unsustainable dietary patterns and are exacerbated by growing populations, increasing wealth, and the globalization of food supply chains. As a result, the cause of food insecurity is no longer fundamentally about food supply, but rather about the extent to which marginalized populations are empowered with the rights, freedoms, and capabilities that enable them to attain healthy and productive lives. China and India apply markedly different approaches to address the issue of people＇s access to food. In India, the right to food movement has gained momentum through the work of civil society actors and there is now a legal right to food. In contrast, in China the right to food is neither stipulated in Chinese law nor referenced to in the official policy rhetoric as the country seeks to ensure access to food by focusing on poverty alleviation more generally through an income transfer program and a non-food based, social safety net to help the poor. At the same time, the Chinese population＇s high edu

关键词： food security human dignity human capabilities right to food

Media Independent Handover Scheme with QoS Provision across UMTS and WiMAX Networks

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China Communications 2012年第7期9卷 55-70页

作者： Xu Yihan Chee-Onn chow Khong-Neng Choong Hiroshi Ishii Department of Electrical Engineering University of Malaya Lembah Pantai Kuala Lumpur 50603 Malaysia Wireless Communication Cluster MIMOS Berhad Technology Park Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 57000 Malaysia Professional Graduate School of Embedded Technology Tokai University Minato-ku Tokyo 108-8619 Japan

The rapid growth and innovation of the various mobile communication technologies have caused a change in the paradigm of internet access. Wireless technologies such as WiMAX, Wi-Fi and UMTS/LTE networks have shown great potential in dominating the wireless access markets. The existence of various access technologies requires a means for seamless internetworking to provide anywhere, anytime services without interruption in the ongoing session, especially in multimedia applications with rigid Quality of Services(QoS) requirements. The IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH) working group was formed to develop a set of mechanisms under a standard framework with the capability to support migration of mobile users across heterogeneous networks. Therefore, the implementation of handover is extremely important in the heterogeneous network environment. In order to guarantee various QoS requirements during handover execution especially in multimedia applications, in this paper we propose a novel MIH-based capacity estimation algorithm to execute handover with QoS provision supporting both horizontal and vertical handovers across UMTS and WiMAX networks. Simulation shows that the proposed mechanism achieves lower call dropping rate (highest approximate 3%) and higher system throughput (average 92%) than the basic handover method does.

关键词： UMTS 网络连接多媒体 WiMAX QoS 交接移动通信技术无线技术

Effects of music and video on perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第1期6卷 81-88页

作者： Enoch C.chow Jennifer L.Etnier Department of Kinesiology University of North Carolina at GreensboroGreensboroNC 27412USA

Background: Dissociative attentional stimuli(e.g., music, video) are effective in decreasing ratings of perceived exertion(RPE) during low-tomoderate intensity exercise, but have inconsistent results during exercise at higher intensity. The purpose of this study was to assess attentional focus and RPE during high-intensity exercise as a function of being exposed to music, video, both(music and video), or a no-treatment control ***: During the first session, healthy men(n = 15) completed a maximal fitness test to determine the workload necessary for high-intensity exercise(operationalized as 125% ventilatory threshold) to be performed during subsequent sessions. On 4 subsequent days, they completed 20 min of high-intensity exercise in a no-treatment control condition or while listening to music, watching a video, or both. Attentional focus, RPE,heart rate, and distance covered were measured every 4 min during the ***: Music and video in combination resulted in significantly lower RPE across time(partial η~2= 0.36) and the size of the effect increased over time(partial η~2= 0.14). Additionally, music and video in combination resulted in a significantly more dissociative focus than the other conditions(partial η~2= 0.29).Conclusion: Music and video in combination may result in lower perceived exertion during high-intensity exercise when compared to music or video in isolation. Future research will be necessary to test if reductions in perceived exertion in response to dissociative attentional stimuli have implications for exercise adherence.

关键词： Acute exercise Attentional focus Effort Perceived exertion

Asymptotic dynamics of a modified discrete Leslie-Gower competition system

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2017年第6期10卷 1-23页

作者： Yunshyong chow Sophia R.-J. Jang Institute of Mathematics Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan Department of Mathematics and StatisticsTexas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409-1042 USA

We propose a modified discrete-time Leslie–Gower competition system of two populations to study competition outcomes. Depending on the magnitude of a particular model parameter that measures intraspecific competition between individuals within the same population, either one or both populations may be subject to Allee effects. The resulting system can have up to four coexisting steady states. Using the theory of planar competitive maps, it is shown that the model has only equilibrium dynamics. The competition outcomes then depend not only on the parameter regimes but may also depend on the initial population distributions.

关键词：竞争系统平衡动力学离散 Allee效应种群竞争模型参数种内竞争稳定状态

A survey of sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in the environment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 21-27页

作者： Louise K.M.chow Timothy M.Ghaly Michael R.Gillings Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia

Antibiotics are poorly metabolized,and can enter the environment via human waste streams,agricultural run-off and pharmaceutical *** consequently expect to see a concentration gradient of antibiotic compounds radiating from areas of human *** antibiotics should be thought of as pollutants,as they can accumulate,and have biological *** antibiotic pollutants can increase rates of mutation and lateral transfer events,and continue to exert selection pressure even at sub-inhibitory ***,we conducted a literature survey on environmental concentrations of *** collated 887 data points from 40 peer-reviewed *** then determined whether these concentrations were biologically relevant by comparing them to their minimum selective concentrations,usually defined as between 1/4 and 1/230 of the minimum inhibitory *** concentrations of antibiotics surveyed often fall into this *** general,the antibiotic concentrations recorded in aquatic and sediment samples were *** findings indicate that environmental concentrations of antibiotics are likely to be influencing microbial ecology,and to be driving the selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

关键词： Antimicrobial Pollution Evolution Microorganism Environment Antibiotic resistance

Snapping wrist due to bony prominence and tenosynovitis of the first extensor compartment:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第16期9卷 3908-3913页

作者： Chia Jung Hu Po-Chin chow I-Shiang Tzeng Department of Orthopedics Taipei Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationNew Taipei 23142Taiwan Department of Research Taipei Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationNew Taipei 23142Taiwan

BACKGROUND A snapping wrist is a rare symptom that results from the sudden impingement of one anatomic structure against another,subsequently causing a sudden movement only during wrist *** SUMMARY A 30-year-old woman with a history of right wrist contusion reported right wrist snapping after *** snapping became symptomatic after moving heavy *** pain persisted even when she received 1 mo of conservative *** examination showed painful wrist snapping during wrist radioulnar motion and thumb *** demonstrated bone overgrowth over the radial styloid *** disclosed a tendon jumping over a bony prominence in the first compartment during wrist *** resonance imaging revealed no anomalous tendon nor tumorlike *** the wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet(WALANT)technique,the lesion was identified in the first extensor *** patient received stepwise extensor retinaculum release,synovectomy,and bone spur *** 6th week,the patient was completely free of pain and unable to snap her *** started working 7 wk after the *** year after the surgery,the wrist snap was not *** Careful physical examination and dynamic sonography may confirm the diagnosis of a snapping *** the WALANT technique,the lesion could be identified under direct vision,and we could take stepwise interventions according to intraoperative presentations.

关键词： Snapping wrist Tenosynovitis Wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet technique Orthopedics Snapping syndromes Wrist Case report

An enhanced framework for providing multimedia broadcast/multicast service over heterogeneous networks

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2014年第1期15卷 63-80页

作者： Yi-han XU Chee-Onn chow Mau-Luen THAM Hiroshi ISHII Department of Electrical Engineering University of Malaya Professional Graduate School of Embedded Technology Tokai University

Multimedia broadcast multicast service(MBMS)with inherently low requirement for network resources has been proposed as a candidate solution for using such resources in a more efficient *** the other hand,the Next Generation Mobile Network(NGMN)combines multiple radio access technologies(RATs)to optimize overall network *** performance is becoming a vital indicator of the quality experience of mobile user equipment(UE).In contrast to the conventional vertical handover issue,the problem we are facing is how to seamlessly transmit broadcast/multicast sessions among heterogeneous *** this paper,we propose a new network entity,media independent broadcast multicast service center(MIBM-SC),to provide seamless handover for broadcast/multicast sessions over heterogeneous networks,by extensions and enhancements of MBMS and media independent information service(MIIS)***,a network selection scheme and a cell transmission mode selection scheme are proposed for selecting the best target network and best transmission *** schemes are based on a load-aware network capacity estimation *** results show that the proposed approach has the capability to provide MBMS over heterogeneous networks,with improved handover performance in terms of packet loss rate,throughput,handover delay,cell load,bandwidth usage,and the peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR).

关键词： IEEE 802.21 MIBM-SC MBMS MIIS Heterogeneous networks Network resource management

Variability and Risk Analysis of Hong Kong Air Quality Based on Monsoon and El Nino Conditions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2013年第2期30卷 280-290页

作者： Jong-Suk KIM ZHOU Wen Ho Nam CHEUNG Chak Hang chow School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

This study presents an exploratory analysis aimed at improving understanding of the variability of Hong Kong air quality associated with different climate conditions. Significantly negative correlations were found when Nifio 3 led particulate matter 〈10 p.m PM10） and NO2 by 2 3 months over the Hong Kong territory, while the other pollutants （e.g., Oa, SO2） showed modest correlations. A significant decreasing trend in visibility was observed during the autumn and winter, which has potential implications for the air-quality degradation and the endangerment of human health in Hong Kong. In an E1 Nifio summer, the visibility was relatively better, while visibility in other seasons was diminished. On the other hand, in La Nifia events, significant changes occurred in visibility in winter and autumn. Air pollution indices were less sensitive to the South China Summer Monsoon （SCSM）, but a relatively high correlation existed between the East Asian Winter Monsoon （EAWM） and air pollutants. Rainfall was lower during most of the strong EAWM years compared to the weak years. This result suggests that the pollutants that accumulate in Hong Kong are not easy to wash out, so concentrations remain at a higher level. Finally, based on the conditional Air Pollution Index （API） risk assessment, site-specific vulnerabilities were analyzed to facilitate the development of the air-quality warning systems in Hong Kong.

关键词： air quality E1 Nifio/La Nifia Monsoon API risk Hong Kong

Online Pattern Recognition and Data Correction of PMU Data Under GPS Spoofing Attack

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第6期8卷 1240-1249页

作者： Ancheng Xue Feiyang Xu Jingsong Xu Joe H.chow Shuang Leng Tianshu Bi State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Grid Ningxia Yinchuan Electric Power Company Yinchuan 750001China the Department of Electrical Computerand Systems EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute(RPI)TroyNY 12180USA

Smart grids are increasingly dependent on data with the rapid development of communication and *** one of the important data sources of smart grids,phasor measurement unit(PMU)is facing the high risk from *** with cyber attacks,global position system(GPS)spoofing attacks(GSAs)are easier to implement because they can be exploited by portable devices,without the need to access the physical ***,this paper proposes a novel method for pattern recognition of GSA and an additional function of the proposed method is the data correction to the phase angle difference(PAD)***,this paper analyzes the effect of GSA on PMU measurement and gives two common patterns of GSA,i.e.,the step attack and the ramp ***,the method of estimating the PAD deviation across a transmission line introduced by GSA is proposed,which does not require the line *** obtaining the estimated PAD deviations,the pattern of GSA can be recognized by hypothesis tests and correlation coefficients according to the statistical characteristics of the estimated PAD ***,with the case studies,the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated,and the success rate of the pattern recognition and the online performance of the proposed method are analyzed.

关键词： global position system(GPS) GPS spoofing attack(GSA),phasor measurement,pattern recognition,data correction,line parameter