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Influence of spectral distribution on accommodation-vergence and reading performance

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Annals of Eye Science 2017年第1期2卷 127-132页

作者： Shiva Ram Male Rishi Bhardwaj chiranjib majumder School of Medical Sciences University of HyderabadTelanganaIndia R J N School of Optometry GwaliorMadhya PradeshIndia

Background:To assess the influence of different spectral energy distribution on accommodation,vergence and reading ***:A Randomized experimental study was conducted after getting the approval of the Ethical Committee of University of *** participants with an age group of 18-21 years was integrated,out of which 50%was male and 50%was *** with emmetropia and no history of ocular pathology were included in the *** point of accommodation(NPA)&near point of convergence(NPC)was measured with the help of royal air force(RAF)ruler followed by near visual task of a readability ***:A statistically significant result was obtained when reading rate,reading speed and NPC was compared among different spectral distribution of light(P<0.001)except NPA(P=0.43).Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference(P<0.001)when tungsten was compared with fluorescent light(FLOU),compact fluorescent light(CFL),and light emitting diode(LED)for reading rate,reading speed and *** there is no noteworthy difference exist when fluorescent was compared with CFL for reading rate(P=0.530)&reading speed(P=0.595).Similarly,LED also showed no considerable difference when compared with CFL(P=0.682)and fluorescent(P=0.490)for *** NPA was assessed within the group LED showed insignificant difference with CFL(P=0.205)and fluorescent(P=0.275)similar like fluorescent and tungsten(P=0.482).Conclusions:This study concluded that reading performance(reading rate and reading speed)and NPC has a significance change if we use inappropriate lighting during visual *** will cause visual fatigue and strain after sustained near *** addition,tungsten spectral energy influences the convergence which can also show an impact on reading and near visual tasks because of its brightness and *** reading and working under this lighting can cause convergence disorders and visual fatigue.

关键词： Accommodation convergence reading rate reading speed readability spectral distribution correct word per minute(CWPM)

Association between people’s attitudes towards human-elephant conflict and their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in Buxa Tiger Reserve and its adjoining area,India

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 11-25页

作者： chiranjib NAD Tamal BASU-ROY Department of Geography Raiganj UniversityRaiganj733134India

“Human-elephant conflict(HEC)”,the alarming issue,in present day context has attracted the attention of environmentalists and policy *** rising conflict between human beings and wild elephants is common in Buxa Tiger Reserve(BTR)and its adjoining area in West Bengal State,India,making the area ***’s attitudes towards elephant conservation activity are very crucial to get rid of HEC,because people’s proximity with wild elephants’habitat can trigger the occurrence of *** aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation about the association of people’s attitudes towards HEC with their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in BTR and its adjoining area by using Pearson’s bivariate chi-square test and binary logistic regression *** is one of the constituent parts of Eastern Doors Elephant Reserve(EDER).We interviewed 500 respondents to understand their perceptions to HEC and investigated their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics including location of village,gender,age,ethnicity,religion,caste,poverty level,education level,primary occupation,secondary occupation,household type,and source of *** results indicate that respondents who are living in enclave forest villages(EFVs),peripheral forest villages(PFVs),corridor village(CVs),or forest and corridor villages(FCVs),mainly males,at the age of 18–48 years old,engaged with agriculture occupation,and living in kancha and mixed houses,have more likelihood to witness ***,respondents who are illiterate or at primary education level are more likely to regard elephant as a main problematic animal around their villages and refuse to participate in elephant conservation *** the sake of a sustainable environment for both human beings and wildlife,people’s attitudes towards elephants must be friendly in a more prudent way,so that the two communities can live in harmony.

关键词： Human-elephant conflict Elephant conservation Chi-square test statistics Binary logistic regression Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics Buxa Tiger Reserve

CuO–TiO_(2) based self-powered broad band photodetector

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第3期6卷 345-354页

作者： chiranjib Ghosh Arka Dey Iman Biswas Rajeev Kumar Gupta Vikram Singh Yadav Ashish Yadav Neha Yadav Hongyu Zheng Mohamed Henini Aniruddha Mondal Department of Physics National Institute of Technology DurgapurWest BengalIndia Department of Physics University of Petroleum&Energy Studies DehradunUttarakhandIndia Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow226031India Center for Advanced Laser Manufacturing(CALM) Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255000PR China School of Physics and Astronomy University of NottinghamNottinghamNG72RDUnited Kingdom

An efficient room-temperature self-powered,broadband(300 nm–1100 nm)photodetector based on a CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)/p-Si(100)heterostructure is *** CuO–TiO_(2)nanocomposites were grown in a two-zone horizontal tube furnace on a 40 nm TiO_(2)thin film deposited on a p-type Si(100)*** CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)/p-Si(100)devices exhibited excellent rectification characteristics under dark and individual photoillumination *** devices showed remarkable photo-response under broadband(300–1100 nm)light illumination at zero bias voltage,indicating the achievement of highly sensitive self-powered photodetectors at visible and near-infrared light *** maximum response of the devices is observed at 300 nm for an illumination power of 10 *** response and recovery times were calculated as 86 ms and 78 ms,***,under a small bias,the devices showed a prompt binary response by altering the current from positive to negative under illumination *** main reason behind this binary response is the low turn-on voltage and photovoltaic characteristics of the *** illumination conditions,the generation of photocurrent is due to the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs within the built-in electric field at the CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)*** characteristics make the CuO–TiO_(2)/TiO_(2)broadband photodetectors suitable for applications that require high response speeds and self-sufficient functionality.

关键词： Self-powered CuO–TiO_(2) nanocomposite Broadband photodetector Two-zone horizontal tube furnace Responsivity

A green chemistry approach for the synthesis and characterization of bioactive gold nanoparticles using Azolla microphylla methanol extract

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2014年第2期8卷 123-135页

作者： Selvaraj KUNJIAPPAN Ranjana CHOWDHURY chiranjib BHATTACHARJEE Department of Chemical Engineering Jadavpur University Jadavpur Kolkata-700 032 India

This article reports the environmentally benign synthesis of gold nanoparticles （GNPs） using methanol extract of Azolla microphylla as the stabilizing and reducing agent. The GNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry and FTIR, and the morphological characteristics were analyzed by XRD, FESEM-EDX and HRTEM. The GNPs could be formed in very short time, even in less than 30 min. The nanoparticles measured by UV-spectrophotometer demonstrated a peak at 540 nm corresponding to surface plasmon resonance spectra, and the peaks showed by FTIR suggested the presence of organic biomolecules on the surface of the GNPs. XRD results confirmed the crystalline nature of the GNPs, and FESEM-EDX and HRTEM analyses had been performed in the size ranges of 17-40nm and 1.25-17.5nm respectively. The synthesized GNPs showed excellent antioxidant activity. This study shows the feasibility of using plant sources for the biosynthesis of GNPs.

关键词： Azolla microphylla gold nanoparticle (GNP) antioxidant activity surfaceplasmon resonance green chemistry

GIScience research challenges for realizing discrete global grid systems as a Digital Earth

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Big Earth Data 2022年第3期6卷 358-379页

作者： Majid Hojati Colin Robertson Steven Roberts chiranjib Chaudhuri Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooONCanada Coldwater Laboratory University of SaskatchewanCanmoreABCanada

Increasing data resources are available for documenting and detecting changes in environmental,ecological,and socioeconomic ***,data are distributed across a wide variety of sources(*** silos)and published in a variety of formats,scales,and semantic representations.A key issue,therefore,in building systems that can realize a vision of earth system monitoring remains data *** global grid systems(DGGSs)have emerged as a key technology that can provide a common multi-resolution spatial fabric in support of Digital Earth ***,DGGSs remain in their infancy with many technical,conceptual,and operational *** renewed interest in DGGS brought on by a recently proposed standard,the demands of big data,and growing needs for monitoring environmental changes across a variety of scales,we seek to highlight current challenges that we see as central to moving the field(s)and technologies of DGGS *** each of the identified challenges,we illustrate the issue and provide a potential solution using a reference DGGS *** articulation of these challenges,we hope to identify a clear research agenda,expand the DGGS research footprint,and provide some ideas for moving forward towards a scaleable Digital Earth *** such challenges helps the GIScience research community to achieve the real benefits of DGGS and provides DGGS an opportunity to play a role in the next generation of GIS.

关键词： DGGS discrete global grid systems GIScience Digital Earth

Ebola virus disease: Recent advances in diagnostics and therapeutics

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第9期12卷 385-395页

作者： Supriya Jagga Ashish Ranjan Sharma chiranjib Chakraborty Sang-Soo Lee Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Chuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalHallym UniversityChuncheon 24252 Republie of Korea Department of Biotechnology School of Life Science and BiotechnologyAdamas UniversityBarasat Barackpore RdKlltaWest Bengal 700126 lndia

Ebola virus disease(EVD)is associated with haemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates,with a high rate of fatality(up to 90%).Some outbreaks in human history have proven the lethality of *** recent epidemic of 2014 and 2015 in West Africa was the deadliest of all time(11 284 deaths).To understand the transmission dynamics,we have reviewed the epidemiology of EVD to *** absence of any licensed vaccines or approved drugs against Ebola virus(EBOV)further highlights the severity and crisis level of *** organizations(public and private)are making considerable efforts to develop novel therapeutic approaches or vaccines to contain the outbreak of EBOV ***,we summarized the various potential drugs and vaccines(undergoing multiple phases of clinical trials)that have arisen as an alternative against EBOV,and we highlighted the numerous issues and limitations hindering this ***,an increasing focus on strengthening the medical and civic health structure could provide speedy benefits in containing the spread of EVD,as well as offer a resilient foundation for the deployment of novel drugs and vaccines to the affected countries,once such drugs and vaccines become available.

关键词： Ebola virus Vaccines Therapeutics Ebola outbreaks Diagnostics Epidemiology Haemorrhagic fever

Altered gut microbiota patterns in COVID-19:Markers for inflammation and disease severity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第25期28卷 2802-2822页

作者： chiranjib Chakraborty Ashish Ranjan Sharma Manojit Bhattacharya Kuldeep Dhama Sang-Soo Lee School of Life Science and Biotechnology Adamas UniversityKolkata 700126India Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopaedic Surgery Hallym UniversityChuncheon-si 24252South Korea Department of Zoology Fakir Mohan UniversityBalasore 756020India Division of Pathology Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-Indian Veterinary Research Institute(IVRI)Bareilly 243122Uttar PradeshIndia Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Hallym UniversityChuncheon-si 24252South Korea

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection leads to a severe respiratory illness and alters the gut microbiota,which dynamically interacts with the human immune *** alterations include decreased levels of beneficial bacteria and augmentation of opportunistic ***,we describe critical factors affecting the microbiota in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** include,such as gut microbiota imbalance and gastrointestinal symptoms,the pattern of altered gut microbiota composition in COVID-19 patients,and crosstalk between the microbiome and the gut-lung axis/gut-brain-lung ***,we have illustrated the hypoxia state in COVID-19 associated gut microbiota *** role of ACE2 in the digestive system,and control of its expression using the gut microbiota is discussed,highlighting the interactions between the lungs,the gut,and the brain during COVID-19 ***,we address the gut microbiota in elderly or co-morbid patients as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis of in severe *** clinical trials to understand the role of probiotics in COVID-19 patients are listed in this *** inflammation is one of the major driving forces for COVID-19 symptoms and gut microbiome disruption and is associated with disease ***,understanding the role of the gut microbiota in immune modulation during SARS-CoV-2 infection may help improve therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 treatment.

关键词： COVID-19 Inflammation Gut microbiota Therapeutic

PPARγLBD and its ligand specificity reveal a selection of potential partial agonist:Molecular dynamics based T2D drug discovery initiative

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BIOCELL 2021年第4期45卷 953-961页

作者： BIDYUT MALLICK ASHISH RANJAN SHARMA MANOJIT BHATTACHARYA SANG-SOO LEE chiranjib CHAKRABORTY Department of Applied Science Galgotias College of Engineering and TechnologyKnowledge Park-IIGreater Noida201306India Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalChuncheon-si24252Korea Department of Zoology Fakir Mohan UniversityVyasa ViharBalasore756020India Department of Biotechnology School of Life Science and BiotechnologyAdamas UniversityKolkata700126India

PPARγis a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)family protein and is a target for type 2 diabetes(T2D).In this paper,we have performed a molecular docking analysis between ligand molecules(CID9816265,CID11608015,CID20251380,CID20251343,CID20556263,CID624491,CID42609928,and CID86287562)and PPARγto determine the ligand *** also helps to understand the ligand-binding domain(LBD)activity of PPARγduring the binding of the ***,a molecular dynamics simulation study was performed to determine the ligand biding stability in the PPARγ*** ligand specificity informed us about the potentiality of selecting a partial *** study also shows the binding conformation of Ceramicine B having hydrogen bonding affinity with a tricyclic polar head and stabilized theβ-sheet *** the other hand,the tricyclic polar head of nimbolide also formed hydrogen bonding(Ser342),but it shows a lesser degree of stabilization in theβ-sheet *** shows the binding conformation of partial agonist(PPARγ)in the Pocket-II of PPARγLBD,which has a significant role in stabilizing theβ-sheet *** might help to regulate ERK/Cdk5 mediated phosphorylation of *** study helps us understand the valid pose of a set of ligands confirmation and target protein conformation using docking and molecular dynamics *** in silico study will also help to initiate a drug discovery process of T2D.

关键词： PPARγ Partial agonist Molecular simulation T2D Drug discovery

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19) pandemic: A zoonotic prospective

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020年第6期13卷 242-246页

作者： chiranjib Chakraborty Ashish Ranjan Sharma Manojit Bhattacharya Garima Sharma Sang-Soo Lee Department of Biotechnology School of Life Science and BiotechnologyAdamas UniversityBarasat-Barrackpore RdKolkataWest Bengal 700126India Institute for Skeletal Aging&Orthopedic Surgery Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalChuncheon-si24252Gangwon-doRepublic of Korea Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program College of PharmacyKangwon National UniversityRepublic of Korea

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),a novel coronavirus(CoV),has recently emerged as a significant pathogen for humans and the cause for the recent outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)throughout the *** developing any preventive measure,an understanding of the zoonotic pattern for this virus is a *** should have a clear knowledge of its reservoir host,its distribution pattern and spreading *** about zoonotic reservoirs and its transmission among them can help to understand the COVID-19 *** this article,we discuss about the bats as the zoonotic reservoir of several CoV strains,co-existence of bats and CoV/viruses,the sequence similarity of SARS-CoV-2 with bat SARS-like CoV,the probable source of the origin of SARS-CoV-2 strain and COVID-19 outbreak,intermediate host of CoVs and SARS-CoV-2,human to human transmission and the possibility to maintain the zoonotic *** knowledge about the zoonotic reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 and its transmission ability may help develop the preventive measures and control for the future outbreak of CoV.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Coronavirus Zoonotic reservoir