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Current issues and future perspectives of gastric cancer screening

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第38期20卷 13767-13774页

作者： chisato hamashima Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Division Research Center for Cancer Prevention and ScreeningNational Cancer Center

Gastric cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. About half of the incidence of gastric cancer is observed in East Asian countries, which show a higher mortality than other countries. The effectiveness of 3 new gastric cancer screening techniques, namely, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, serological testing, and “screen and treat” method were extensively reviewed. Moreover, the phases of development for cancer screening were analyzed on the basis of the biomarker development road map. Several observational studies have reported the effectiveness of endoscopic screening in reducing mortality from gastric cancer. On the other hand, serologic testing has mainly been used for targeting the high-risk group for gastric cancer. To date, the effectiveness of new techniques for gastric cancer screening has remained limited. However, endoscopic screening is presently in the last trial phase of development before their introduction to population-based screening. To effectively introduce new techniques for gastric cancer screening in a community, incidence and mortality reduction from gastric cancer must be initially and thoroughly evaluated by conducting reliable studies. In addition to effectiveness evaluation, the balance of benefits and harms must be carefully assessed before introducing these new techniques for population-based screening.

关键词： Gastric cancer screening Mortality Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy Upper gastrointestinal X-ray Serum pepsinogen test Helicobacter pylori antibody

Overdiagnosis of gastric cancer by endoscopic screening

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第2期9卷 55-60页

作者： chisato hamashima Division of Cancer Screening Assessment and Management Center for Public Health ScienceNational Cancer CenterTokyo 104-0045Japan

Gastric cancer screening using endoscopy has recently spread in Eastern Asian countries showing increasing evidence of its effectiveness. However, despite the benefits of endoscopic screening for gastric cancer, its major harms include infection, complications, falsenegative results, false-positive results, and overdiagnosis. The most serious harm of endoscopic screening is overdiagnosis and this can occur in any cancer screening programs. Overdiagnosis is defined as the detection of cancers that would never have been found if there is no cancer screening. Overdiagnosis has been estimated from randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and modeling. It can be calculated on the basis of a comparison of the incidence of cancer between screened and unscreened individuals after the follow-up. Although the estimation method for overdiagnosis has not yet been standardized, estimation of overdiagnosis is needed in endoscopic screening for gastric cancer. To minimize overdiagnosis, the target age group and screening interval should be appropriately defined. Moreover, the balance of benefits and harms must be carefully considered to effectively introduce endoscopic screening in communities. Further research regarding overdiagnosis is warranted when evaluating the effectiveness of endoscopic screening.

关键词： Gastric cancer Cancer screening Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy Overdiagnosis Harm

Impact of endoscopic screening on mortality reduction from gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第8期21卷 2460-2466页

作者： chisato hamashima Kazuei Ogoshi Rintarou Narisawa Tomoki Kishi Toshiyuki Kato Kazutaka Fujita Masatoshi Sano Satoshi Tsukioka Cancer Screening Assessment and Mana-gement Division Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening National Cancer Center Cancer Registry Section Niigata Cancer Center Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Niigata Cancer Center Hospital Graduate student Department of Health Mana-gement Keio University Committee of Gastroin-testinal Cancer Screening Niigata city Medical Association Niigata city Public Health Center Niigata city Government

AIM:To investigate mortality reduction from gastric cancer based on the results of endoscopic ***:The study population consisted of participants of gastric cancer screening by endoscopy,regular radiography,and photofluorography at Niigata city in *** observed numbers of cumulative deaths from gastric cancers and other cancers were accumulated by linkage with the Niigata Prefectural Cancer *** standardized mortality ratio(SMR)of gastric cancer and other cancer deaths in each screening group was calculated by applying the mortality rate of the reference ***:Based on the results calculated from the mortality rate of the population of Niigata city,the SMRs of gastric cancer death were 0.43(95%CI:0.30-0.57)for the endoscopic screening group,0.68(95%CI:0.55-0.79)for the regular radiographic screening group,and 0.85(95%CI:0.71-0.94)for the photofluorography screening *** mortality reduction from gastric cancer was higher in the endoscopic screening group than in the regular radiographic screening group despite the nearly equal mortality rates of all cancers except gastric ***:The 57%mortality reduction from gastric cancer might indicate the effectiveness of endoscopic screening for gastric *** studies and prudent interpretation of results are needed.

关键词： Gastric cancer screening Mortality Upper gastroint

Effect of Silver-Loaded Zeolite on the Susceptibility of Escherichia ColiAgainst Antibiotics

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 114-117页

作者： Yoshihiro Inoue Hajime hamashima Department of Microbiology Showa Pharmaceutical University Machida Japan Laboratory of Bio-Medicinal Pharmacology Showa Pharmaceutical University Machida Japan

We investigated the effect of silver-loaded zeolite (Ag-Z) on antibacterial activity of some antibiotics against Es-cherichia coli against antibiotics. We treated the bacterial suspension of E. coli by Ag-Z to be the level which the decrease of viable cell count was not observed. Susceptibility test of E. coli treated with Ag-Z was carried out against four antibiotics with different mode of action. Apparent increase in susceptibility was found in the case of rifampicin, not in others. The result suggests that application of Ag-Z to ward environment might give a good outcome at the treatment with rifampicin and at the treatment for pathogenic microbe spread through the air, such as tubercle bacilli.

关键词： Silver-Loaded Zeolite Rifampicin Reactive Oxygen Species

Electrochemical Analysis of the Redox State of Silver Contained in Antibacterial Material

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2012年第2期3卷 136-139页

Introduction of silver into some inorganic material causes the resulting mixture to have antibacterial activity. Here, we investigated the role of silver in the bactericidal activity of silver-loaded zeolite, by measuring the effects of silver-loaded zeolite on Escherichia coli cell viability under conditions in which the oxidation state of the silver was controlled electrochemically. Bactericidal activity was observed when the sweeping voltage between 0 and 0.7 V was applied to the silver electrode. When nitrogen gas bubbling or reactive oxygen scavengers were added to the experimental system, bactericidal activity decreased. These results indicated that the redox cycle, Ag0 Ag+, caused the dissolved oxygen to form reactive oxygen species.

关键词： Silver Antibacterial Activity Electrochemical Analysis

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江南的聚落、社区与农民共同关系

社会 2007年第3期27卷 189-205页

作者：滨岛敦俊徐晶（整理）日本大阪大学大学院文学研究科名誉教授中国台湾暨南国际大学教授不详

滨岛敦俊教授是大阪大学大学院文学研究科名誉教授、台湾暨南国际大学历史学系教授，东洋文库研究员，1937年生，按照我们中国的虚岁年龄他已经是古稀之年了。滨岛教授几十年来一直在做江南社会史研究，差不多每年都要来江南，最多的时... 详细信息

滨岛敦俊教授是大阪大学大学院文学研究科名誉教授、台湾暨南国际大学历史学系教授，东洋文库研究员，1937年生，按照我们中国的虚岁年龄他已经是古稀之年了。滨岛教授几十年来一直在做江南社会史研究，差不多每年都要来江南，最多的时候一年要来做四次田野调查。

关键词：江南聚落农民社区社会史研究名誉教授文学研究国际大学

A Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Coinfected with Mycobacterium intracellulareand Pneumocystis jiroveciiwith a Characteristic Compositional Change of Bone Marrow Cells

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2017年第3期7卷 110-116页

作者： Sayaka Uda Shinsuke Shiotsu Ayaka Omura Ryosuke hamashima Akihiro Yoshimura Naoko Kurisu Tomoya Sagawa Koichi Hasegawa Tatsuya Yuba Chieko Takumi Seiko Ono Noriya Hiraoka Noriya Hiraoka Department of Respiratory Medicine Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi HospitalKyotoJapan Department of Respiratory Medicine Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan Department of Infection Control and Prevention Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi HospitalKyotoJapan

Human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is endemic in the southern part of Japan. Infection of the virus can cause adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), while most infected individuals remain in a carrier state for a long period of time. Although rare cases of carriers, like ATL patients, who developed opportunistic infections, have been reported, hematological changes of carriers who are prone to opportunistic infections have not been well defined. Here, we present a case of an HTLV-1 carrier who developed Mycobacterium intracellulare infection and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) simultaneously. Flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow cells revealed an aberrant compositional change similar to that in ATL patients. This suggests the presence of a pre-ATL state prior to the development of ATL, which is notable in terms of underlying cellular immunodeficiency.

关键词： Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Carrier Immunodeficiency Pneumocystis jirovecii